简介:Evolutionarycomputationtechniqueshavemostlybeenusedtosolvevariousoptimizationproblems,anditiswellknownthatgraphisomorphismproblem(GIP)isanondeterministicpolynomialproblem.Asimulatedannealing(SA)algorithmfordetectinggraphisomorphismisproposed,andtheproposedSAalgorithmiswellsuitedtodealwithrandomgraphswithlargesize.ToverifythevalidityoftheproposedSAalgorithm,simulationsareperformedonthreepairsofsmallgraphsandfourpairsoflargerandomgraphswithedgedensities0.5,0.1,and0.01,respectively.ThesimulationresultsshowthattheproposedSAalgorithmcandetectgraphisomorphismwithahighprobability.
简介:ThispaperintroducesACvariable-speeddrivingcontroltechnologyapplicationinthecontinuousannealingline,includingthedrivesystemconfiguration,thedrivingcontrolcharacteristicsofCALandthemaincontrolfunctionsofthedrivesystem.Firstlyintroducesthemainprocessofthecontinuousannealingline,thefeaturesofthe6SE70seriescommonDCbusdrivesystemandtheG150seriesdrivesystem.Secondly,forthecontinuousannealingline,therearemorestrictrequirementsforthecontinuityofproductionandmorespecialrequirementsforthedrivecontrolcharacteristics.Wedoalotofimprovementandstandardizationforthedrivingcontrolfunctionsandtheinterfacesofthelineautomationcontrolsystem.Thispaperdiscussesthecommunicationinterfacespecificationsandthedimensiontransformationmethodsbetweenthedriveandthebasicautomationsystem.Thedetaildimensiontransformationmethodsandcalculationmethodaboutthelinespeedsettingandtheactualrollerdimensionsettingaregiven,anddetaildescriptionforthecalculationmethodofthereferencespeedinthedrive.Articlealsoemphasizedillustratesrealizingandtestingmethodsofinertiacompensationofequipmentinthedrives,andstandardizethevalueoflineaccelerateanddeceleraterate,andtheinertiatestmethodandinertiacompensationcoefficientcalculationmethodisintroducedinthispaper.Forthebridgerollersandfurnacehelprollersloadbalancecontrol,thispaperpresentstwodifferentloadbalancecontrolstrategies,theloadbalancecontrolprincipleforbridgerollerswhichdatacommunicatesfrommainstationtoslavestationsbySimolink,andtheloadbalancecontrolprincipleforfurnacehelprollerswhichusedroopcontrol.Thedifferentcharacteristicsofthosetwomethodsarestatedindetail.
简介:Inthispaperasimulatedannealing(SA)algorithmispresentedforthe0/1mul-tidimensionalknapsackproblem.Problem-specificknowledgeisincorporatedinthealgorithmdescriptionandevaluationofparametersinordertolookintotheperfor-manceoffinite-timeimplementationsofSA.ComputationalresultsshowthatSAper-formsmuchbetterthanageneticalgorithmintermsofsolutiontime,whilsthavingamodestlossofsolutionquality.
