简介：Thisstudyaimedtoexploretheroleofmechanicaltensioninhypertrophicscarsandthechangeinnervedensityusinghematoxylin-eosinstainingandS100immunohistochemistry,andtoobservetheexpressionofnervegrowthfactorbywesternblotanalysis.Theresultsdemonstratedthatmechanicaltensioncontributedtotheformationofahyperplasticscarinthebackskinofrats,inconjunctionwithincreasesinbothnervedensityandnervegrowthfactorexpressioninthescartissue.Theseexperimentalfindingsindicatethatthecutaneousnervoussystemplaysaroleinhypertrophicscarformationcausedbymechanicaltension.

简介：Todeterminethevalueofdissectingtherecurrentlaryngealnerveduringthyroidsurgerywithrespecttopreventingrecurrentlaryngealnerveinjury,weretrospectivelyanalyzedclinicaldatafrom5344patientsundergoingthyroidectomy.Amongthesecases,548underwentdissectionoftherecurrentlaryngealnerve,while4796didnot.Therewere12casesofrecurrentlaryngealnerveinjuryfollowingrecurrentlaryngealnervedissection(injuryrateof2.2%)and512casesofrecurrentlaryngealnerveinjuryinthosenotundergoingnervedissection(injuryrateof10.7%).Thisdifferenceremainedstatisticallysignificantbetweenthetwogroupsintermsoftypeofthyroiddisease,typeofsurgery,andnumberofsurgeries.Amongthe548casesundergoingrecurrentlaryngealnervedissection,128developedanatomicalvariationsoftherecurrentlaryngealnerve(incidencerateof23.4%),butnorecurrentlaryngealnerveinjurywasfound.Inaddition,theincidenceofrecurrentlaryngealnerveinjurywassignificantlylowerinpatientswiththeinferiorparathyroidglandandmiddlethyroidveinsusedaslandmarksforlocatingtherecurrentlaryngealnervecomparedwiththosewiththeentryoftherecurrentlaryngealnerveintothelarynxasalandmark.Thesefindingsindicatethatanatomicalvariationsoftherecurrentlaryngealnervearecommon,andthatdissectingtherecurrentlaryngealnerveduringthyroidsurgeryisaneffectivemeansofpreventingnerveinjury.

简介：Thecutaneousnerveentrapmentsyndromeisnamedthat,thecutaneousnerve'sfunctionaldisordercausedbysomechronicentrapment,moreoverappearsaseriesofnerve'sfeelingobstacle,vegetativenervefunctionobstacle,nutritionobstacle,evenmotorfunctionobstacleinvariousdegree.

简介：Facialnervehemangiomasarerarebenignvasculartumorswithprimarysymptomsincludingprogressivefacialnervepalsyandhearingloss.Theycaninvolvevarioussegmentsofthefacialnerve,especiallythegeniculateganglion(G.G.).PreoperativeMRIandCTimaginingisofgreatimportanceforearlydiagnosisofsuchlesions.Themostacceptedtreatmentforfacialnervehemangiomasissurgicalexcision1andthetypeofapproachdependsontumorlocation,preoperativehearinglevelandtumorsize.Inconsiderationofthedifficultiesindifferentialdiagnosis,otologistsshouldpayattentiontoavoidmissedorincorrectdiagnosisinhemangiomasoffacialnerve.

简介：Nerveguidanceconduits(NGCs)canprovidesuitablemicroenvironmentfornerverepairandpromotetheproliferationandmigrationofSchwanncells(SCs).Thus,wedevelopednerveguidanceconduits(NGCs)withpolypyrrole-coatedpoly-caprolactonenanoyarns(PPy-PCL-NYs)asfillersinthisstudy.PCL-NYswiththeorientedstructurewerepreparedwithadouble-needleelectrospinningsystemandthenPPywascoatedonPCL-NYsviatheinsituchemicalpolymerization.Subsequently,PCLnanofiberswerecollectedaroundnanoyarnsbytheconventionalelectrospinningprocessastheouterlayertoobtainPPy-PCL-NYnerveguidanceconduits(PPy-PCL-NYNGCs).PPy-PCL-NYswereanalyzedbySEM,FTIRandXPS.ResultsshowedthatPPywashomogeneouslyanduniformlydepositedonthesurfaceofPCL-NY.Strain-stresscurvesandtheYoung’smodulusofPPy-PCL-NYswereinvestigatedcomparedwiththoseofnon-coatedPCL-NYs.StudiesonbiocompatibilitywithSCsindicatedthatPPy-PCL-NYNGCsweremoreconducivetotheproliferationofSCsthanPCL-NYNGCs.Insummary,PPy-PCL-NYNGCsshowthepromisingpotentialfornervetissueengineeringrepairandregeneration.

