简介:SinceitserliestyearsofR&D[1],theGEANT4simulationtoolkithasbeendevelopedfollowingsoftwareprocessstandardswhichdictatedtheoverallevolutionoftheproject.Thecomplexityofthesoftwareinvolved,thewideareasofapplicationofthesoftwareproduct,thehugeamountofcodeandCategorycomplexity,thesizeanddistributednatureoftheCollaborationitselfareallingredientswhichinvolveandcorrelatetogetherawidevarietyofsoftwareprocesses.Althoughin"production"andavailabletothepublicsinceDecember1998,theGEANT4softwareproduct[1]includesCategoryDomainswhicharestillunderactivedevelopment.Thereforetheyrequiredifferenttreatmentalsointermsofimprovementofthedevelopmentcycle,system,testingandusersupport,ThisarticleismeanttodescribesomeofthesoftwareprocessesastheyareappliedinGEANT4forbothdevelopment,testingandmaintenanceofthesoftware.
简介:TheGAUDIsoftwareframeworkistobeusedforallevent-processingapplicationsintheLHCbexperiment.TheGEANT4toolkithasbeenintegratedintoGAUDItoformthebasisoftheLHCbsimulationprogramGAUSS.Thebenefitsofthisapproacharethatitpermitsre-useofbasicservices,suchaspersistency,interactivityanddatavisualization,aswellasphysicsalgorithmsthatwereoriginallydevelopedinthecontextofthereconstructionandanalysisprograms.FollowingtheGAUDIphilosophy,theintegrationhasbeenachievedbydevelopinganumberofserviceswithabstractinterfacesthatcanbepluggedinatrun-time.Wedescribetheoveralldesignanddetailsofthecomponentsforinterfacingthedetectorgeometry,theprimaryinteractionandtheoutputfromtrackingparticlesthroughthedetector.
简介:Geant4LowEnergyElectromagneticpackageProvidesaprecisetreatmentofelectromagneticinterationsofparticleswithmatterdowntoverylowenergies(250oVforelectronsandphotons,<1keVforhadronsandions),Itincludesaverietyofmodelsfortheelectromagneticprocessesofelectrons,photons,hadronsandions,takingintoaccountadvancefeatures,suchasshelleffectsandeffectsduetochargedependence.Thecomprehensivesetofparticletypesitcanhandle,thevarietyofmodelingapproachesandtheextendedcoverageofenergyrangemakethispackageauniquetoolamongMonteCarlocodesonthemarket,andofrelevancetoserveralexperimentaldomainsinHIEP,astroparticlephysics,spacescienceandbiomedicalstudies.
简介:WepresentseveralcomparisonsofGEANT4simulationswithtestbeamdataandGEANT3simulationsfordifferentliquidargon(LAr)calorimetersoftheATLASdetector,Allrelevantpartsofthetestbeamsetup(scintilators,multiwireproportionalchambers,cryostatetc.)aredescribedinGEANT4aswellasinGEANT3.MuonandelectrondataatdifferentenergieshavebeencomparedwithMonteCarloprediction.
简介:OptimalexploitationofhadronicfinalstatesplayedakeyroleinsuccessesofallrecenthadroncolliderexperimentinHEP,andtheabilitytousehadronicfinalstateswillcontinuetobeoneofthedecisiveissuesduringtheanalysisphaseoftheLHCexperinentsMonteCarloimplementationsofhadronicshowermodelsprovidedwithGEANT4facilitatetheuseofhadronicfinalstates,andhavebeendevelopedformanyyears.Wewillgiveanoverviewonthephysicsunderlyinghadronicshowersimulation,discussingthethreebasictypesofmodelling;datadriven,parametrisationdriven,andtheorydrivenmodelling,andtheirrespectiveimplementationstatusinGEANT4.Wewillconfrontthedifferenttypesofmodellingwithavalidationsuiteforhadronicgeneratorsbasedoncross-sectionsmeasurementsfromthintargetexperiments,andexposethestrengthandweaknessesoftheindividualapproaches.
简介:在这研究,塑料闪烁器察觉者的不同参数被Geant4模拟工具箱调查。这些参数由PMT以及表面的半径,长度和位置组成了反射打并且完成选择。而且,二器官的塑料材料的反应时间分布被学习。结果显示收集光光子与PMT半径头一起有一种线性关系。另外,PMT的垂直地点与光光子收集有一种非线性的关系。然而,收集由增加PMT长度或动人的PMT头减少了水平位置。二塑料闪烁器材料的反应功能在对试验性的出版结果的好同意。另外,Geant4放射运输代码能模仿事件放射光子并且预言随后的事件到PMT头很好。结果显示BC-404有更快的焕发性质对BC-400器官的闪烁器材料。在Geant4产量之间的比较说明最好的反射镜材料和表面为光光子完成类型,这是地面TiO2。
简介:摘要在输电线路高空作业过程中,高空作业人员的工具包内都要携带部分小工具、小材料(如螺栓、垫片等铁质耗材)进行作业。在作业人员攀登杆塔及作业转位过程中,随着位置的改变,工具包经常与设备发生碰撞,导致工具包内的小工具、小材料坠落,给处于作业点下方的人员、设备造成隐患。本研究成果能解决高空作业人员高空作业过程中,小工具、小材料坠落的问题;工具包内设置电磁铁吸附小工具和小材料,使其能达到防止小工具、小材料(铁质)坠落的目的,消除高空作业过程中小工具、小材料坠落对人员、设备的安全隐患,确保作业点下方的人员、设备的安全,减少高空坠物事故的发生。同时能提高工作效率。