简介：Axonaldegenerationisapivotalfeatureofmanyneurodegenerativeconditionsandsubstantiallyaccountsforneurologicalmorbidity.AwidelyusedexperimentalmodeltostudythemechanismsofaxonaldegenerationisWalleriandegeneration(WD),whichoccursafteracuteaxonalinjury.Intheperipheralnervoussystem(PNS),WDischaracterizedbyswiftdismantlingandclearanceofinjuredaxonswiththeirmyelinsheaths.Thisisaprerequisiteforsuccessfulaxonalregeneration.Inthecentralnervoussystem(CNS),WDismuchslower,whichsignificantlycontributestofailedaxonalregeneration.Althoughitiswell-documentedthatSchwanncells(SCs)haveacriticalroleintheregenerativepotentialofthePNS,todatewehaveonlyscarceknowledgeastohowSCs‘sense'axonalinjuryandimmediatelyrespondtoit.Inthisregard,itremainsunknownastowhetherSCsplaytheroleofapassivebystanderoranactivedirectorduringtheexecutionofthehighlyorchestrateddisintegrationprogramofaxons.Olderreports,togetherwithmorerecentstudies,suggestthatSCsmountdynamicinjuryresponsesminutesafteraxonalinjury,longbeforeaxonalbreakdownoccurs.TheswiftSCresponsetoaxonalinjurycouldplayeitherapro-degenerativerole,oralternativelyasupportiverole,totheintegrityofdistressedaxonsthathavenotyetcommittedtodegenerate.Indeed,supportingthelatterconcept,recentfindingsinachronicPNSneurodegenerationmodelindicatethatdeactivationofakeymoleculepromotingSCinjuryresponsesexacerbatesaxonalloss.Ifthisholdstrueinabroaderspectrumofconditions,itmayprovidethegroundsforthedevelopmentofnewglia-centrictherapeuticapproachestocounteractaxonalloss.

简介：Objective:ToinvestigatetheeffectsofGinsenosideRb1ontheproliferationofSchwanncellsinculture.Methods:ApplyingMTTassayandThymidineincorporationassay,theeffectsofGinsenosideRb1ontheproliferationofSchwanncellsisolatedfromthesciaticnerveofadultratwerestudied.Results:GinsenosideRb1(10μg/ml)significantlyinducedSchwanncellproliferation,theeffectwassimilartoNGF(50μg/ml).AthighconcentrationsofGinsenosideRb1(1mg/ml),theproliferationofSchwanncellswassignificantlyinhibited.Conclusions:GinsenosideRb1attheoptimalconcentratiosisfoundtobeeffectiveininducingtheproliferationofSchwanncells,butathigherconcentrationsthedrugiscytotoxicforSchwanncells.

简介：EnhancingSchwanncellproliferationmaybebeneficialforperipheralnerverepairandnerveregeneration.AtraditionalherbalformulacomposedofFuling(poriacocos),Baizhu(Atractylodesmacrocephala),andDanggui(Angelicasinensis)(FBD)improvesneuronalsurvivalandgrowth,andFBDmaypromotethesecretionofbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor.However,themechanismunderlyingSchwanncellproliferationremainsunclear.WetestedwhetherFBDenhancedtheproliferationofhumanSchwanncells.FBD(20μg/mL)increasedSchwanncellviabilityandsurvival,andincreasedthenumberofcellsatG2/MandSphases.FBDalsoincreasednervegrowthfactorandbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactorexpressioninSchwanncells,withmaximumefficacyat20μg/mL.

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简介：BACKGROUND:Duetothelackofautografttransplantrejection,Schwanncells(SCs)canpromotetheproliferationofembryonicstemcellsandtheinductionofdopaminergicneurons.Mesencephalicstemcellscanbeinducedtoproducedopaminergicneurons.Thetherapeuticeffectsofco-graftsofSCsandneuralstemcells(NSCs)deservesfurtherstudyandverificationinParkinsoniananimalmodels.OBJECTIVE:ToinvestigatetheeffectsofSchwanncellsandmesencephalicNSCco-graftsinParkinsoniananimalmodelsonanimalbehaviorandhistology.DESIGN:Randomizedcontrolledexperiment.SETTING:FudanUniversity;InstituteofNeuroscience,ChineseAcademyofSciences.MATERIALS:ThefollowinganimalswereobtainedfromtheExperimentalAnimalCenter,ShanghaiInstituteforBiologicalScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences:5Sprague-Dawleyrats,embryonicday(E)13-16;16neonatalSprague-Dawleyrats,postnatalday1-3;and18adultSDratsofbothgenders.Animalexperimentationmetanimalethicalapproval.METHODS:TheexperimentwasperformedattheDepartmentofAnatomy,HistologyandEmbryology,ShanghaiMedicalCenter,FudanUniversityfromSeptember2005toJanuary2007.ThemesencephalicNSCswereobtainedfromthebrainsofSDratsatE13-16,andSCswereharvestedfromthesciaticnervesofneonatalratsatday1-3.Hemiparkinsonianrats(n=18)wereselectedfortransplantationafterestimatingrotationalbehaviorinresponsetoapomorphineandwererandomlyassignedtothreegroups:controlgroup,NSCgroup,andco-graftgroup.Therewere6ratsineachgroup.Eitherphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS),NSCs,orSCsplusNSCsweretransplantedintotherightneostriatumofParkinsonianrats,respectively.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:①Rotationalbehaviorwasinducedbyapomorphine(0.05mg/kg,i.p.)2,4,6,8,and10weeksaftertransplantation,andthenumberofrotationswerecounted.②Differentiationandsurvivalofdopaminergicneuronsintherightneostriatumwerequantifiedbytyrosinehydroxylaseimmu

