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简介：TherearethreetypesofshalegasresourcesinChina.Theresourcesarepresentinlargeamountsandarewidelydistributed.Marinefacies,transitionalfaciesandcontinentalfaciesresourceseachaccountforathird.Basedonresourcedistributions,therearemanywellspenetratedintotheSinian,Cambrian,Ordovieian,Silurian,Devonian,CarboniferousandPermianstrataoftheYangtzeplateanditsperiphery,theNorthChinaCratonandtheTarimBasin.ManyyearsofexplorationhaveindicatedthatthemarineSilurianLongmaxishalegasiswidelydistributedinsouthChinaandhasbeenindustrializedinitsproductionintheSiehuanbasin.TheshalegasfromtheCambrianNiutitangFormationandtheSinianDoushantuoFormationareimportantdiscoveriesinYichang,HubeiandZhenba,Shanxi.TherearealsoshalegasresourcesfoundwithintransitionalfaciesandcontinentalfaciesindifferentareasinChina.The"twoelementenrichmenttheory"hasbeensummarizedduringtheexplorationprocessofSilurianmarineshalegasintheSichuanBasin.Inaddition,horizontaldrillingandfracturingtechnologiesupto3500mindepthhavebeendeveloped.BasedontheunderstandingofshalegasaccumulationinacomplextectoniczoneoutsidetheSichnanbasin,apreliminarysummaryoftheformationofthe"conversefaultsynelinecontrolreservoir"and"paleoupliftcontrolreservoir"modelhasbeenconstructed.Thedominanttheoryof"Trinity"shalegasenrichmentandthehighyieldofthe"deepwaterLuPengxiangsedimentaryfaciesbelt,structuralpreservationconditionsandoverpressure"issummarized.Guidedbytheabovetheories.AnyelwellinGuizhouandEyangyelwellinHubeiweredrilled."Fourstorey"oilandshale"gasisfoundinthePermianQixiagroup,theSilurianShiniulanFormation,theLongmaxiFormationandtheOrdovicianBaotaFormationinAnyelwell.GoodshalegashasbeengoundintheCambrianNiutitangformationinianDoushantuoformationinEyangyelwell.Thispaperaimstosummarizeandreviewthemainprogress,theoreticaltech

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简介：1.ObjectiveThestudyareaislocatedinthenorthofJianshiarea,Hubeiprovince.Accordingtothegeologicsurvey,theSilurianblackshaleintheareaischaracterizedbyhighabundanceoforganicmatterandhighhydrocarbonpotential.From1980s,JianghanOilfieldhasdrilled7wellsinJiannangasfieldlocatedinthesouthofstudyarea,whichshoweddifferentdegreeofoilandgasandrevealedagoodexplorationprospectfortheSilurianstrata.

简介：1.ObjectivesTheMoheBasininHeilongjiang,ChinahasaNEEthrustnappebelt,whichwasassembledbytherootzone,middlethrustzoneandthrustfront,north-southandnorth-eastnormalfaultswiththreetectonicactivitiesoftheMiddleJurassicto.Eocene,theMiocene,andtheEarlytoMiddlePleistocene.Themiddlethrustzoneandthrustfronthasalargenumberoffolds,thrustfaults,fracturesandglutenites,whicharethemajorstructuresofgashydrateaccumulationintheMoheBasin.

简介：ThispaperprovidesanoverviewofthedevelopmentsinanalyticalandtestingmethodsandexperimentalsimulationsongashydrateinChina.Inthelaboratory,theanalysesandexperimentsofgashydratecanprovideusefulparametersforhydrateexplorationandexploitation.Inrecentyears,modemanalyticalinstrumentsandtechniques,includingLaserRamanspectroscopy(Raman),X-raydiffraction(XRD),X-raycomputedtomography(X-CT),scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM),nuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)andhighpressuredifferentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC),wereappliedinthestudyofstructure,formationmechanisms,phaseequilibrium,thermalphysicalpropertiesandsoforthofgashydrates.Thedetectiontechnologyandtime-domainreflectometry(TDR)techniqueareintegratedtotheexperimentaldevicestostudythephysicalparametersofgashydrates,suchastheacoustics,resistivity,thermal,andmechanicalproperties.Itisbelievedthatthevariousanalyticaltechniquestogetherwiththeexperimentalsimulationsfromlarge-scaletomicro-scaleongashydratewillplayasignificantroleandprovideapowerfulsupportforfuturegashydrateresearches.