简介：BACKGROUND:Pattern-visualevokedpotential(PVEP)canreflectthefunctionalstatusofretinalganglialcells(RGC)andvisualcortex,andisanobjectiveexaminationforvisualpathwayfunction.Itisauniquemethodforobjectivelyexaminingtheopticnervefunctionofopticganglioncells.OBJECTIVE:Toobservetheeffectsofnervegrowthfactor(NGF)onPVEFinthetreatmentofopticnervecontusion,evaluatetheclinicalefficacyofNGF,andmakeanefficacycomparisonwithvitaminB12.DESIGN:Arandomlygrouping,controlledobservation.SETTING:DepartmentofOphthalmology,TangshanGongrenHospitalAffiliatedtoHebeiMedicalUniversity.PARTICIPANTS:Fortypatientswithopticnervecontusioncausedbyeyetrauma,whoreceivedthetreatmentintheTangshanWorkerHospitalAffiliatedtoHebeiMedicalUniversitybetweenJanuary2006andJune2007,wererecruitedinthisstudy.Theinvolved40patients,including34malesand6females,wereaged14-59years.TheywereconfirmedtohaveopticnervecontusionbyophthalmologicconsultationcombinedwithhistoryofdiseaseandorbitalCTexamination.Informedconsentsoftreatmentsanddetecteditemswereobtainedfromallthepatients.Thepatientswererandomlydividedinto2groupswith20ineach:NGFgroupandvitaminB12group.METHODS:Conservativetreatmentwasusedinthetwogroups.Inaddition,patientsintheNGFgroupwereintramuscularlyinjectedwithNGFsolution18μg/time,onceaday.ThoseinthevitaminB12groupwereinjectedbythesamemethodwithcommonvitaminB12of500μgcombinedwithvitaminB1of100mg,onceaday.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:PVEPexaminationwasconductedinallthepatientsbefore,oneandtwoweeksaftertreatment,andlatencyandamplitudeatP100weredetected.RESULTS:Fortypatientswithopticnervecontusionparticipatedinthefinalanalysis.Beforetreatment,significantdifferencesinthelatencyandamplitudeatP100werenotfoundinpatientsbetweentwogroups(P>0.05).ForeachpatientintheNGF

简介：Multipleregenerationofaxonalbudshasbeenshowntoexistduringtherepairofperipheralnerveinjury,whichconfirmsacertainrepairpotentialoftheinjuredperipheralnerve.Therefore,asystematicnervetranspositionrepairtechniquehasbeenproposedtotreatsevereperipheralnerveinjury.Duringnervetranspositionrepair,theregeneratednervefibersofmotorneuronsintheanteriorhornofthespinalcordcaneffectivelygrowintotherepaireddistalnerveandtargetmuscletissues,whichisconducivetotherecoveryofmotorfunction.Theaimofthisstudywastoexploreregenerationandnervefunctionalrecoveryafterrepairingalong-segmentperipheralnervedefectbytranspositionofdifferentdonornerves.Along-segment(2mm)ulnarnervedefectinSprague-Dawleyratswasrepairedbytranspositionofthemusculocutaneousnerve,medialpectoralnerve,muscularbranchesoftheradialnerveandanteriorinterosseousnerve(pronatorquadratusmusclebranch).Insiturepairoftheulnarnervewasconsideredasacontrol.Threemonthslater,wristflexionfunction,nerveregenerationandinnervationmusclerecoveryinratswereassessedusingneuroelectrophysiologicaltesting,osmicacidstainingandhematoxylin-eosinstaining,respectively.Ourfindingsindicatethatrepairofalong-segmentulnarnervedefectwithdifferentdonornervetranspositionscanreinnervateaxonalfunctionofmotorneuronsintheanteriorhornofspinalcordandrestorethefunctionofaffectedlimbstoacertainextent.

简介：AIMTo评估网膜的神经纤维层(RNFL)在没有眼的神经dysfunction.METHODSA的临床的符号的甲状腺ophthalmopathy的病人的厚度侧面未来，盒子控制，在一个第三级的照顾中心进行的观察学习。包括标准与中的任何一个联合与眼皮收回由病人组成了：生物化学的甲状腺机能障碍，exophthalmos，或眼睛外面的肌肉参与；或与exophthalmos或眼睛外面的肌肉参与联合的甲状腺机能障碍；或一个临床的活动分数(CAS)>3/7。RNFL厚度的二大小为每只眼睛被做，到样品的触毛HD光的连贯断层摄影术6moapart.RESULTSMean年龄与18男性和22女性一起是38.75y(范围13-70y)。平均RNFL厚度起初访问92.06？？

简介：Guidedtissueregenerationisanewapproachinthereconstructivesurgeryofperipheralnerves.Biomimeticconductswereconstructfromtheexpandedveinonwhoseinnersurfacecompositedwithamnionfilaments(cf.Fig1).

