简介:Prestinisthemotorproteinofcochlearouterhaircells(OHCs).ItisabletoperformrapidandreciprocalelectromechanicalconversionthatunderliesOHCelectromotility.Duetotheinadequatesizeofasingleprestinmoleculetoformthe~12nmintramembraneousproteinparticles(IMPs)intheOHClateralmembrane(LM),thepossibilityofprestinoligomerizationhasbeenproposed.Ithasbeensuggestedthatprestinmoleculesformhighorderoligomers,mostlikelyasthetetramer,inheterologoussystems.InOHCs,however,theoligomericstructureofprestinremainsunclear.Herewecalculatedtheprestin-relatedchargedensityinbothgerbilandguineapigOHCsthroughmeasuringtheirnonlinearcapacitance(NLC)andLMsurfacearea,showingthattheaveragechargedensity(22,608μm-2ingerbils;19,460μm-2inguineapigs)isstatistically4timestheaveragedensityofIMPs(5,686μm-2ingerbils;5,000μm-2inguineapigs).ThissuggeststhateachIMPcontainsfourprestinmoleculesbaseduponthenotionthateachprestintransfersasingleelementarycharge,implyingthatprestinformstetramersinOHCs.Todeterminewhethertheprestintetramerfunctionsasamechanicalunit,wesubsequentlycomparedtheslopefactors(α)ofelectromotilityandNLCsimultaneouslymeasuredfromthesameOHC,showingthattheαvaluesofthetwoarestatisticallythesame.ThissuggeststhateachprestinmoleculeinthetetramerismechanicallyindependentandequallycontributestoOHCelectromotility.
简介:EachHasHisOwnPlace──TheNewLifeofTwoSoulBoyCandidatesDOQUNHavingrecitedBuddhistscripturesforawholeday,NgawangNangzuiPesteredhi...
简介:Inthiswork,dynamicbucklingofarestedlaminananocompositeplateisconsidered.Theplatesarearmedwithsinglewalledcarbonnanotubes(SWCNTs)toobtaintheireffectivecharacteristic;Mori-Tanakamodelisapplied.Accordingtosinusoidalsheardeformationtheory(SSDT),theequationsofgoverningareobtainedusingHamilton'sprincipalandenergymethod.Forcalculatingthedynamicstabilityregion(DIR)ofthestructureBolotin'sandNavier'smethodsareapplied.TheinfluencesofnumberandorientationangleoflayersvolumepercentofSWCNTs,geometricalparametersandelasticmediumofplatesareshownontheDIRofsystem.ResultsshowthatenhancingvolumepercentofSWCNTsincreasestheresonancefrequency.Also,theaccuracyofthisstudyiscomparedwithotherworks
简介:Inthiswork,dynamicbucklingofarestedlaminananocompositeplateisconsidered.Theplatesarearmedwithsinglewalledcarbonnanotubes(SWCNTs)toobtaintheireffectivecharacteristic;Mori-Tanakamodelisapplied.Accordingtosinusoidalsheardeformationtheory(SSDT),theequationsofgoverningareobtainedusingHamilton'sprincipalandenergymethod.Forcalculatingthedynamicstabilityregion(DIR)ofthestructureBolotin'sandNavier'smethodsareapplied.TheinfluencesofnumberandorientationangleoflayersvolumepercentofSWCNTs,geometricalparametersandelasticmediumofplatesareshownontheDIRofsystem.ResultsshowthatenhancingvolumepercentofSWCNTsincreasestheresonancefrequency.Also,theaccuracyofthisstudyiscomparedwithotherworks.
简介:Thefutureofacountryandsocietybelongstochildrenandyoungsters.Asaprimaryschoolteacher,Ikeenlyfeeltheneedtoeducateourchildreninhumanrights,sothattheywilldevelopinanall-roundway,morally,intellectuallyandphysically.Overthepastfewyeas,Ihavetriedtoincorporateeducationinhumanrightsintoactivitiesin
简介:BETWEENHUNHUANGCHINBSE-WRITTENSTORY(ANDTIBETAN-WRITTENSTORY)OFCONFUCIUSANDXIANGTUOANSWERINGEACHOTHERQUESTIONSANDAMONGOLIANFOL...