简介：1.ObjectivesAsthediscoveryofgashydrateinQilianMountainpermafrostin2008,themaincontrollingfactorsanddistributionofgashydratearenotclear.Thisrestrictsthefurtherprogressingashydratesurveyinthisarea.Hence,ChinaGeologicalSurveyerectedtheproject"ExplorationofgashydrateresourcesintheQilianMountainanditsadjacentareas"continuouslytobetterunderstandthegashydrateaccumulationintermsofgreatergashydratediscovery.

简介：ThereareplentyofSinianandCambrianpotentialshalegasresourcesinSouthChina,whichischaracterizedbyhighthermalevolutiondegrees,poordrillingperformancesandonlyoccursinlocalareas.Takingtheprinciple“hightofindlow”isthekeyissuetoachievingabreakthroughinoldershale.ChinaGeologicalSurveydrilledintheperipheryoftheProterozoicbasement,i.e.theHuanglinganticline,inthewesternHubei,andHannanpaleocontinentinthesouthernShanxi.Itreceivedhigh-qualitygas-bearingshalewithrelativelylowRointheinLowerCambrianNiutitangformationandSinianDoushantuoformation.BasedongeologicalconditionsofshalegasreservoirsintheHuanglinganticline,thispaperputsforwardthenewmodelnamed“Controloverreservoirsbyperipheryofbasement”aboutshalegasaccumulation,suggestingthattheshaledepositedinadeepwatercontinentalshelfintheperipheryofthebasementischaracterizedbyshallowburial,ashortburialtime,stabletectonics,relativelylowthermalevolutiondegrees,andshalegasreservoirsinagoodcondition.TheshaleoftheSinian-CambrianstratadepositedindeepwatercontinentalshelvesintheperipheryofChuanzhongpaleo-upliftinSichuan,HannanpaleocontinentinthesouthernShanxi,HuanglinganticlineinwesternHubeiandJiangnang-Xuefengpaleo-upliftinHunanandGuizhouprovincehavegoodshalegasexplorationpotential.

简介：1.ObjectiveNaturalgashydratesareconsideredasapotentialalternativefuelresourcetopetroleumandgas(ChongZRetal.,2016),whichcanbeexploitedbymeansofdepressurization,thermalmethod,inhibitorinjection,etc.Forthethermalmethod,gashydratesaredecomposedintowaterandmethanewhenthereservoirisheatedtoabovetheequilibriumtemperatureofgashydrate(LiXetal.,2016).However,thethermalrecoverymethodneedsagreatdealofheat,andthusthefeasibilityofeconomicexploitationisreduced.

简介：Naturalgashydrates(NGH)isoneofkeyfuturecleanenergyresources.Itsindustrializeddevelopmentwillhelpremitthehugedemandofglobalnaturalgas,relievetheincreasingpressureoftheenvironment,andplayavitalroleinthegreensustainablegrowthofhumansocieties.Basedonnearlytwodecades'studyingonthereservoircharacteristicsintheSouthChinaSea(SCS)andtheknowledgeofreservoirsystem,theChinaGeologicalSurvey(CGS)conductedthefirstproductiontestonanoptimaltargetselectedinShenhuareaSCSin2017.Guidedbythe"three-phasecontrol"exploitationtheorywhichfocusedonformationstabilization,technologiessuchasformationfluidextraction,welldrillingandcompleting,reservoirstimulating,sandcontrolling,environmentalmonitoring,monitoringandpreventingofsecondaryformationofhydrateswereapplied.Thetestlastedfor60daysfromMay10^thwhenstartingtopump,droppressureandignitetowellkillingonJuly9^th,withgasproductionof3.09×10^5m^3intotal,whichisaworldrecordwiththelongestcontinuousdurationofgasproductionandmaximalgasyield.ThissuccessfultestbringsasignificantbreakthroughonsafetycontrolofNGHproduction.