简介：Objective:Tosummarizesurgicaltreatmentsandtheircorrespondingcurativeeffectsonsciaticnerveinjuries.Methods:Surgicaltreatmentsonsciaticnerveinjurywereperformedin28patientsfromJanuary1990toJuly2000.Thetreatmentsincludedneurolysis,neurolysispluspartialnerveanastomosis,nerveanastomosisandnervetransplantation.ThecurativeeffectwasevaluatedaccordingtoSunderlandcriteria.Results:Of28cases,22patientswerefollowedupwithafollow-upperiodof13monthsto5years(average30months).Of22nerves,7wereexcellent,5good,7fairand3poor,withanexcellencerateof54.5%.

简介：Immunobiologicalstudyisakeytorevealingtheimportantbasisoffacialnerverepairandregenerationforbothresearchanddevelopmentofclinictreatments.Themicroenvironmentalchangesaroundaninjuriedfacialmotoneuron,i.e.,theaggregationandexpressionofvarioustypesofimmunecellsandmoleculesinadynamicequilibrium,impenetratefromthestarttotheendoftherepairofaninjuredfacialnerve.Theconceptof'immunemicroenvironmentforfacialnerverepairandregeneration',mainlyconcernswiththedynamicexchangebetweenexpressionandregulationnetworksandavariatyofimmunecellsandimmunemoleculesintheprocessoffacialnerverepairandregenerationforthemaintenanceofaimmunemicroenvironmentfavorablefornerverepair.Investigationonmicroglialactivationandrecruitment,Tcellbehavior,cytokinenetworks,andimmunologicalcellularandmolecularsignalingpathwaysinfacialnerverepairandregenerationarethecurrenthotspotsintheresearchonimmunobiologyoffacialnerveinjury.Thecurrentpaperprovidesacomprehensivereviewoftheabovementionedissues.Researchoftheseissueswilleventuallymakeimmunologicalinterventionspracticabletreatmentsforfacialnerveinjuryintheclinic.

简介：Thecorneahasuniquefeaturesthatmakeitausefulmodelforregenerativemedicinestudies.Itisanavascular,transparent,denselyinnervatedtissueandanypathologicalchangescanbeeasilydetectedbyslitlampexamination.Cornealsensitivityisprovidedbytheophthalmicbranchofthetrigeminalnervethatelicitsprotectivereflexessuchasblinkingandtearingandexertstrophicsupportbyreleasingneuromediatorsandgrowthfactors.Cornealnervesareeasilyevaluatedforbothfunctionandmorphologyusingstandardinstrumentssuchascornealesthesiometerandinvivoconfocalmicroscope.Alllocalandsystemicconditionsthatareassociatedwithdamageofthetrigeminalnervecausethedevelopmentofneurotrophickeratitis,araredegenerativedisease.Neurotrophickeratitisischaracterizedbyimpairmentofcornealsensitivityassociatedwithdevelopmentofpersistentepithelialdefectsthatmayprogresstocornealulcer,meltingandperforation.Currentneurotrophickeratitistreatmentsaimatsupportingcornealhealingandpreventingprogressionofcornealdamage.Novelcompoundsabletostimulatecornealnerverecoveryareinadvanceddevelopmentstage.Amongthem,nervegrowthfactoreyedropsshowedtobesafeandeffectiveinstimulatingcornealhealingandimprovingcornealsensitivityinpatientswithneurotrophickeratitis.Neurotrophickeratitisrepresentsanusefulmodeltoevaluateinclinicalpracticenovelneuro-regenerativedrugs.

