简介：Thediscreteiterativemapmodelofpeakcurrent-modecontrolledbuckconverterwithconstantcurrentload(CCL),containingtheoutputvoltagefeedbackandrampcompensation,isestablishedinthispaper.BasedonthismodelthecomplexdynamicsofthisconverterisinvestigatedbyanalyzingbifurcationdiagramsandtheLyapunovexponentspectrum.Theeffectsoframpcompensationandoutputvoltagefeedbackonthestabilityoftheconverterareinvestigated.Experimentalresultsverifythesimulationandtheoreticalanalysis.Thestabilityboundaryandchaosboundaryareobtainedunderthetheoreticalconditionsofperiod-doublingbifurcationandbordercollision.Itisfoundthattherearefouroperationregionsinthepeakcurrent-modecontrolledbuckconverterwithCCLduetoperiod-doublingbifurcationandborder-collisionbifurcation.Researchresultsindicatethatrampcompensationcanextendthestableoperationrangeandtransfertheoperatingmode,andoutputvoltagefeedbackcaneventuallyeliminatethecoexistingfast-slowscaleinstability.

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简介：TheobjectiveoftheApollonprojectisthegenerationof10PWpeakpowerpulsesof15fsat1shot/minute.InthispapertheApollonfacilitydesign,thetechnologicalchallengesandthecurrentprogressoftheprojectwillbepresented.

简介：AsAfricancountriesallsupporttheinternationalizationofRMB,theaggregateamountofRMBpaymentintheChina-Africatradehavebeensteadilyexpandingoverthepastyears,aRMBclearingnetworkledbyBankofChinaandaseriesofRMBfinancialproductshavebeenestablishedinAfrica.WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheChina-Africaeconomicandtradecooperation,AfricaisincreasinglydependingonChina’smarketandcapital.Moreover,thereisnoadominantcurrencyinthecontinent.AllthesehavedecidedthattherewillbegreatpotentialsforfurtherpromotingRMB’sroleinAfrica.

简介：Toinvestigatethemechanismofsecondarycirculationsinripcurrentsystems,andtoexploretherelationshipbetweenwaveconditionsandsecondarycirculationintensity,aseriesofnumericalexperimentsisperformedusingcouplednearshorewavemodelandcirculationmodel.Intheseexperiments,theripcurrentsandsecondarycirculationsgeneratedabovebarredbeacheswithripchannelsaresimulated.Acomparisonexperimentisconductedtoinvestigatetheformationandhydrodynamicsofthesecondarycirculations.Modelresultsindicatethatthesecondarycirculationsconsistofalongshoreflowsdrivenbywaveset-upneartheshoreline,partofthefeedercurrentsdrivenbythewaveset-upoverthebars,andonshoreflowsattheendoftheripchanneldrivenbywavebreakingandconvection.Theexistenceofthesecondarycirculationbarelyaffectstheripcurrent,butnarrowsandintensifiesthefeedercurrents.Threegroupsofexperimentsofvaryingincidentwaveconditionsareperformedtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenwaveconditionsandsecondarycirculationintensity.Thevelocityofthealongshoreflowofthesecondarycirculationissensitivetothevariationoftheincidentwaveheightandwaterdepth.Itisalsofoundthatthealongshoreflowintensityisindirectproportiontothealongshorevariationofthewaveheightgradientbetweenthebarsandtheshoreline.

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简介：Triple-negativebreastcancer(TNBC)isdiagnosedmorefrequentlyinyoungerandpremenopausalwomenandishighlyprevalentinAfricanAmericanwomen.TNBCisatermderivedfromtumorsthatarecharacterizedbytheabsenceofER,PgR,andHER2.SopatientswithTNBCdonotbenefitfromhormonalortrastuzumab-basedtherapies.TNBCsarebiologicallyaggressive,althoughsomereportssuggestthattheyrespondtochemotherapybetterthanothertypesofbreastcancer,prognosisremainspoor.Thisisdueto:shorteneddisease-freeintervalintheadjuvantandneoadjuvantsettingandamoreaggressivecourseinthemetastaticsetting.

简介：Hepaticencephalopathy(HE)isasevereneuropsychiatricsyndromethatmostcommonlyoccursindecompensatedlivercirrhosisandincorporatesaspectrumofmanifestationsthatrangesfrommildcognitiveimpairmenttocoma.AlthoughtheetiologyofHEisnotcompletelyunderstood,itisbelievedthatmultipleunderlyingmechanismsareinvolvedinthepathogenesisofHE,andoneofthemainfactorsisthoughttobeammonia;however,theammoniahypothesisinthepathogenesisofHEisincomplete.Recently,ithasbeenincreasinglydemonstratedthatinflammation,includingsystemicinflammation,neuroinflammationandendotoxemia,actsinconcertwithammoniainthepathogenesisofHEincirrhoticpatients.Meanwhile,agoodnumberofstudieshavefoundthatcurrenttherapiesforHE,suchaslactulose,rifaximin,probioticsandthemolecularadsorbentrecirculatingsystem,couldinhibitdifferenttypesofinflammation,therebyimprovingtheneuropsychiatricmanifestationsandpreventingtheprogressionofHEincirrhoticpatients.TheantiinflammatoryeffectsofthesecurrenttherapiesprovideanoveltherapeuticapproachforcirrhoticpatientswithHE.ThepurposeofthisreviewistodescribetheinflammatorymechanismsbehindtheetiologyofHEincirrhosisanddiscussthecurrenttherapiesthattargettheinflammatorypathogenesisofHE.

