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简介：血浆nitrocarburizing和血浆氧化处理被执行改进wear和SKD61钢的腐蚀抵抗。血浆nitrocarburizing在生产epsilon-Fe2_3的氮，氢和甲烷空气在540°C为12h被进行(N，C)血浆nitrocarburising生产的phase.The混合物层主要由电子阶段组成，与gamma'-Fe4的一个小比例(N，C)复合的层和扩散层的phase.The厚度是大约10亩m和大约200/^m，respectively.Plasma柱子氧化为1h.The在500°C的经常的温度与各种各样的氧/氢比率在nitrocarburized样品上被执行在在复合的层上的厚度的1-2亩m的很薄的磁铁矿(Fe3O4)层被获得。阳极极化测试表明那个血浆nitrocarburizing过程贡献了SKD61钢的腐蚀抵抗的重要改进。然而，nitrocarburized混合物层的腐蚀特征被氧化处理败坏。

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简介：Theelectrostaticsheathwithacylindricalgeometryinanion-electronplasmaisinvestigated.AssumingaBoltzmannresponsetoelectronsandcoldionswithbulkflow,itisshownthattheradiusofthecylindricalgeometrydonotaffectthesheathpotentialsignificantly.Wealsofoundthatthesheathpotentialprofileissteeperinthecylindricalsheathcomparedtotheslabsheath.Thedistinctfeatureofthecylindricalsheathisthattheiondensitydistributionisnotmonotonous.Thesheathregioncanbedividedintothreeregions,twoascendantregionsandonedescendantregion.

简介：AprototypeofPulsedPlasmaArcCladdingsystemwasdeveloped,inwhichsinglepowersourcesuppliesbothtransferredplasmaarc(TPA)andnon-transferredplasmaarc(N-TPA).BothplasmasworkinturninahighfrequencycontrolledbyanIGBTconnectingnozzleandworkpiece.TheworkingfrequencyofIGBTrangesfrom50～7000Hz,inwhichtheplasmascanworkinturnsmoothly.Higherthan500HzofworkingfrequencyissuggestedforpromotionofcladdingqualityandprotectionofIGBT.DragphenomenonofTPAintensifiesasthefrequencygoesup,whichtendstoincreasethecurrentproportionofTPAandsuppressN-TPA.TheoccupationratioofIGBTcanberegulatedfrom5%～95%,whichbalancesthepowersuppliesofbothplasmas.Anoccupationratiohigherthan50%givesadequateproportionofarccurrentforN-TPAtopreheatpowder.

简介：Thegenerationofplasmawhichcanabsorbmicrowavesiscurrentlyaresearchtopicofinterest.Thiskindofplasmaisoftenproducedbythedischargeorelectron-beamimpactofnoblegases.Inthispaperanalternaticeapproach,combustionplasma,isstudied.Theplasmaisproducedbycombustingsolidgrainspreparedspecially.Sixgroupsofpowdersweremadeandusedtogeneratetheplasma.Thetransmissivityofthewaveinplasmawasmeasuredbyemployingamicrowavescalarnetworkanalysersystem.Inaddition,theelectrondensityandthecollisionfrequencyoftheplasmawereexaminedbymicrowavedouble-frequencydiagnosis.Themeasurementresultsshowedthattheplasmacouldabsorbmicrowavesremarkablywithanaveragetransmissionattenuationbeingmorethan18dBinafrequencyrangeof2GHzto15GHz.Thediagnosisindicatedthattheelectrondensityoftheplasmavariedfrom10~(17)m~(-3)to10~(19)m~(-3)andthecollisionfrequencywasabout5×10~(10)s~(-1).

简介：高密度的RF离子来源是一个中立横梁注射者的必要部分。在这研究，作者试图由通过分泌物房间的对称的轴插入一个薄绝缘的试管翻新一个原来的常规RF离子来源反应堆。在这个内胎的帮助下，反应堆能够产生一个光线的磁场而不是原来的横向的磁场，它解决E????

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简介：Plasmasourceperformanceparameters,includingplasmaejectiondensityandvelocity,greatlyaffecttheoperationofashort-conduction-timeplasmaopeningswitch(POS).Inthispaper,theplasmasourceusedinthePOSofQiangguangIgeneratorischosenasthestudyobject.AtfirstthePOSworkingprocessisanalyzed.TheresultshowsthattheopeningperformanceofthePOScanbeimprovedbyincreasingtheplasmaejectionvelocityanddecreasingtheplasmadensity.Theinfluenceofthecableplasmagunstructureandnumberontheplasmaejectionparametersisexperimentallyinvestigatedwithtwochargecollectors.Finallyasemi-empiricalmodelisproposedtodescribetheexperimentalphenomenon.

