简介：NotoginsenosideR10,anovelhexanordammaraneglycosidewasisolatedfromtherootsofPanaxnototginseng,asaminorconstituent.Itsstructurewasdeterminedas6-O-(b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3b,6a,12b-trihydroxy-22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordammaran-20-one(1),bymeansofspectroscopicmethods.

简介：ThisworkprovidessomeevidencesforthesaponinproductionofPanaxnotoginsengcallusbyusingbiologi-callyactive,wall-relatedoligosaccharins.Inanappropriateconcentration,threekindsofoligosaccharinsstimulatedsaponinformationorcallusgrowth.TheconcentrationofDO,GOandCOforsaponinproductionofPanaxnotoginsengcallusculturewere15ppm,15ppmaud20ppmrespectivelybycomparingsaponinyield.ItwasveryobviousforDOtoincreasesaponincontentwhentheconcentrationwas10ppm,andforGOtostimulatecallusgrowthwhentheconcentrationwas20ppm.Itwouldbeagoodwaytoproducesaponinbyusingoligosaccharinsinlargescalecultureinthefuture.

简介：一个直角的图案被用来作为模板优化SSR-PCR扩大系统usingPanax人参genomicDNA。五个因素(DNA模板，TaqDNApolymerase，Mg~(2+)，教材，和dNTP)和退火的温度的四个层次在thissystem独立被测试了。结果证明反应效率被这些因素影响。放大aginsengSSR地点的基于的在结果，一个马厩，生产、可再现的PCR系统和骑车的节目被获得：包含1.0UTaqDNA聚合酶的20μL系统，2.0mmol·L~(-1)Mg~(2+),0.2mmol·L~(-1)dNTPs，0.3μmol·L~(-1)SSR教材，60ng·μL~(-1)DNA模板，用94的一个程序表现了为5的℃min，为30s的94℃，为30s在56.3℃退火，为1min的72℃，37个周期，为7min在72℃完成，并且在4℃存储。

简介：ThisworkprovidessomeevidencesforthesaponinproductionofPanaxnotoginsengcallusbyusingbiologicallyactive,wall-relatedoligosaccharins.Inanappropriateconcentration,threekindsofoligosaccharinsstimulatedsaponinformationofcallusgrowth.TheconcentrationofDO,GOandCOforsaponinproductionofPanaxnotoqinsengcallusculturewere15ppm,15ppmaud20ppmrespectivelybycomparingsaponinyield,ItwasveryobviousforDOtoincreasesaponincontentwhentheconcentrationwas10ppm,andforGOtostimulatecallusgrowthwhentheconcentrationwas20ppm,Itwouldbeagoodwaytoproducesapoinbyusingoligosaccharinsinlargescalecultureinthefuture.

简介：Introduction　　PanaxquinquefoliumL.BelongstothePanaxgenusoftheAraliaceae.ItoriginatesinAmericaandCanada.Itsroots,afamousandexpensivetraditionalChinesemedicinalmaterial,havebeenstudiedcontinuallysinceitssuccessfulcultivationinChinainthe1970s.Inrecentyearsthedevelopmentandutilizationresearchesofitsaerialpart,whichwasabandonedinthepast,havebeenconducted.Theconstituentstudiesontheleaves,stemsandfruitshavebeenreported.Butnoinformationabouttheflowerbudshasbeenfoundinliteratures.TheauthorshavereportedastudyaboutthechemicalconstituentsoftheflowerbudsoftheP.QuinquefoliumcultivatedinChina.Inthepresentworktwoflavonoids(namelykaempferolandpanasenoside)intheflowerbudsoftheP.QuinquefuliumcultivatedinChinawereextracted,isolated,andidentified.Sincethemedicinalmaterialswereprocessedwithanunusualtreatment,thecontentdeterminationofthemonomericandtotalflavonoidinthedifferentpartswereperformedcorrectlywiththemethodsofdual-wavelengthTLC-scan,andUV-absorption,anditwasdiscoveredthattherewereflavonoidsintherootsandfruitsoftheP.Quinquefolium.ThescientificbasiswasprovidedfortheutilizationoftheflowerbudsandotherpartsresourcesoftheP.