简介：ThispaperreportstheuseofAufilmstoimprovetheperformanceofthestackedsolidoxidefuelcell(SOFC)basedonthecharacterizationoftheinterfaceandtheadhesionbetweentheelectrodesoftheSOFCsandtheAgpaste.Thespecimensweremanufacturedtoperformtheexperimentasfollows.ASiO2waferwitha300mmnotchwasattachedtotheelectrodesofaSOFCbyaAgpasteandAufilm,whichweredepositedontheelectrodesbysputteringfor1minor5mindepositiontimeandannealedat300Cfor1h.Thefour-pointbendingtestwasperformed,whichresultedintheformationofanextendedcrackatthetiponthewafernotch,andthecrackpropagationwasobservedusingastereomicroscopeequippedwithacharge-coupleddevice(CCD).Consequently,theinterfacialadhesionenergyandtheeffectoftheAufilmbetweentheeachelectrodeandtheAgpastecanbeevaluated.Onthecathode,theinterfacialadhesionenergywithoutAufilmwas2.59J/m2(uppervalue)andtheadhesionenergyincreasedto11.59J/m2(uppervalue)and15.89J/m2(lowervalue)withtheAufilm.Ontheanode,theinterfacialadhesionenergywithoutAufilmwas1.74J/m2(uppervalue),whichincreasedto11.07J/m2(uppervalue)and14.74J/m2(lowervalue)withtheAufilm.Inaddition,theinterfaceareaswereanalyzedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andenergydispersivespectroscopy(EDS)toestimatetheinterfacedelamination.

简介：BackgroundAtrialfibrillation(AF)isthemostcommonsustainedcardiacarrhythmiawithouteffectivetreatment.AFisassociatedwithatrialconductiondisturbancescausedbyelectricaland/orstructuralremodel-ing.Buttheroleofconnexin(Cx)43intheregulationofLtypecalciumchannel(LCC)remainsunclear.WehypothesizedthatCx43mightco-localizeandregulatetheLtypecalciumchannelcurrent(ICa,L).MethodsReal-timePCRandwhole-cellpatchclampwereusedtodetecttheexpressionofLCC1csubunitandthecurrentdensityofICa,L,beforeandafterCx43knockingdownrespectively.Theco-localizationofCx43withLCCwasinvestigatedbyco-immunoprecipitationandconfocalmicroscopy.ResultsKnockingdownofCx43significantlyinhibitedthecurrentdensityofICa,LthroughdecreasingthegeneexpressionofLCCα1cinculturedatrium-derivedmyocytes(HL-1cells).Cx43co-localizedwithLCCα1csubunitinatrialmyocytes.ConclusionsCx43regulatestheICa,LinatrialmyoctyesthroughLCC,representingapotentialpathogenicmechanisminatrialarrhythmias.

简介：Thecurrentsheathvelocityin0.25TorrgaspressureofFilippovtypeplasmafocusisstudiedexperimentally.Byusingtwotridimensionalmagneticprobesontopoftheanodesurface,thecurrentsheathvelocityismeasuredforargon,oxygenandnitrogen.Additionally,theeffectofchargingvoltageonthecurrentsheathvelocityisstudiedinbothaxialandradialphases.Wefoundthat,themaximumcurrentsheathvelocitiesatbothradialandaxialphasesarerespectively4.33±0.28(cm/μs)and3.92±0.75(cm/μs)withargonastheworkinggasat17kV.Also,theminimumvaluesofcurrentsheathvelocityare1.48±0.15(cm/μs)attheradialphaseand1.14±0.09(cm/μs)attheaxialphasewithoxygenat12kV.Thecurrentsheathvelocityattheradialphaseishigherthanthatattheaxialphaseforallgasesandvoltages.Inthisstudy,variationofthefullwidthhalfmaximum(FWHM)ofmagneticprobesignalswithvoltageisinvestigatedfordifferentgasesatradialandaxialphases.