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简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofnervegrowthfactor(NGF)andSchwanncellsonaxonregenerationoftheinferioralveolarnervefollowingmandibularlengtheningwithdistractionosteogenesis.Methods:Unilateralmandibularosteodistractionwasperformedin9healthyadultmalegoatswithadistractionrateof1mm/d.Every3goatswerekilledondays7,14and28aftermandibularlengthening,respectively.TheinferioralveolarnervesinthedistractioncalluswereharvestedandprocessedforultrastructuralandNGFimmunohistochemicalstudy.Theinferioralveolarnervesfromthecontralateralsidewereusedascontrols.Results:Onday7afterdistraction,axondegenerationandSchwanncellproliferationwereobserved,andverystrongstainingofNGFinthedistractednervewasdetected.Onday14afterdistraction,axonregenerationandremyelinationwereeasilyobserved,andNGFexpressionstartedtodecline.Onday28afterdistraction,thegrayscaleofNGFimmunoreactivityrecoveredtothenormalvalueandtheSchwanncellsalmostrecoveredtotheirnormalstate.Conclusions:Gradualmandibularosteodistractioncanresultinmildormoderateaxondegenerationoftheinferioralveolarnerve.NervetraumamaystimulatetheproliferationofSchwanncellsandpromotethesynthesisandsecretionofNGFintheSchwanncells.SchwanncellsandNGFmightplayimportantrolesinaxonregenerationoftheinjuredinferioralveolarnervefollowingmandibularlengthening.

简介：Voiding机能障碍例如冲动频率症候群，主张不能自制，压力不能自制和unobstructive尿保留，对pharmacotherapy经常倔强。电的neuromodulation证明了为这些状况有益。作为电的neuromodulation的一治疗，Electroacupuncturepudendal神经刺激(杀虫剂的一种)为voiding机能障碍是有益的。杀虫剂的一种的表演和申请将在这篇文章被介绍。

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheinfluenceofhipandpelvicfracture,especiallyacetabularfracturecomplicatedbysciaticnerveinjuryonclinicalfeaturesandprognosisofsciaticnerveinjury.Methods:FromJanuary1987toJanuary2000,17patients(14maleand3female)whohadhipandpelvicfracturescomplicatedbysciaticnerveinjuryweretreatedwithoperativereductionandinternalfixationandfollowedupfrom10monthsto5years.Theaverageagewas38years(ranging23-56years).Theleftextremitieswereinvolvedin11patientsandtherightin6.Twelvepatientsunderwentprimaryexplorationandneurolysisand5patientsunderwentsecondaryoperation.Results:Preoperatively,8patientsweretreatedwithlargedosesoforalnarcoticstocontroltheirseveresciaticpain.Threeofthe8patientsunderwentpatient-controlledanalgesiaandepiduralanalgesia.Afteroperation,excellentandgoodratesofreductionandfunctionalrecoveryofsciaticnervewere94.1%and88%respectively.Fourpatientsstillhadsciaticpainand2patientsfailedtorecover.Sciaticnervefunctionimprovedwithin3-6monthsaftersurgeryin11patients.Conclusions:Hipandpelvicfracturescanresultinsciaticnerveinjury,especiallycommonperonealnerveinjuryandprognosisispoor.Openreductionandinternalfixationcombinedwithnerveexplorationandneurolysisshouldbeusedasearlyaspossibleforseveresciaticpain.

简介：Recently,manyresearchesontherepairofperipheralnervebytheaidofnerveregenerationconduitmethodwerecarriedoutandgoodprogresseswereattained.Itwasbelievedthattheconduitshouldbemadefrombiodegradablebiomaterial.

简介：Hydraulicspinalcordandcaudaequinanerveinjuriesareveryuncommon.Since1996,wehavereceivedandtreated4patientswithhydraulicspinalcordandcaudaequinainjuries.Thisreportgivesadetaildescription.Fourpatientswithhydraulicspinalcordandcaudaequinanerveinjuries,male:3,female:1,aging13-56yearshavebeentreatedinourhospitalsince1996.Extraduralblockinginjurywasin1patient,extraduralanaesthesiainjuryin1patientandintraspinalcanalmyelographyinjuryin2patients;thesegmentsofintraspinalcanalwereL2-3andL3-4.Onepatientwasaccompaniedbyfemoralfracture,2patientsbyintraspinaltumorand1patienthadoperationbecauseofprolapseoflumbarintervertebraldisc.

简介：Propofolcaninhibittheinflammatoryresponseandreducethesecretionandharmfuleffectsofastrocyte-derivedproinflammatorycytokines.Inthisstudy,afterpropofolwasinjectedintotheinjuredsciaticnerveofmice,nuclearfactorkappaBexpressionintheL4-6segmentsofthespinalcordintheinjuredsidewasreduced,apoptosiswasdecreased,nervemyelindefectswerealleviated,andthenerveconductionblockwaslessened.Theexperimentalfindingsindicatethatpropofolinhibitstheinflammatoryandimmuneresponses,decreasestheexpressionofnuclearfactorkappaB,andreducesapoptosis.Theseeffectsofpropofolpromoteregenerationfollowingsciaticnerveinjury.