简介:Incontinuousannealinglines/hotgalvanizing,stripsareguidedbyupperandlowerrollsinanalternateupanddownverticalmotion.Thiskindofprocessconsistingofheating,soaking,andcoolingfurnaces(orzones)hasseveraladvantagesintermsofproductivityandproductquality.Mainproblemsencounteredincontinuousannealinglinesaremisguidingandformationofbuckling.Thestripbucklingcausesthestriptoberejectedand,intheworstcase,thestripbreaksandthecontinuousannealinglinesarecompelledtostop.Inthispapertheelastic-plasticmodelofthestriptravelingandthecorrespondingboundaryconditionwereconstructeddependantonthetheoryofmechanic.Simulationsareperformedintwosteps.First,ahomogeneouslongitudinaltensilestressisappliedatoneendofthestrip,theotherendofthestripandtherollarerestricted.Inthesecondstep,theappliedtensionremainsconstant.Auniformdisplacementisappliedtotheotherendofthestripandarotationtotheroll.Thetransversecompressivestress,thebucklingformationduringstriptravelingprocess,thelocationforthebucklingtakingplaceandthebucklingcriterionwereinvestigatedsystematically.Theresultshowsthatthetransversecompressivestressincreaseswiththeincreaseofthetensilestressandthecrownofthetaperedroll.Becausethecontactareabetweenthetaperedrollandthestripincreasewiththedecreaseofthecrown,thetensilestressdistributionismorehomogeneousinthetransversedirectionofthestrip.Anadditionaltransversecompressivestressiscreatedandabucklingisalsoobservedduetothefrictionduringthestripmotioninthesecondstep.Oncethebucklingisappearance,itisveryhardtoberemovedonlythroughdecreasingtheappliedlongitudinaltension,becausethestripwrinklestillkeepshighlevelduetotheeffectofthebuckledstrip,thewrinklewouldevolveintobucklingeventually.Thebucklingformationprocesspredictedbythefiniteelementmodelisverysimilartothose
简介:Anincreasingnumberofannealingfurnaceshaverecentlybeenusingcheaperandcleanernaturalgas(NG)insteadofliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)asfuelgas.However,thefuelgasofthefurnacesoftenneedstobechangedwhenNGsupplyisnotadequateorwhenLPGbecomescheaper.Usually,changingthefuelgasinvolveschangingvariousequipmentaswellascontrolparametersforinstrumentsandthecontrolsystemandhenceistimeconsuming.Therefore,itisimportanttodevelopaquickprocessforchangingfuelgas.Thisstudydiscussesthetechniquesforquicklychangingfuelgasinanannealingfurnace.Thesetechniquesdealwiththedesignofthepipe,valveandburner,theselectionoftheflowmeterandtheflowcontrolvalve,theswitchofthesoftwareandparametersforthecontrolsystem,aswellastheoperation,commissioningandhottestofthefurnacewhenthefuelgasischanged.Usingthesetechniques,itispossibletochangefuelgasin6h.
简介:散开的磁性和微观结构退火了[Ta/Nd/NdFeB/Nd/Ta]薄电影被调查了。这些电影被在为10min的650℃退火与Nd/NdFeB层(R=0~3.3)的各种各样的厚度比率在Si底层上扔,然后扩散了并且结晶。没有Nd层的电影显示出软磁性的行为和a-Fe阶段的高内容。有R的电影>=1与大约20kOe的高coercivity显示出好难磁性。
简介:Two-dimensionalirregularpolygonspackingproblemisverydifficulttobesolvedintraditionaloptimalway.Simulatedannealing(SA)algorithmisastochasticoptimizationtechniquethatcanbeusedtosolvepackingproblems.ThewholeprocessofSAisintroducedfirstlyinthispaper.AnextendedneighborhoodsearchingmethodinSAismainlyanalyzed.AgeneralmoduleofSAalgorithmisgivenandusedtolayouttheirregularpolygons.Thejudgmentofintersectionandotherconstrainsofirregularpolygonsareanalyzed.ThenanexamplethatwasusedinthepaperofStefanJakobsislisted.ResultsshowthatthisSAalgorithmshortensthecomputationtimeandimprovesthesolution.
简介:Ni83Fe17filmswithathicknessofabout100nmweredepositedonthermaloxidizedsiliconsubstratesatambienttemperature,240,350,and410℃byDCmagnetronsputtering.Thedepositionratewasabout0.11nm/s.Theas-depositedfilmswereannealedat450,550,and650℃,respectively,inavacuumlowerthan3x10-3Pafor1h.TheNi83Fe17filmsmainlygrowwithacrystallineorientationof[111]inthedirectionofthefilmgrowth.Withtheannealingtemperatureincreasing,the[111]orientationenhances.Forfilmsdepositedatallfourdifferenttemperatures,thesignificantimprovementonanisotropicmagnetoresistanceoccursattheannealingtemperaturehigherthan550℃.Butforfilmsdepositedatambienttemperaturesand240℃,theanisotropicmagnetoresistancecanonlyrisetoabout1%after650℃annealing.Forfilmsdepositedat350℃and410℃,theanisotropicmagnetoresistancerisestoabout3.8%after650℃annealing.Theatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM)observationshowsasignificantincreaseingrainsizeofthefilmdepositedat350℃atter650℃annealing.Thedecreaseinresistivityandtheincreaseinanisotropicmagnetoresistancearecausedbythedecreaseinpointdefects,theincreaseingrainsize,andtheimprovementinlatticestructureintegrityofthefilms.
