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简介：Inland-usedatageneralization,theremovalofinsignificantparcelwithsmallsizeisthemostfrequentlyusedoperator.Traditionallyforthegeneralizationmethod,thesmallparcelisassignedcompletelytooneofitsneighbors.Thisstudytriestoimprovethegeneralizationbyseparatingtheinsignificantparcelintopartsaroundtheweightedskeletonandassigningthesepartstodifferentneighbors.Thedistributionoftheweightedskeletondependsonthecompatibilitybetweentheremovedobjectanditsneighbor,whichconsidersnotonlytopologicalrelationshipbutalsodistancerelationshipandsemanticsimilarity.ThisprocessisbasedontheDelaunaytriangulationmodel.Thispapergivesthedetailedgeometricalgorithmsforthisoperation.

简介：TheNationalLandSurveyofFinlandisresponsibleforagreatnumberoftasks,suchasmaintainingthecadastre,registeringownershiprights,topographicsurveyingatthenationallevelaswellasscientificresearchinthespatialdatafield.TheMinistryofAgricultureandForestryleadsFinnishlandpolicyandtheNationalLandSurveyisoneofthepartiesthatimplementthepolicy.TheLandInformationSystemmaintainedbytheNationalLandSurveyisapartoftheFinnishsystemofbasicregisters,whichincludesseveralotherparties.Throughscientificresearchitispossibletoevaluatetheinformationneedsofanincreasinglydigitalsocietyforexample,theCadastre2035researchprojectisinvestigatingthechangingexpectationsofcustomers.

简介：理解长期的人环境的相互作用要求过去的陆地使用和陆地封面变化的历史的重建。大多数重建从历史的来源首先基于一致地可得到、相对标准化的信息。基于可得到的数据来源和回顾的研究，在我们考察的这篇论文数字重建和分析的途径和方法他们在下列方面的优点和可能的限制：(1)历史的文件关于过去的陆地使用包含质或半量的信息，它通常也包括档案的文件的陆地封面数据，而是准备是很费时间的。(2)历史的地图和图画为视觉、空间的量的陆地封面提供信息。(3)自然档案为经过植被重建作为一个方法有重要优点并且当历史的记录失踪或缺乏时，特别有它的唯一的可能性，但是它有重建某些陆地封面类型的大限制。(4)历史的重建模型逐渐地从实验模型被开发了到机械学的。方法做不仅重建在历史的时期的陆地使用/盖住的数量，但是它也复制空间分发。然而仍然有有高空间的分辨率的很少历史的陆地封面数据集。(5)重建方法能从多重观点基于多重来源的数据和多学科的研究造历史的陆地封面，补充失踪的数据，验证重建结果并且因此改进重建精确性。然而，有挑战，仍然在探索阶段做方法。这个方法能是为历史的陆地封面重建的一个长期的发展目标。研究人员们应该集中于由开发新模型与高空间的分辨率重建历史的陆地封面数据集以便学习结果能有效地在气候、生态的效果的模拟被使用。

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简介：TofullyunderstandthelevelsandchangingtrendsofhealthattainmentofChina’surbanandruralresidents,comprehendhealth-relatedpoliciesandeffectsofhealtheducationprogrammesandprovidescientificbasisforgovernmentsandhealthandfamilyplanningadministrativedepartmentsatvariouslevelstoformulatehealth

