简介：Numerouscellularfunctionsoccurinspatiallyandtemporallyconfinedregions.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmembrane-lessorganellesandcompartmentsinthecellareassembledvialiquid-liquidphaseseparation(LLPS).InvitroLLPSassaysusingrecombinantexpressedandpurifiedproteinsarenecessaryforustofurtherunderstandhowtheassemblyofphase-separatedcompartmentsisregulatedincells.However;uniformstandardsandprotocolsarelackingfortheseinvitrostudies.Here,wedescribeastep-by-stepprotocolcommonlyusedtoinvestigateinvitroLLPSusingpurifiedproteins.Thisprotocolincludesexpressionandpurificationofthestudiedproteins,inductionofLLPSofthepurifiedproteins,andstudiesofthebiophysicalpropertiesoftheliquiddropletsformedbyLLPS.TheseprotocolscanbeeasilyfollowedbyresearcherstoinvestigatetheLLPSbehaviorsofproteinsofinterest.

简介：Electricallyresponsivephotoniccrystalsrepresentoneofthemostpromisingintelligentmaterialcandidatesfortechnologicalapplicationsinoptoelectronics.Inthisresearch,dye-dopedpolymer-stabilizedcholestericliquidcrystals(PSCLCs)withnegativedielectricanisotropywerefabricated,andmirrorlesslasingwithanelectricallytunablewavelengthwassuccessfullyachieved.Unlikeconventionalliquid-crystallasers,theproposedlaseraidedintuningtheemissionwavelengththroughcontrollingthereflectionbandwidthbasedongradientpitchdistribution.Theprincipaladvantageoftheelectricallycontrolleddye-dopedPSCLClaseristhattheelectricfieldisappliedparalleltothehelicalaxis,whichchangesthepitchgradientinsteadofrotatingthehelixaxis,thuskeepingtheheliconicalstructureintactduringlasing.Thebroadtuningrange(~110nm)ofPSCLClasers,coupledwiththeirstableemissionperformance,continuoustunability,andeasyfabrication,leadstoitsnumerouspotentialapplicationsinintelligentoptoelectronicdevices,suchassensing,medicine,anddisplay.

简介：Wedevelopatheoreticalmodelforpredictingtheultrasonicattenuationintheliquid-solidsystemcontainingmixedparticles.Theultrasonicattenuationcoefficientisobtainedbycountingthenumberofphononsthatreachthereceiver.UsingtheMonteCarlomethod(MCM),numericalsimulationswereperformedtopredicttheultrasonicattenuationswithnotonlyasingleparticletypebutalsomonodisperseandpolydispersemixedparticles.Thesimulationresultsforthesystemswithasingleparticletypewerecomparedwithvariousstandardmodels.Theresultsshowthattheyagreewellatrelativelylowparticlevolumeconcentrations(within10%).Forsystemswithmixedparticles,theparticlevolumeconcentrationwasfoundtoincreasetoaround10%,andthevariationoftheultrasonicattenuationagainstthemixingratioyieldsanonlineartrend.Moreover,theultrasonicattenuationissignificantlyaffectedbyparticleproperties.Thenumericalresultsalsoshowthatboththeparticletypeandparticlesizedistributionshouldbecarefullytakenintoaccountinthedispersionswithpolydispersemixedparticles,wheretheMCMcangiveamoredirectdescriptionofthephysicsofsoundpropagationcomparedwiththeconventionalmodels.

简介：Inthispaper,AgBF4/[emim][BF4]supportedionicliquidmembranes(SILMs)werepreparedsuccessfullyforCO/N2separationusingnitrogenpressureimmobilizationprocedures.TheincorporationofAgBF4coulddecreasemembraneweightloss,improvethepressure-resistantability,andkeepthecriticalpressure(0.45MPa)oftheSILMs.ThehighviscosityandundissolvedAgBF4solidsinmembraneliquidwoulddisturbgasmoleculartransportthroughmembraneandgiverisetothegastransportresistance.Therefore,thegaspermeabilitydecreasedremarkablywithincreasingAgBF4carriercontentinthemembrane.WhenthemolarratioofAgBF4to[emim][BF4]increasedfrom0:1to0.3:1,theCO/N2selectivityoftheSILMsshowedagreatincreasefrom~1to~9at20°Cand0.4MPa,suggestingthatAgBF4wasaneffectivecarrierforCOfacilitatedtransport.ThepermeabilitiesofN2andCOincreasedathighertransmembranepressure,indicatingthatmoleculartransportwoulddominatethetransportprocessathighpressure.Thetemperature-dependentgaspermeabilityfollowedtheArrheniusequation.Moreover,thedifferencesbetweentheactivationenergiesofCOandN2becamelargerafterintroducingAgBF4,resultinginmoreobviousdecreaseintheCO/N2selectivityathigheroperatingtemperature.

简介：AninnovativeapproachtoH2Scapturehasbeendevelopedusingseveralmetal-basedionicliquids([Bmim]Cl·CuCl2,[Bmim]Cl·FeCl3,[Bmim]Cl·ZnCl2,[Bmim]Br·CuCl2,and[Bmim]Br·FeCl3)immobilizedonthesol-gelderivedsilica,whichissuperiortopurelyviscousionicliquidwithacruciallimitofhightemperature,lowmasstransferrate,andmassloss.TheadsorbentswerecharacterizedbytheFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer,transmissionelectronmicroscope,N2adsorption/desorption,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy,andthermalanalysistechniques.TheeffectsofthemetalandhalogeninIL,theloadingamountofIL,andtheadsorptiontemperaturewerestudiedbydynamicadsorptionexperimentsatagasflowrateof100mL/min.TheH2Sadsorptionresultshaveshowedthattheoptimaladsorbentandadsorptiontemperatureare5%[Bmim]Cl·CuCl2/silicageland20-50℃,respectively.H2Scanbecapturedandoxidizedtoelementalsulfur,and[Bmim]Cl·CuCl2/silicagelcanbereadilyregeneratedbyair.TheexcellentefficiencyofH2Sremovalmaybeattributedtotheformationofnano-scaledandhigh-concentration[Bmim]Cl·CuCl2confinedinsilicagel,indicatingthattheimmobilizationof[Bmim]Cl·CuCl2onthesol-gelderivedsilicacanbeusedforH2Sremovalpromisingly.