简介：cAMPsignalingandthecontrolofSchwanncellfate:Theubiquitoussecondmessengercyclicadenosinemonophosphate(cAMP)controlsavarietyofcellularresponsesinacelltype-specificandstimulus-dependentmannerthroughanelaboratenetworkofsignalingintermediariesthatconnectstimulationofcellmembranereceptors(typicallyG

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheexpressionofneurotrophin-3(NT-3)geneinSchwanncellsofratsciaticnerveintroducedbyanadenovirusvectorinvivo.Methods:ArecombinantadenovirusvectorforNT-3(Ad-NT-3)waspropagatedin293packagingcellsandtiteredwithtissuecultureinfectiousdose50(TCID50).Ad-NT-3wasinjecteddirectlyintotheratsciaticnerveaftertransectionandimmediaterepair.ImmunohistochemicalstainingwasemployedtodeterminetheexpressionofNT-3inSchwanncellsinratsciaticnerveandtheexpressiveintensityofthetissueslicesofthesciaticnervewasmeasuredwithLEICAM550imageanalysissystem.Results:Onthe2nddayafterinjectionofAd-NT-3,positivestainintheSchwanncellswasapparentinthevicinityofanastomosis.NT-3expressionincreasedsignificantlyonthe7thday(P<0.01)andthendecreased14-28daysafterinjection(P<0.01).TherewasnosignificantdifferenceofNT-3expressionbetweenthe14thand28thdaygroups(P>0.05).Comparedwiththe2nddaygroup,the14thand28thdaygroupsstillmaintainedarelativelyhighlevelofNT-3(P<0.01).Intactandrepairednerves,whichwereinjectedwithadenovirusencodingLacZgenes(Ad-LacZ)orphysiologicalsalineservedascontrols,showednoNT-3-positiveSchwanncells.Conclusions:AnadenovirusvectorcanbeusedtoinduceefficientlytheexpressionofNT-3geneinSchwanncellsofratperipheralnervesfollowingnerveinjuryandrepair,whichsuggeststhatneurotrophicfactorscanbeintroducedintoSchwanncellswithanadenovirusvectortopromoteperipheralnerveregeneration.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatethedifferentiativecapabilityofadulthumanbonemarrowmesenchymalstemcells(BMSCs)intoSchwann-likecells.Methods:BonemarrowswereaspiratedfromhealthydonorsandmononuclearcellswereseparatedbyPercolllymphocytesseparationliquid(1.073g/ml)withcentrifugation,cellswereculturedinDMEM/F12(1:1)mediumcontaining10%fetalbovineserum(FBS),20ng/mlepidermalgrowthfactor(EGF)and20ng/mlbasicfibroblastgrowthfactor(bFGF).Cellsofpassage1wereidentifiedwithimmunocytochemistry.Conclusions:BonemarrowcontainsthestemcellswiththeabilityofdifferentiatingintoSchwann-likecells,whichmayrepresentanalternativestemcellsourcesforneuraltransplantation.

简介：Guidedtissueregenerationisanewapproachinthereconstructivesurgeryofperipheralnerves.Biomimeticconductswereconstructfromtheexpandedveinonwhoseinnersurfacecompositedwithamnionfilaments(cf.Fig1).

简介：ASchwanncellhasregenerativecapabilitiesandisanimportantcellintheperipheralnervoussystem.ThismicroarraystudyispartofabioinformaticsstudythatfocusesmainlyonSchwanncells.Microarraydataprovideinformationondifferencesbetweenmicroarray-basedandexperiment-basedgeneexpressionanalyses.Accordingtomicroarraydata,severalgenesexhibitincreasedexpression(foldchange)buttheyareweaklyexpressedinexperimentalstudies(basedonmorphology,proteinandmRNAlevels).Incontrast,somegenesareweaklyexpressedinmicroarraydataandhighlyexpressedinexperimentalstudies;suchgenesmayrepresentfuturetargetgenesinSchwanncellstudies.Thesestudiesallowustolearnaboutadditionalgenesthatcouldbeusedtoachievetargetedresultsfromexperimentalstudies.Inthecurrentbigdatastudybyretrievingmorethan5000scientificarticlesfromPubMedorNCBI,GoogleScholar,andGoogle,1016(up-anddownregulated)genesweredeterminedtoberelatedtoSchwanncells.However,noexperimentwasperformedinthelaboratory;rather,thepresentstudyispartofabigdataanalysis.OurstudywillcontributetoourunderstandingofSchwanncellbiologybyaidingintheidentificationofgenes.Basedonacomparativeanalysisofallmicroarraydata,weconcludethatthemicroarraycouldbeagoodtoolforpredictingtheexpressionandintensityofdifferentgenesofinterestinactualexperiments.