简介：Thisstudyexaminestheimpactsofland-usedataonthesimulationofsurfaceairtemperatureinNorthwestChinabytheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model.InternationalGeosphere-BiosphereProgram(IGBP)land-usedatawith500-mspatialresolutionaregeneratedfromModerateResolutionImagingSpectroradiometer(MODIS)satelliteproducts.ThesedataareusedtoreplacethedefaultU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)land-usedataintheWRFmodel.BasedonthedatarecordedbynationalbasicmeteorologicalobservingstationsinNorthwestChina,resultsarecomparedandevaluated.ItisfoundthatreplacingthedefaultUSGSland-usedataintheWRFmodelwiththeIGBPdataimprovestheabilityofthemodeltosimulatesurfaceairtemperatureinNorthwestChinainJulyandDecember2015.Errorsinthesimulateddaytimesurfaceairtemperaturearereduced,whiletheresultsvarybetweenseasons.Thereissomevariationinthedegreeandrangeofimpactsofland-usedataonsurfaceairtemperatureamongseasons.UsingtheIGBPdata,thesimulateddaytimesurfaceairtemperatureinJuly2015improvesatarelativelysmallnumberofstations,buttoarelativelylargedegree;whereasthesimulationofdaytimesurfaceairtemperatureinDecember2015improvesatalmostallstations,butonlytoarelativelysmalldegree(within1℃).MitigationofdaytimesurfaceairtemperatureoverestimationinJuly2015isinfluencedmainlybythechangeingroundheatflux.ThemodificationofunderestimatedtemperaturecomesmainlyfromtheimprovementofsimulatednetradiationinDecember2015.

简介：1.ThePowerIndustryandCogenerationinChina1.1ThePowerIndustryinChinaThepowerindustryhasdevelopedrapidlyinChinainrecentdecades.In1994,totalelectricitygenerationwas927.8TWhandthetotalinstalledcapacitywas199.80GW.Itisbrokendownasfollows:hydropower49.0GW.24.5%;thermalpower148.73GW,74.4c/c:andnuclearpower2.1GW,0.7%.

简介：wholesale/retail ,China’s ,At 

简介：In2009,theimpactofglobalfinancialcrisisonrealeconomybecamemoreprominent.Theworldeconomyexperiencednegativegrowthforthefirsttimeinthepast60years.Tradedecreasedona

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简介：陆地使用和陆地盖子变化(LULCC)强烈由联合生物化学、生物物理的过程影响地区性、全球的气候。然而，生物物理的过程经常被忽略，它可以抵消biogeochemical效果，因此到地址气候变化的措施不能到达目标。因此，LULCC的生物物理的影响为观察气候以后在过去和潜在的情形改变的理解是批评的。因此，鉴别气候上的大规模LULCC的机制和效果通过改变内在的表面变化是必要的，并且这样精力平衡。在必须被探讨包括的全球气候上理解人的活动的影响上的关键科学问题：(1)在中国和比较国家的LULCC的空间、时间的变化的基本科学事实是什么？(2)怎么理解联合在LULCC上然后到预报未来情形驾驶人的活动和气候变化的机制？(3)LULCC的科学机制是什么，在陆地表面，然后气候的生物物理的过程上影响吗？(4)怎么估计到气候的LULCC的贡献由影响土地的生物物理的过程变化出现？由国际比较，在本地、地区性、全球的规模的气候变化上的LULCC的影响被揭示并且评估。它能为全球变化提供理论基础，并且有大意义减轻并且适应全球气候变化。

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简介：TheissueofgrainsecurityinChinaisattractingglobalattention.Inthisresearch,weanalyzetherelationshipbetweengrainproductionandcroplandresources.Theresultsindicatethatdecouplingofthesetwovariablesisrealizedatthenationallevel,andfertilizerandirrigationplayincreasinglyimportantrolesingrainproduction.Ofthe18principalgrainproducingprovinces,sevenshowedabsolutedecoupling,threeshowedrelativedecoupling,fiveshowedquasi-relativedecoupling,andthreeprovincesshowedcoupling.Also,therelativeimportanceoffertilizerandirrigationingrainproductionisdifferentamongthefourdifferentmodesofcoupling/decoupling.

简介：TheGeologicalSurveyofNorway,incooperationwiththeGeologicalSurveysof22othercountriesandundertheaegisoftheCommissionfortheGeologicalMapoftheWorld(CGMW),hascompiledageologicalmapofnorthernEuropeatthe1:4millionscale.Forthefirsttimethegeologyofbothlandandseaareasofthislargeregionisdisplayedinasingledocument.Theareacoveredextends

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