简介：1.ObjectivesAsabout99%ofthenaturalgashydrate(NGH)resourcesarestoredontheseafloor,itisinevitablethatinitsprocessofexplorationandproduction,therewillbegeohazardssuchasmethaneleakage,seabedsubsidence,ecosystemdamageandevenlandslide.Therefore,asetofintegratedsystemsforenvironmentalmonitoringintheprocessofNGHproductionhasbeenproposedintheconsiderationofenvironmentaldisastersthatmayariseintheprocessofhydrateproduction.

简介：Liquidmicro-jets,producedfromgasdynamicvirtualnozzles(GDVNs),areusedassamplecarriersforinteractionwithX-raybeaminserialfemtosecondcrystallography(SFX).Anumericalinvestigationoftheeffectofthefocusinggastypeontheliquidmicro-jetproperties(itslengthandthickness)ispresented.ThestudycomplementsourpreviousresearchontheinfluenceofoperatingconditionsandthenozzlegeometryonGDVNperformance.Theinfluenceofhelium,argon,carbondioxideandnitrogengases(atafixedmassflowrateof1.6×104mg/min)onfocusingpurewaterjet(flowrateof33μl/min)isanalysed.

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简介：LatticeBoltzmannmethodisoneofthewidelyusedinmultiphasefluidflow.However,thetwomaindisadvantagesofthismethodaretheinstabilityofnumericalcalculationsduetothelargedensityratiooftwophasesandimpossibilityofthetemperaturedistributiontobefedbackintothevelocitydistributionfunctionwhenthetemperatureissimulated.BasedonthecombinationprescribedbyInamuro,thelargedensityratiotwo-phaseflowmodelandthermalmodelmakesthedensityratioofthemodelsimulationtobeincreasedto2778:1byoptimizingtheinterfacedistributionfunctionoftwo-phasewhichimprovestheaccuracyofdifferentialformat.Thephasetransitiontermisaddedassourcetermintothedistributionfunctioncontrollingtwophaseorderparameterstodescribethetemperatureeffectonthegas-liquidphasetransition.Thelatentheatgeneratedfromthephasechangeisalsoaddedasasourcetermintothetemperaturedistributionfunctionwhichsimulatesthemovementoftheflowunderthecommoncouplingofdensity,velocity,pressureandtemperature.Thedensityandthetemperaturedistributionofsinglebubblearesimulated.Comparisonofthesimulationresultswithexperimentalresultsindicatesagoodagreementpointingouttheeffectivenessoftheimprovedmodel.

简介：1.ObjectiveLarge-scalecommercialproductionofshalegasstartedinFuling,ChangningandWeiyuanareasoftheSichuanBasin(Zouetal.,2016)since2010.ThemostnotableshalegassuccessistheLongmaxiorganicrichShaleinJiaoshibafield,SichuanBasin.TheYichangslopeislocatedinthenorthofmiddleYangtzeregion.Thiseastwarddippingslopeisanewprospectiveareaforshalegasexplorationinrecent5years.

