简介:ThepresentpaperanalyzeshistoricallytherelationshipbetweencarbonemissionandeconomicdevelopmentbydifferentstagesthroughadoptingelasticdecouplingmethodsandTapioevaluationcriteriaalongwithacomparisonwiththenationalFiveYearPlans.TheanalysisshowsthattheinfluencingfactorstotherelationshipbetweencarbonemissionandeconomyinChinaaredifferent,andeconomicdevelopmentandcarbonemissionhavelessconnectionintherecent30yearsofreformandopening-upinChina.Itisadifficulttasktorealizethepromisethatwewillreducecarbonemissionby40%-50%in2020basedonthedatafromhistoricalexperienceanddifferentexpectationsforeconomicdevelopmentfromeconomists.Throughconstructingthecalcula-tionmodelofcarbonemissionintensitygapaccordingtodifferentdevelopmentscenarios,theanalysisshowsthateconomicgrowth,infrastructureinvestmentandfurtherdevelopmentofindustrial-izationarethemaindriverstotheincreaseofcarbonemission,technologicalprogress,andparticularly,thereductionofenergyconsumptionistheprimarymeanstoreducecarbonemissioninChina.Itisimperativetotransformtheeconomicgrowthpattern,anditisagrandtasktoperformandthereisalongwaytogoforChinatomaintaineconomicgrowthandreducecarbonintensity.
简介:Amorphoussilicon(a-Si),nanocrystallinesilicon(nc-Si)andhydrogenatednanocrys-tallinesilicon(nc-Si:H)filmswerefabricatedbyusingchemicalvapordeposition(CVD)system.Thea-Siandnc-Sithinfilmswereirradiatedwith94MeVXe-ionsatfluencesof1.0×1011ions/cm-2,1.0×1012ions/cm-2and1.0×1013ions/cm-2atroomtemperature(RT).Thenc-Si:Hfilmswereirradiatedwith9MeVXe-ionsat1.0×1012Xe/cm-2,1.0×1013Xe/cm-2and1.0×1014Xe/cm-2atRT.Forcomparison,mono-crystallinesilicon(c-Si)sampleswerealsoirradiatedatRTwith94MeVXe-ions.AllsampleswereanalyzedbyusinganUV/VIS/NIRspectrometerandanX-raypowderdiffractometer.Variationsoftheopticalband-gap(Eg)andgrainsize(D)versustheirradiationfluencewereinvestigatedsystematically.Theobtainedresultsshowedthattheopticalband-gapsandgrainsizeofthethinfilmschangeddramaticallywhereasnoobservablechangewasfoundinc-SisamplesafterXe-ionirradiation.Possiblemechanismunderlyingthemodificationofsiliconthinfilmswasbrieflydiscussed.
简介:Thelattice,thebandgapandtheopticalpropertiesofn-typeZnOunderuniaxialstressareinvestigatedbyfirstprinciplescalculations.Theresultsshowthatthelatticeconstantschangelinearlywithstress.Bandgapsarebroadenedlinearlyastheuniaxialcompressivestressincreases.Thechangeofbandgapforn-typeZnOcomesmainlyfromthecontributionofstressinthec-axisdirection,andthereasonforbandgapofn-typeZnOchangingwithstressisalsoexplained.Thecalculatedresultsofopticalpropertiesrevealthattheimaginarypartofthedielectricfunctiondecreaseswiththeincreaseofuniaxialcompressivestressatlowenergy.However,whentheenergyishigherthan4.0eV,theimaginarypartofthedielectricfunctionincreaseswiththeincreaseofstressandablueshiftappears.Therearetwopeaksintheabsorptionspectruminanenergyrangeof4.0-13.0eV.Thestresscoefficientofthebandgapofn-typeZnOislargerthanthatofpureZnO,whichsuppliesthetheoreticalreferencevalueforthemodulationofthebandgapofdopedZnO.
简介:Thispaperanalyzestheimpactofincomedistributiongaponconsumptiondemandfromatheoreticalview,anddrawstheconclusionthatthereisaninverserelationshipbetweenincomedistributiongapandconsumptiondemand.Then,thepaperfindsthattheexistingwideningincomedistributiongapinChinahasanegativeimpactonconsumptiondemand,butthisisnotthekeyfactorfortheinsufficientconsumptiondemandbecauseofthelowlevelofpercapitalincome.Atlast,itsuggeststhatgovernmentsshouldimprovetheincomelevelofentireresidentsandadjustincomedistributionstructuresimultaneously.
简介:摘要探讨如何在基地医院教学中改变传统的教学模式,建立人本位的教学模式,提高培养学生的综合能力,促进医院医教研全面发展。
简介:随着国家免费定向医学生培养计划的启动,为了满足教学和实习需要,提高医学生的基本技能,在基层医院建设医学生全科医学实习教学基地成为必要。本文从当前临床医学专业实践教学基地的现状入手,阐述了基层医院实践教学基地建设中应该重视的问题。