简介:Correctextractionoftheultra-large-scaleintegrated(ULSI)interconnectcomponentsathightfrequenciesisveryimportantforevaluatingelectricalperformancesofhigh-speedULSIcircuits.Inthispaper,theextractionoftheinterconnectresistanceathighfrequenciesisderivedfromtheOhm′slawandverifiedbythesoftwareFastHenry.Theresultsarealsocomparedwiththoseofanotherresistanceformulaoriginatedfromtheeffectiveareaofthecurrentflowing.Theapplicabilityofthesetwoformulaeisdiscussed.Theinfluenceoftheinterconnectgeometryontheresistanceathighfrequenciesisstudied.Thecomputationindicatesthattheeffectoffrequencyontheresistanceisweakwhentheskindepthislargerthanhalfoftheshortsideoftherectangularinterconnectcrosssection.Withfurtherincreaseoffrequency,theresistanceincreasesobviously.Resultsimplythatconductorwithasquarecrosssectionexhibitsthelargestresistanceforrectangularconductorsofconstantcrosssectionarea.
简介:Theabilitytomodulateanopticalfieldviaanelectricfieldisregardedasakeyfunctionofelectro-opticinterconnects,whichareusedinopticalcommunicationsandinformation-processingsystems.Oneofthemaindevicesrequiredforsuchinterconnectsistheelectro-opticmodulator(EOM).CurrentEOMsbasedonelectro-opticandelectro-absorptioneffectsoftenarebulkyandpower-inefficientduetotheweakelectro-opticpropertiesoftheirconstituentmaterials.Here,weproposeanewmechanismtoproduceanarbitrary-waveformEOMbasedonquantuminterference,inwhichbothrealandimaginarypartsofthesusceptibilityareengineeredcoherentlywithsuper-highefficiency.BasedonthisEOM,awaveforminterconnectfromthevoltagetothemodulatedopticalabsorptionisrealized.Weexpectthatsuchanewtypeofelectro-opticinterconnectwillhaveabroadrangeofapplications,includinginopticalcommunicationsandnetworks.