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简介:Weinvestigateeffectsofannealingonmagneticpropertiesofathick(Ga,Mn)Aslayer,andfindadramaticincreaseoftheCurietemperaturefrom65to115Kbypostgrowthannealingfora500-nm(Ga,Mn)Aslayer.AugerelectronspectroscopymeasurementssuggestthattheincreaseoftheCurietemperatureismainlyduetodiffusionofMninterstitialtothefreesurface.Thedouble-crystalx-raydiffractionpatternsshowthatthelatticeconstantof(Ga,Mn)Asdecreaseswithincreasingannealingtemperature.Asaresult,theannealinginducedreductionofthelatticeconstantismainlyattributedtoremovalofMninterstitial.
简介:这些电影的容易的磁化轴与底层平行,这被发现,并且同样劈啪作响、退火的multilayers的磁性在电影飞机是各向同性的。强制的地H//c是4.8kA/m,remanence-to-saturation磁化M//r/M//s的比率是大约0.73为作为--劈啪作响的样品。H//c和M//r/M//s增加温度,增加退火,特别当退火的温度比400度C高时。这些试验性的结果能被使用联合的铁磁性的交换和coercivity的卡住的理论解释。(编辑作者摘要)13个裁判员。
简介:Theeffectofannealingconditiononsputteredindiumtinoxide(ITO)filmsonquartzwiththethicknessof200nmischaracterizedtoshowenhancedopticaltransparencyandoptimizedelectricalcontactresistivity.Theas-depositedgrownITOfilmexhibitsonly65%and80%transmittanceat532and632.8nm,respectively.Afterannealingat475°Cfor15min,theITOfilmisrefinedtoshowimprovedtransmittanceatshorterwavelengthregion.Thetransmittancesof88.1%at532nmand90.4%at632.8nmcanbeobtained.The325-nmtransmittanceofthepost-annealedITOfilmisgreatlyincreasedfrom12.7%to41.9%.Optimizedelectricalpropertycanbeobtainedwhenannealingbelow450°C,leadingtoaminimumsheetresistanceof26Ω/square.SuchanITOfilmwithenhancedultraviolet(UV)transmittancehasbecomeanalternativecandidateforapplicationsincurrentUVphotonicdevices.Themorphologyandconductanceoftheas-depositedandannealedITOfilmsaredeterminedbyusinganatomicforcemicroscopy(AFM),showingagreatchangeontheuniformitydistributionwithfiniteimprovementonthesurfaceconductanceoftheITOfilmafterannealing.
简介:Someofthemaincoolingprocessesandequipmentthatarecurrentlybeingusedinthecontinuousannealingprocessline(CAPL)atBaosteelareintroduced,aswellastheircoolingcontrolmodeltechniques,themodelingprincipiumandtheirapplicationresults.Withchartsindicatingthecontroltrendsinrealprocesses,thepowerfuladjustingabilityofthecontrolmodelswithprocessvariabledifferencesandtheirexcellentcontrolprecisionareshowninthisstudy.
简介:ThemorphoussiliconfilmspreparedbyPECVDatsubstratetemperaturesof30℃havebeencrystallizedbyrapidthermalannealingmethod,thebudgetoftime-temperatureintheannealingprocessis600℃for120s,850℃for120s,and950℃for120s.Theresultsindicatethecrystallizationat850℃and950℃arebetterasshowninmicro-Ramanscatteringandscanningelectronicmicroscope.
简介:TheannealingbehaviorofAgnanoparticlesinsilicawithandwithoutdefectswasinvestigatedinthisstudy.SilicasampleswithandwithoutArionpre-irradiationwereimplantedwithAgionsandthenannealedattemperaturefrom300to850℃.UV-VISspectroscopyandTEMwereusedtocharacterizetheopticalabsorbancepropertyandsizedistributionofAgnanoparticles,respectively.OpticalabsorbanceresultsshowthattheabsorbanceintensityofSPR(SurfacePlasmonResonance,SPR)peakfromAgnanoparticlesinthesamplewithpre-irradiationisstrongerthaninthesamplewithoutpre-irradiation,whichindicatesthatthedefectsproducedbypre-irradiationpromptthenucleationofAgnanoparticles.Duringannealing,theSPRpeakshiftstoshortwavelengthdirection,asshowninFig.1.
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