简介:摘要语言来源于生活,在生活中学语文,这是“大语文教学观”的需要。识字、阅读、习作、口语交际都与现实生活紧密相连。在语文教学中,渗透学生的生活,使语文教学返璞归真,应让语文教学回归生活。同时生活又是学生学习的源泉,是课堂教学生活化的延伸。
简介:【内容摘要】在教学过程,学生作为教学主体必须得到应有的尊重和爱护,而教师的教学目的、教学魅力也要在这一过程中得以展现,笔者认为“温暖的教学”能够实现这一目标。在文中,笔者认为践行“温暖的教学”可以从班级设置、教学方法的选取和作业评价等三个方面入手。
简介:摘要美术是一门具有文化传承性的学科,因此,要在小学美术课堂中融入传统文化的内容。需要教师在实践中更新传统的教学模式,循循善诱,从不同的层面、不同的角度在课堂中融入传统文化因素。教学中出现的疑难,教师要积极引导和改善,让传统文化内容与小学美术课堂完美融合,本文就如何进行融合和渗透作简要分析。
简介:AIM:Toexploretheeffectofsaturatedhydrogensalineonbluelight-inducedretinaldamageinrats.·METHODS:Theretinaldamageofratswasinducedbybluelightexposurefor6hoursandexamined8hours,16hoursand24hoursaftertheexposure.OnehundredfemaleSprague-Dawleyratswererandomlydividedintofourgroups.Group1included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithoutanyothertreatment.Group2included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofnormalsaline.Group3included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensaline.AndGroup4includedtheother10ratswhichdidnotreceiveanytreatment.Theamountofintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensalineandnormalsalinewascalculatedintheratioof1ml/100gofratweight.SpecimenswerecollectedandprocessedbyH-Estaining,ultrastructureobservation,biochemicalmeasurement.Morphologicalchangeswereobservedbylightmicroscopeandtransmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)andtheretinalouternuclearlayer(ONL)thicknesswasmeasuredbyIPP6.0,whilethemalondialdehyde(MDA)wasmeasuredbycolorimetricdeterminationat532nm.·RESULTS:AlthoughthestructureofretinainGroup1andGroup2wasinjuredheavily,theinjuryinGroup3wasmild.ThedifferencesbetweenGroup1andGroup2werenotsignificant.ComparedwiththeratsinGroup1andGroup2,theonesinGroup3hadmoreclearlydemarcatedretinastructureandmoreorderedcellsbylightmicroscopeandTEMobservation.TheONLthicknesses(400times)offourgroupsateachtimepointexceptbetweenGroup1andGroup2weresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).ThethicknessesoftheONLinGroup1atthreetimepointswere30.41±4.04μm,26.11±2.82μmand20.63±1.06μm,inGroup2were31.62±4.54μm,25.08±3.63μmand19.07±3.86μm,inGroup3were29.75±3.62μm,28.83±1.97μmand27.61±1.83μm.InGroup4themeanofthethicknesswas37.35±1.37μm.Astimewentby,thedamageg