简介:Itiswidelyrecognizedthatexchange,distribution,andintegrationofbiologicaldataarethekeystoimprovebioinformaticsandgenomebiologyinpost-genomicera.However,theproblemofexchangingandintegratingbiologicaldataisnotsolvedsatisfactorily.TheeXtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)israpidlyspreadingasanemergingstandardforstructuringdocumentstoexchangeandintegratedataontheWorldWideWeb(WWW).WebserviceisthenextgenerationofWWWandisfoundedupontheopenstandardsofW3C(WorldWideWebConsortium)andIETF(InternetEngineeringTaskForce).ThispaperpresentsXMLandWebServicestechnologiesandtheiruseforanappropriatesolutiontotheproblemofbioinformaticsdataexchangeandintegration.
简介:AuxindistributionduringembryogenesisandseedgerminationwerestudiedwithtransgenicArabidopsisplantsexpressingGUSgenedrivenbyasyntheticDR5promoter,anauxinresponsivepromoter.TheresultsshowedthatGUSactivityishigherinendsofhypophysisandcotyledonprimordiaofheart-,torpedo-andcotyledon-stageembryos,leaftiparea,lateralrootprimordia,rootapexandcotyledonofyoungseedlings.AndGUSaccumulatedinrootapexoftheseedlingsgrownonauxintransportinhibitorcontainingmedia.Allthesesuggestedthatabove-mentionedpartoftheorgansandtissueshaveahigherlevelofauxin,andauxinpolartransportinhibitorcouldcausetheaccumulationofauxininrootapex.AndauxintransportinhibitoralsoresultedinaberrationofArabidopsisleafpatternformation,rootgravitropismandelongation.
简介:Apoptosismanifestsintwomajorexecutionprogramsdownstreamofthedeathsignal:thecaspasepathwayandorganelledysfunction.Animportantantiapoptosisfactor,Bcl-2protein,contributesincaspasepathwayofapoptosis.Calcium,animportantintracellularsignalelementincells,isalsoobservedtohavechangesduringapoptosis,whichmaybeaffectedbyBcl-2protein.WehavepreviouslyreportedthatinHarringtonine(HT)inducedapoptosisofHL-60cells,there'schangeofintracellularcalciumdistribution,ovingfromcytoplastespeciallyGolgi'sapparatustonucleusandaccumulatingtherewiththehighestconcentration.Wereportherethatcaspase-3becomesactivatedinHT-inducedapoptosisofHL-60cells,whichcanbeinhibitedbyoverexpressionofBcl-2protein.NosignofapoptosisorintracellularcalciummovementfromGolgi'sapparatustonucleusinHL-60cellsoverexpressingBcl-2ortreatedwithAc-DEVD-CHO,aspecificinhibitorofcaspase-3.Theresultsindicatethatactivatedcaspase-2canpromotethemovementofintracellularcalciumfromGolgi'sapparatustonucleus,andtheprocessisinhibitedbyAc-DEVD-CHO(inhibitorofcaspase-3),andthatBcl-2caninhibitthemovementandaccumulationofintracellularcalciuminnucleusthroughitsinhibitiononcaspase-3.Calciumrelocalizationinapoptosisseemstobeirreversible,whichisdifferentfromtheintracellularcalciumchangescausedbygrowthfactor.
简介:Twouncoupleabledistributions,assigningmissionstorobotsandallocatingrobotstohomestations,accompanytheuseofmobileservicerobotsinhospitals.Inthegivenproblem,twoworkload-relatedobjectivesandfivegroupsofconstraintsareproposed.Abio-mimickedBinaryBeesAlgorithm(BBA)isintroducedtosolvethismultiobjectivemulticonstraintcombinatorialoptimisationproblem,inwhichconstrainthandlingtechnique(MultiobjectiveTransformation,MOT),multiobjectiveevaluationmethod(nondominanceselection),globalsearchstrategy(stochasticsearchinthevariablespace),localsearchstrategy(Hammingneighbourhoodexploitation),andpost-processingmeans(feasibilityselection)arethemainissues.TheBBAisthendemonstratedwithacasestudy,presentingtheexecutionprocessofthealgorithm,andalsoexplainingthechangeofelitenumberinevolutionaryprocess.Itsoptimisationresultprovidesagroupoffeasiblenondominatedtwo-leveldistributionschemes.
简介:Changesinthedistributionof1P1-antigeninthedevelopingchickretinahavebeenexaminedbyindriectimmunofluorescencestainingtechniqueusingthenovelmonoclonalantibody(MAb)1P1.Expressionofthe1P1antigenwasfoundtoberegulatedinradialaswellasintangentialdimensionoftheretina,beingpreferentiallyorexclusivelylocatedintheinnerandouterplexiformlayersoftheneuralretinadependingonthestagesofdevelopment,Withtheonsetoftheformationoftheinnerplexiformlayer1P1antigenbecomesexpressedintheretina.Withprogressingdifferentiationoftheinnerplexiformlayer1P1immunofluorescencerevealed2subbandsatE9and6subandsatE18,Atpostnatalstages(afterP3)immunoreactivitywasreducedinaninside-outsidesequenceleadingtothecompleteabsenceofthe1P1antigeninadulthood.1P1antigenexpressionintheouterplexiformlayerwasalsosubjecttodevelopmentalregulation.Thespation-temporalpatternof1P1antigenexpressionwascorrelatedwiththetimecourseofhistologicaldifferentationofchickretina,namelythesynapserichplexiformlayers.Whetherthe1P1antigenwasfunctionallyinvolvedindendriteextensionandsynapseformationwasdiscussed.
简介:Thelargeamountofrepeats,especiallyhighcopyrepeats,inthegenomesofhigheranimalsandplantsmakeswholegenomeassembly(WGA)quitedifficult.Inordertosolvethisproblem,wetriedtoidentifyrepeatsandmaskthempriortoassemblyevenatthestageofgenomesurvey.Itisknownthatrepeatsofdifferentcopynumberhavedifferentprobabilitiesofappearanceinshotgundata,sobasedonthisprinciple,weconstructedastatisticalmodelandinferredcriteriaformathematicallydefinedrepeats(MDRs)atdifferentshotguncoverages.Accordingtothesecriteria,wedevelopedsoftwareMDRmaskertoidentifyandmaskMDRsinshotgundata.Withrepeatsmaskedpriortoassembly,thespeedofassemblywasincreasedwithlowererrorprobability.Inaddition,clone-insertsizeaffectstheaccuracyofrepeatassemblyandscaffoldconstruction.Wealsodesignedlengthdistributionofclone-insertsusingourmodel.Inoursimulatedgenomesofhumanandrice,thelengthdistributionofrepeatsisdifferent,sotheiroptimallengthdistributionsofclone-insertswerenotthesame.Thuswithoptimallengthdistributionofclone-inserts,agivengenomecouldbeassembledbetteratlowercoverage.