简介：AbstractIt shows that detrimental exposures and conditions in mothers can lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring. This can lead to a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction, where rising rates of obesity, pre-diabetes, and diabetes in individuals of reproductive age, propagating risks to subsequent generations. It is well established that regular exercise has important health benefits for people with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Recently, increasing studies aim to examine the effects of maternal exercise on metabolic health in offspring. This review aims to demonstrate the evidence linking maternal exercise during critical periods of development and its implications for glucose metabolism in offspring, including intervention timing, sexual dimorphism, different exercise type, and intensity. Then we further examine the potential role of epigenetic modifications in this process.

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简介：Definitiveconclusionsconcerningtheimpactofexerciseinterventionsonchildren'smentalfunctioningaredifficulttoascertainbecauseofproceduraldifferencesamongstudies.Anarrativereviewofstudieswasconductedtoevaluatetheroleoftwotypesofexerciseinterventionsonchildren'scognition.Acuteandchronicexerciseinterventionswereclassifiedasquantitativeorqualitativeonthebasisofmanipulationsoftaskcomplexityand,byinference,mentalengagement.Bothtypesofinterventionsenhanceaspectsofchildren'scognition;however,theireffectsonmetacognitiveprocessesareunknown.Theroleofmetacognitiveprocessesandtheirregulationofchildren'sbehaviorandacademicperformancearehighlighted.

简介：<正>ThemostrecentreportontheobesityepidemicbytheU.S.InstituteofMedicine(IOM)haspaintedableakpictureofrealityintheU.S.Itreportsthattwothirdofadultsandalmostonethirdofchildrenareeitheroverweightorobesebyanycountsofmeasures.Situationsinothercountriesdonotseemoptimisticeither.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),thenumbersofobesechildrenhaveincreasedduringthelastdecadetoanestimated35millionindevelopingcountriesand8millionindevelopedcountries

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简介：我们都想知道长期保持健康的秘诀。的确，要保持健康是有个秘诀，那就是要经常锻炼。为什么这么说呢？阅读下文后，你就会找到答案。

简介：现代理论认为，体育锻炼对于人们是不可或缺的。有氧运动、无氧运动、体力训练和灵活训练对人的健康都有好处。体育锻炼可以增强肌肉和心血管系统的能力，增加骨质密度，减轻体重，提高免疫力和防止富贵病，如心脏病、心血管病、糖尿病和肥胖症等；同时，体育锻炼还可以提高心理健康素质，防止抑郁症，培养毅力和克服困难的精神。

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简介：AbstractThe obstetric issues and management styles in China are different from that in Western countries. Chinese medical education, residency training, obstetric care structure, and management of common obstetric complications are briefly reviewed and compared to the United States. Maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) is rapidly developing in China, but the development of MFM may not follow the same trajectory as in the West. Understanding the difference between China and the West may facilitate communication and foster mutual development.

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简介：IntherecentissueofJournalofSportHealthandScience,thequestionof'Isexercisemedicineorwhat?'wasposed.Wewishtofollowtheeditors’suggestionto'...stimulatefurtherdiscussiononthetopic'1byofferingadditionalpointsofconsiderationtothosediscussedbyNesti2in'Exerciseforhealth:Seriousfunforthewholeperson?'.Wewillspecificallydebate

简介：<正>Maintainingleannessandaphysicallyactivelifestyleduringadulthoodreducessystemicinflammation,anunderlyingfactorinmultiplechronicdiseases.Theanti-inflammatoryinfluenceofnear-dailyphysicalactivityinloweringC-reactiveprotein,totalbloodleukocytes,interleukin-6,andotherinflammatorycytokinesmayplayakeyroleinloweringriskofcardiovasculardisease,certaintypesofcancer,type2diabetes,sarcopenia,anddementia.Moderateexercisetrainingcausesfavorableperturbationsinimmunityandareductioninincidenceofupperrespiratorytractinfection(URTI).Duringeachboutofmoderateexercise,anenhancedrecirculationofimmunoglobulins,neutrophils,andnaturalkillercellsoccursthatpersistsforupto3-hpost-exercise.Thisexercise-inducedsurgeinimmunecellsfromtheinnateimmunesystemistransientbutimprovesoverallsurveillanceagainstpathogens.Asmoderateexercisecontinuesonanear-dailybasisfor12—15weeks,thenumberofsymptomsdayswithURTIisdecreased25%—50%comparedtorandomizedsedentarycontrols.EpidemiologicandanimalstudiessupportthisinverserelationshipbetweenURTIriskandincreasedphysicalactivity.