简介：Opticalemissionspectroscopy(OES)wasappliedforplasmacharacterizationduringtheerosionofasphaltenesubstrates.Anamountof100mgofasphaltenewascarefullyappliedtoanelectrodeandexposedtoair-plasmaglowdischargeatapressureof1.0Torr.Theplasmawasgeneratedinastainlesssteeldischargechamberbyanacgeneratoratafrequencyof60Hz,outputpowerof50Wandagasflowrateof1.8L/min.Theelectrontemperatureandiondensitywereestimatedtobe2.15±0.11eVand(1.24±0.05)×1016m-3,respectively,usingadoubleLangmuirprobe.OESwasemployedtoobservetheemissionfromtheasphalteneexposedtoairplasma.BothmolecularbandemissionfromN2,N+2,OH,CH,NH,O2aswellasCN,andatomiclightemissionfromVandHγwereobservedandusedtomonitortheevolutionofasphalteneerosion.Theasphalteneerosionwasanalyzedwiththeaidofascanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)equippedwithanenergydispersiveX-ray(EDX)detector.TheEDXanalysisshowedthatthetimeevolutionofelementsC,O,SandVweresimilar;andthechemicalcompositionoftheexposedasphaltenesremainedconstant.Particlesizeevolutionwasmeasured,showingamaximumsizeof2307μmafter60min.Thisbehaviorismostlikelyrelatedtoparticleagglomerationasafunctionoftime.

简介：Thisreviewbeginswithabriefcommentaryonthediversityofplacentationmechanisms,andthengoesontoexaminetheextensivealterationswhichoccurintheplasmamembraneofuterineepithelialcellsduringearlypregnancyacrossspecies.Ultrastructural,biochemicalandmoregeneralmorphologicaldatarevealthatstrikinglycommonphenomenaoccurinthisplasmamembraneduringearlypregnancydespitethediversityofplacentaltypes-fromepitheliochorialtohemochorial,whichultimatelyformindifferentspecies.Toencapsulatetheconceptthatcommonmorphologicalandmolecularalterationsoccuracrossspecies,thattheyarefoundbasolaterallyaswellasapically,andthatmoreovertheyareanongoingprocessduringmuchofearlypregnancy,notjustaneventatthetimeattachment,braneduringearlypregnancyarekeytouterinereceptivity.

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简介：Aspectraldiagnosticsofcomplexareplasmausingmultiplespectralinformationofareself-emittingispro-posed.Thismethodisabletosimultaneouslydeterminecomponentdensities,thecorrespondingtemperatureandtheirdis-tributionsbyafewlineintensitiesmeasurent.Theprincipleofthemethodandtherelevantmeasuringsystemarede-scribed.Anequationsystemisestablishedforcomputationofthestatevariablesinareplasma.Anexperimentunderweldingareconditionismadeasanapplicationofthemethod.Theeffectsofprobableerrorsourcesonthemeasurementarealsoanalysed.

简介：ExtendedalgorithmhasbeendevelopedforablationratecalculationsofLi,Be,BimpuritypelletsandfivecombinationsofsolidisotopichydrogenicH2,HD,D2,DT,T2pellets.Numericalcalculationshavebeenperformedforreactorrelevantplasma.

简介：HL-2Atokamakisthefirstnon-circularcross-sectiontokamakwithdivertorinChina.ApartfromboundarytransportandSOLstudy,theHL-2AmajorsubjectistoinvestigatetheimprovementofconfinementwithhighparametersandalotoffrontphysicsandrelevantengineeringtechniquesbyuseofitsspecialCloseddivertorwithlargevolumeinChina.

简介：Theissueofimpulsivesynchronizationofthecoupledchaoticlaserplasmasystemisinvestigated.Anewframeworkforimpulsivesynchronizationofsuchchaoticsystemsispresented,whichmakesthesynchronizationerrorsystemalinearimpulsivecontrolsystem.Wederivesomesufficientconditionsforthesynchronizationofalaserplasmasystemviaimpulsivecontrolwiththevaryingimpulsiveintervals,whichallowsustoderivetheimpulsivesynchronizationlaweasily.Toillustratetheeffectivenessoftheproposedresults,twonumericalexamplesaregiven.

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简介：Solitarywavesinrelativisticelectromagneticplasmasareobtainednumerically.Thelongitudinalmomentumofelectronshasbeentakenintoaccountintheproblem.Itisfoundthatinthemovingframewithelectromagneticfieldpropagatingthesolitarywavescanexistinbothcases,wherethevectorpotentialfrequencyislargerorsmallerthantheplasmacharacteristicfrequency.