简介：GinsenosidesRg1,Re,Rb1,Rc,Rb2,Rb3,andRdindifferentpartsoftheAmericanginsengplantwereinvestigated.Theextractionprocesswasapressurizedmicrowave-assistedextraction(PMAE).Thesevenginsenosideswereseparatedanddeterminedbyhigh-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC)withaultraviolet(UV)detector,at203nm.TheexperimentresultsshowedsignificantvariationsintheindividualginsenosidecontentsoftheAmericanginsengindifferentpartsandagesoftheplant.Theresultsdemonstratedthattheleaves,roothairs,andrhizomesofPanaxquinquefoliusL.containedhigherginsenosidecontents,followedbythemainrootsandstems.TheleavescontaineddramaticallyhigherlevelsofginsenosideRg1,Rb3,andRdthantheotherfourparts.HighercontentsofRb1andRewerepresentinthemainroots,roothairs,andrhizomes.Theamountofginsenosidecontentinthestemswasthelowest.Thetotalcontentofthesevenginsenosidesinmainroots,roothairsandrhizomesincreasedwiththeageoftheplant.Incontrast,theginsenosidecontentsintheleavesandstemsdecreasedwithayearofgrowth.

简介：Panaxnotoginsengsaponins(PNS)arethemajorcomponentsofPanaxnotoginseng,withmultiplepharmacologicalactivitiesbutpoororalbioavailability.PNScouldbemetabolizedbygutmicrobiotainvitro,whiletheexactroleofgutmicrobiotaofPNSmetabolisminvivoremainspoorlyunderstood.Inthisstudy,pseudogerm-freeratmodelswereconstructedbyusingbroad-spectrumantibioticstovalidatethegutmicrobiota-mediatedtransformationofPNSinvivo.Moreover,ahighperformanceliquidchromatography-electrosprayionizationtandemmassspectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)wasdevelopedforquantitativeanalysisoffourmetabolitesofPNS,includingginsenosideF1(GF1),ginsenosideRh2(GRh2),ginsenosidecompoundK(GCK)andprotopanaxatriol(PPT).Theresultsshowedthatthefourmetabolitescouldbedetectedinthecontrolratplasma,whiletheycouldnotbedeterminedinpseudogerm-freeratplasma.TheresultsimpliedthatPNScouldnotbebiotransformedeffectivelywhengutmicrobiotawasdisrupted.Inconclusion,gutmicrobiotaplaysanimportantroleinbiotransformationofPNSintometabolitesinvivo.

简介：Thepanaxnotoginsengsaponin(PNS)hadbeenclinicallyusedforthetreatmentofcardiovasculardiseasesandstrokeinChina.IthadbeendemonstratedthatPNScouldprotectcardiomyocytesfrominjuryinducedbyischemi-a,buttheunderlyingmolecularmechanismsofthisprotectiveeffectwerestillunclear.ThisstudywasaimedtoinvestigatetheprotectiveeffectandmolecularmechanismsofPNSonapoptosisinH9c2cellsinvitroandratmyocardialischemiainjurymodelinvivo.Annexin-V/PIassayshewthatPNScouldprotectH9c2cellsfromapoptosisinducedbyserum,glucoseandoxygendeprivation(SGOD)inadose-dependentmanner.However,theanti-apoptoticeffectofPNSwasreversedbyLY294002,aspecificPI3Kinhibitor.ThisantiapoptoticeffectofPNSwasconfirmedbyJC-1,aspecificprobeofmitochondrialmembranepotentialstaining.PNScouldsignificantlyincreasephos-AktinH9c2cellsbyWesternblotassaysanditseffectcouldbeinhibitedbyLY294002.Furthermore,PNScouldimproveischemic-inducedleftventricularfunctionasreflectedbyEF,LVDdandLVDs.PNScouldalsoinhibitedcellularapoptosisinmyocardialtissuesinischemicratsbyTUNELassay.PNSadministrationalsoincreasedtheexpressionofphos-Aktinratischemicmyocardialtissues.TheseresultssuggestedthatPNScouldprotectmyocardialcellsfromapoptosisinducedbyischemiainvitromodelandinvivomodelthroughactivating-PI3K/AktsignalpathwaywhichmaybemeaningfulforfurtherunderstandingthemolecularmechanismsofcardiacprotectionofPNS.Andtheresultsmightbeusefulintreatmentofmyocardialischemiainfuture.

简介：性健康或可勃起的机能障碍(编辑)现状指南提供常规药方或另外的著名外来的治疗的彻底的概述选择。在过去的10-15年，然而，国际研究人员的过多证实了单个、全面的生活方式变化能阻止并且潜在地改善我们考察的编辑应该等同分级A或为我们也考察的编辑铺平1个证据建议的生活方式证据为人参属人参的证据，一普通(OTC)有实验室调查，在约15年的多重积极使随机化的审判和几i的35年的历史的饮食的补充也许现在是至少在编辑指南讨论并且甚至强调生活方式和另外的非常规的干预以便病人们能探索的时间多种潜在地，与他们的医生和罐头一起的synergistic选择改进他们生活的质量和数量。例如，在编辑指南在生活方式修正上忽略一致、积极数据等于忽略食谱和生活方式变化减少风险或改善心血管的疾病。