简介：AnAcousticDopplerCurrentProfiler(ADCP)observationsitewassetupintheWesternSouthYellowSeafrom2012to2013tostudythelocalsuspendedparticlematters(SPM)distributionpattern.TheSPMconcentrationcouldbesemi-quantitativelyrepresentedbybackscatterintensity(Sv),convertedbytheechointensity(EI)ofADCP.ResultsshowtwotypesofSPMinthewatercolumn:thequasi-biologicalSPMandquasi-mineralSPM.Thequasi-biologicalSPMmainlyexistsinsummerhalfyearandisconcentratedabovethethermocline.Ithasperiodicallydiurnalvariationswithhighconcentrationatnightandlowconcentrationinthedaytime.Thequasi-mineralSPMislocatedinlowerpartofthewatercolumn,withsimilarrelationtomonthlytidalcurrentvariationallyearround.However,thedailyquasi-mineralSPMdistributionpatternsvarybetweensummerandwinterhalfyear.Thesunlightisthoughttobetheoriginfactorleadingtothediurnallyverticalmotionofthebiologicalfeatures,whichmightcausethediurnalSvvariation.UnlikeinwinterhalfyearwhentidalcurrentisrelativelysingledrivingforceofthemonthlySPMpattern,thehighspeedcurrentnearthethermoclineisalsoresponsiblefortheconcentrationofquasi-mineralSPMinsummerhalfyear.Thesedimentinputdifferencebetweensummerandwinterhalfyearcontributetothevarieddailyvariationofquasi-mineralSPMwithre-suspendedSPMinwinterandsedimentsfromYellowSeaMudArea(YSMA)insummer.Theseasonalvariationsinhydrodynamics,waterstructureandheavy-windincidentsaretheprimaryfactorsinfluencingthedifferentialseasonalSPMdistributionpatterns.

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简介：附近的中国海和琉球水流上的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流的影响是对物理海洋学的兴趣的一个很重要的题目。为了深深地解释研究进步，用2010年7月由中国科学家做了到2015年5月，下列三个方面在这篇论文被考察。第一在吕宋岛海峡附近使自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流侵入担心进华南海(SCS)和它的发行量。有要解释的二个很重要的点：自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流侵入的季节、内部年度的变化和自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流侵入的机制和在吕宋岛海峡的水流和在北SCS的循环上的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流的影响。第二使有华东海(ECS)的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流和它的相互作用的可变性担心。正在跟随四个有趣的话题被解释：在ECS的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流上的研究的概述；自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流侵入进ECS，水交换，和动态影响；由自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流的滋养的运输的下游的增加；并且由进ECS的自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流侵入的陆上的材料运输上的卫星遥感的申请。第三，在在ECS的琉球水流和自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流之间的相互作用也被讨论。最后，主要结果被总结，进一步的学习的区域简单地被讨论。

简介：由有固有的技巧此处，在房间膜上与高度选择的离子隧道和泵在液体从盐内容产生可观的bioelectricity的生物系统启发了一只充分不能生活的、单个杯子圆锥形的nanopores收获精力被表明。圆锥形的nanopores被显示出被取决于离子散开的方向的电解质集中坡度控制的否定地控告的玻璃里的离子当前的校正(ICR)。ICR的度与向前增加被提高集中差别。当集中坡度相对地被使用时，不平常的校正倒置被观察。有单个nanopore的最大的力量产量接近104 pW。这个灵巧、成本效率的收获精力的系统有潜力驱动干净精力的恢复种的微小的生物医学的设备或构造未来。

简介：当自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流的时间空间的可变性被mesoscale旋涡高度影响，代表它的季节的可变性特征要求足够地长期的观察减少无常。从1987～2010从水道学的观察估计的因地球自转而引起的速度数据和在在中央华东海的PN节的从1993～2008的舷侧ADCP速度数据被收集客观地看季节的可变性。从观察的两种类型，自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流水流的季节的气候学平均数在三个区域展出重要差别，这被发现，它在自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流当前的核心和它的二胁腹位于浅层不到300m，与在在秋天的核心的最弱的东北水流，在春天的正确胁腹上的最强壮的相反的水流，和在秋天的左胁腹上的最强壮的东北水流分别地。自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流水流的季节的变化也展出重要差别在上近海自台湾东面的菲律宾海流向日本的暖流的方面，与在春天和夏天的更大的变化当时在秋天和冬季的更小的变化。为到PN节的当前的平行，到intraseasonal可变性部件的季节的可变性部件的比率为对PN节垂直的水流是比那相对小的。进一步的分析显示在PN节的季节的可变性紧被连接到在上游、下游的当前的可变性。

简介：ThepresentstudywasdesignedtodeterminetheeffectsofGuanfubaseA(GFA)onthelatesodiumcurrent(INa.L),transientsodiumcurrent(INa.T),HERGcurrent(IHERG),andKv1.5current(IKv1.5).ThevaluesofINa.L,INa.T,IHERGandIKv1.5wererecordedusingthewhole-cellpatchclamptechnique.Comparedwithotherchannels,GFAshowedselectiveblockingactivityinlatesodiumchannel.ItinhibitedINa.Linaconcentration-dependentmannerwithanIC50of(1.57±0.14)μmol·L-1,whichwassignificantlylowerthanitsIC50valuesof(21.17±4.51)μmol·L-1fortheINa.T.TheinhibitoryeffectofGFAonINa,Lwasnotaffectedby200μmol·L-1H2O2.ItinhibitedIHERGwithanIC50of(273±34)μmol·L-1andhasslightblockingeffectonIKv1.5,decreasingIKv1.5byonly20.6%at200μmol·L-1.Insummary,GFAinhibitedINa.Lselectivelyandremainedsimilarinhibitioninpresenceofreactiveoxygenspecies..ThesefindingsmaysuggestanovelmolecularmechanismforthepotentialclinicalapplicationofGFAinthetreatmentofcardiovasculardisorders.