简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofnervegrowthfactor(NGF)andSchwanncellsonaxonregenerationoftheinferioralveolarnervefollowingmandibularlengtheningwithdistractionosteogenesis.Methods:Unilateralmandibularosteodistractionwasperformedin9healthyadultmalegoatswithadistractionrateof1mm/d.Every3goatswerekilledondays7,14and28aftermandibularlengthening,respectively.TheinferioralveolarnervesinthedistractioncalluswereharvestedandprocessedforultrastructuralandNGFimmunohistochemicalstudy.Theinferioralveolarnervesfromthecontralateralsidewereusedascontrols.Results:Onday7afterdistraction,axondegenerationandSchwanncellproliferationwereobserved,andverystrongstainingofNGFinthedistractednervewasdetected.Onday14afterdistraction,axonregenerationandremyelinationwereeasilyobserved,andNGFexpressionstartedtodecline.Onday28afterdistraction,thegrayscaleofNGFimmunoreactivityrecoveredtothenormalvalueandtheSchwanncellsalmostrecoveredtotheirnormalstate.Conclusions:Gradualmandibularosteodistractioncanresultinmildormoderateaxondegenerationoftheinferioralveolarnerve.NervetraumamaystimulatetheproliferationofSchwanncellsandpromotethesynthesisandsecretionofNGFintheSchwanncells.SchwanncellsandNGFmightplayimportantrolesinaxonregenerationoftheinjuredinferioralveolarnervefollowingmandibularlengthening.

简介：MicroRNAs(miRNAs)aresmall,non-codingRNAsthatnegativelyadjustgeneexpressioninmultifariousbiologicalprocesses.However,theregulatoryeffectsofmiRNAsonSchwanncellsremainpoorlyunderstood.PreviousmicroarrayanalysisresultshaveshownthatmiRNAexpressionisalteredfollowingsciaticnervetransaction,therebyaffectingproliferationandmigrationofSchwanncells.ThisstudyinvestigatedwhethermiR-148b-3pcouldregulatemigrationofSchwanncellsbydirectlytargetingcullin-associatedandneddylation-dissociated1(Cand1).Up-regulatedexpressionofmiR-148b-3ppromotedSchwanncellmigration,whereassilencingofmiR-148b-3pinhibitedSchwanncellmigrationinvitro.FurtherexperimentsconfirmedthatCandlwasadirecttargetofmiR-148b-3p,andCandlknockdownreversedsuppressionofthemiR-148b-3pinhibitoronSchwanncellmigration.TheseresultssuggestedthatmiR-148b-3ppromotedmigrationofSchwanncellsbydirectlytargetingCandlinvitro.

简介：摘要目的探究水痘-带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus, VZV)对人Schwann细胞(human Schwann cells, hSC)朊蛋白(cellular prion protein, PrPC)糖基化特征的影响，及甲钴胺(methylcobalamin, MeB12)的调节作用。方法以感染复数1.0的VZV感染细胞48 h，加入250 μg/ml的MeB12培养48 h，用抗体3F4分别包被上清和沉淀中PrPC，凝集素-ELISA法筛查PrPC的糖基化特征，并测定上清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活性与丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量。结果VZV感染组细胞上清与沉淀中的PrPC聚糖比例与未感染组比较有明显变化，总聚糖比分别为1∶1.5和1∶2.6(F＝24.18，P<0.001, LSD-t＝8.27, P<0.001)，提示VZV感染后PrPC稳定性下降，相应的SOD活性(4.43±2.05 U/mg)与未感染组(14.23±1.27 U/mg)比较明显下降(F＝18.19, P＝0.001, LSD-t＝6.54, P<0.001)，MDA水平(11.17±1.89 nmol/mg)与未感染组(3.73±0.35 nmol/mg)比较明显升高(F＝30.70, P<0.001, LSD-t＝8.25, P<0.001)，差异均有统计学意义。加入MeB12后，VZV感染细胞沉淀中的聚糖较VZV感染未加药组有明显增加，总聚糖比为1∶2.4，提示MeB12增强了PrPC的稳定性，相应地SOD活性明显增高(11.07±2.07 U/mg, LSD-t＝4.42, P ＝0.002)，MDA水平明显下降(5.23±0.96 nmol/mg, LSD-t＝6.58, P<0.001)，与感染未加MeB12组比较差异有统计学意义。结论VZV可改变hSC中PrPC的糖基化特征，而MeB12可调节PrPC的糖基化特征，增强PrPC的稳定性，从而提高hSC的抗氧化能力。