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简介：1.TheendocannabinoidsysteminobesityandmetabolicdisordersAsobesityandassociatedmetabolicdisorders,suchastype2diabetesanddyslipidemia,arebecomingoneofthemostserioushealthproblemsworldwide,developmentofeffectivetherapiesisahighpriority.Inthesearchfortreatments,therecentlydiscoveredendocannabinoidsystem(ECS)hasbeguntogarnerattention,andawealthofresearchisnowfocusing

简介：Background:Thephysiologicalandbiochemicaldemandsofintenseexerciseelicitbothmuscle-basedandsystemicresponses.Themainadaptationstoenduranceexerciseincludethecorrectionofelectrolyteimbalance,adecreaseinglycogenstorageandtheincreaseofoxidativestress,intestinalpermeability,muscledamage,andsystemicinflammatoryresponse.Adaptationstoexercisemightbeinfluencedbythegutmicrobiota,whichplaysanimportantroleintheproduction,storage,andexpenditureofenergyobtainedfromthedietaswellasininflammation,redoxreactions,andhydrationstatus.Methods:Asystematicandcomprehensivesearchofelectronicdatabases,includingMEDLINE,Scopus,ClinicalTrials.gov,ScienceDirect,SpringerLink,andEMBASEwasdone.Thesearchprocesswascompletedusingthekeywords:'endurance','exercise','immuneresponse','microbiota','nutrition',and'probiotics'.Results:Reviewedliteraturesupportsthehypothesisthatintestinalmicrobiotamightbeabletoprovideameasureable,effectivemarkerofanathlete'simmunefunctionandthatmicrobialcompositionanalysismightalsobesensitiveenoughtodetectexercise-inducedstressandmetabolicdisorders.Thereviewalsosupportsthehypothesisthatmodifyingthemicrobiotathroughtheuseofprobioticscouldbeanimportanttherapeutictooltoimproveathletes'overallgeneralhealth,performance,andenergyavailabilitywhilecontrollinginflammationandredoxlevels.Conclusion:Thepresentreviewprovidesacomprehensiveoverviewofhowgutmicrobiotamayhaveakeyroleincontrollingtheoxidativestressandinflammatoryresponsesaswellasimprovingmetabolismandenergyexpenditureduringintenseexercise.

简介：<正>Researchinpaediatricexercisemetabolismhasbeenconstrainedbybeingunabletointerrogatemuscleinvivo.Conventionally,researchhasbeenlimitedtotheestimationofmusclemetabolismfromobservationsofbloodandrespiratorygasesduringmaximalorsteadystateexerciseandtheanalysisofafewmusclebiopsiestakenatrestorpost-exercise.Thepurposeofthispaperistoreviewhowtheintroductionof31P-magneticresonancespectroscopyandbreath-by-breathoxygenuptakekineticsstudieshascontributedtocurrentunderstandingofexercisemetabolismduringgrowthandmaturation.Methodologicallyrobuststudiesusing31P-magneticresonancespectroscopyandoxygenuptakekineticswithchildrenaresparseandsomedataareinconflict.However,itcanbeconcludedthatchildrenrespondtoexercisewithenhancedoxygenutilizationwithinthemyocytecomparedwithadultsandthattheirresponsesareconsistentwithagreaterrecruitmentoftypeImusclefibres.Changesinmusclemetabolismareage,maturation-andsex-relatedanddependentontheintensityoftheexercisechallenge.Theintroductionofexperimentalmodelssuchas"primingexercise"and"work-to-work"transitionsprovideintriguingavenuesofresearchintothemechanismsunderpinningexercisemetabolismduringgrowthandmaturation.

简介：教学设计【教学基本信息】【指导思想与理论依据】根据'英语学科核心素养'提出的要求,本节课在语言能力方面,主要培养学生使用一般现在时的频率副词针对在一般现在时中使用表示频率的副词来表达课余生活话题,培养学生读和说方面的能力;在思维品质方面,培养学生以思维导图的形式分析、归纳、概括、阅读材料和借助思维导图进行表达的能力;在学习能力方面,以搭设台阶、创造情境、小组合作、分享交流的形式,鼓励学生主动参与,激励学生自我发现并归纳篇章结构,同时借助语篇,实现知识的有效迁移;在文化品格方面,以话题“课余生活调查”为载体,通过理解、交流和感受,激发学生表达“健康课余生活方式”愿望,并通过口语汇报形式进行表达。

简介：出操喽，出操喽!今天的大课间活动是做字母操。这可是同学们最喜欢的，也是我们安吉县天略外国语学校的一大特色。