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简介：InordertomakeabreakthroughinMesozoic-PaleozoicshalegasexplorationintheSouthYellowSeaBasin,acomparisonofthepreservationconditionswasmadewithintheBarnettshalegasreservoirsintheFortworthBasin,theJiaoshibashalegasreservoirsinSichuanBasinandpotentialshalegasreservoirsinGuizhouProvince.Theresultsshowthatthe"Sandwich"structureisofgreatimportanceforshalegasaccumulation.Thereinto,the"Sandwich"structureisakindofspecialreservoir-caprockassemblagewhichconsistoflimestoneordolomiteonthetop,mudstoneorshalelayerinthemiddleandlimestoneordolomiteatthebottom.InconsiderationoftheMesozoic-PaleozoieintheLowerYangtze,andLaoshanUpliftwithweakPaleozoicdeformationandthrustfaultsealingOnbothflanksoftheLaoshanUplift,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatthepreservationconditionsofshalegasprobablydeveloped"Sandwich"structuresintheLowerCambrianandPermian,whicharekeylayersforthebreakthroughofshalegasintheSouthYellowSea.Moreover,thepreferredtargetsforshalegasdrillingprobablylocateatbothflanksoftheLaoshanUplift.

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简介：1.ObjectivesSouthernQinghai-northemTibetpermafrostregionisaplacehavingthemostwidespreadandmostdevelopedpermafrostinChinawithgoodmineralizationconditionsandprospectingpotentialsforgashydrate(ZhuYHetal.,2011).In2011,ChinaGeologicalSurveyinitiatedaspecialnationalprogramentitled"Gashydrateresourceexplorationandtrialmining",whichsignaledapreludetoacomprehensivegashydratesurveyinsouthernQinghai-northernTibetpermafrostregion.Sofar,appreciableprogresshasbeenmadeinthegeological,geophysical,geochemicalanddrillingsurveyacrossanumberofkeyblocks.Thispaperisintendedtoexaminethefundamentalconditionsforgashydratemineralizationbasedonpreviousfindings,delineatefavorablezonesforgashydratemineralization,andtomakecontributionstotheonshoregashydrateresourceexplorationinChina.

简介：AfterthebreakthroughofshalegasexplorationanddevelopmentintheOrdovicianWufengFormation(Fm.)andSilurianLongmaxiFm.ofChongqingJiaoshibaarea,Changning-Weiyuanarea,etc.inSichuanbasin,aseriesofdiscoveryandbreakthroughwereobtainedbyChinaGeologicalSurveyintheCambrianNiutitangFm.andSinianDoushantuoFm.shaleoftheareaswithcomplicatedstructureoutsideSichuanbasin.BasedontheunderstandingofthelawofshalegasenrichmentinLongmaxiFm.inthebasin,thispaperputsforwardthreeelementsoftheformationandenrichmentofshalegas,whicharethe“Source”,the“Diagenesis”andthe“Accumulation”,afterdeeplystudyingthelawshalegasenrichmentandaccumulationinSinian-Cambrianreservoirofthecomplexstructureareaoutsidethebasin.The“Source”meansthesedimentaryenvironmentandpetrologicalcharacteristicsoforganicshale.The“Diagenesis”meansthebasintectonicsubsidenceandhydrocarbongenerationandexpulsionprocessoforganicmatter.The“Accumulation”meansthetectonicupliftandshalegaspreservation.ItisproposedthattheSinian-CambrianandOrdovician-SilurianblackshaleseriesinthemiddleandupperYangtzeregionofsouthernChinawerebothformedinthedeep-watershelfenvironmentofrifttroughandforelandbasinrespectively.Thedessertintervalswereformedinthestrongreductionenvironmentundertransgressivesystemtract.Theshalelithologybelongstocalcium-siliceousandcharcoal-siliceousrespectively.BasedonthesummaryofstructuralevolutioninYangtzearea,thecorrelationofstructuralburialdepthwithshalediagenesisandthecouplingevolutionoforganicmatterwithporestructurearediscussed.Combiningwithstructuralstyles,thepreservationconditionsofshalegasarediscussed.Fivetypesofshalegasreservoircontrolmodelsarefurtherdescribed.Twotypesoffutureexplorationdirections,whicharereversefaultsynclineandpaleo-upliftmarginincomplexstructuralareaoutsidethebasin