简介：AbstractBackground:Endotoxin tolerance (ET) is a protective phenomenon in which pre-treatment with a tolerance dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to dramatically elevated survival. Accumulating evidence has shown that peripheral T cells contribute to the induction of ET. However, what happens to T cell development in the thymus under ET conditions remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the alterations in thymocyte populations (double-positive [DP] and single-positive [SP] cells) under ET conditions.Methods:Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg to establish an LPS tolerance model and were divided into two groups: a group examined 72 h after LPS injection (72-h group) and a group examined 8 days after LPS injection (8-day group). Injection of phosphate-buffered saline was used as a control (control group). Changes in thymus weight, cell counts, and morphology were detected in the three groups. Moreover, surface molecules such as CD4, CD8, CD44, CD69, and CD62L were analyzed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway signaling were analyzed in thymocyte populations. The polymorphism and length of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis DNA laser scanning analysis (ABI 3730).Results:Thymus weight and cell counts were decreased in the early stage but recovered by the late stage in a murine model of LPS-induced ET. Moreover, the proportions of DP cells (control: 72.130 ± 4.074, 72-h: 10.600 ± 3.517, 8-day: 84.770 ± 2.228), CD4+ SP cells (control: 15.770 ± 4.419, 72-h: 44.670 ± 3.089, 8-day: 6.367 ± 0.513), and CD8+ SP cells (control: 7.000 ± 1.916, 72-h: 34.030 ± 3.850, 8-day: 5.133 ± 0.647) were obviously different at different stages of ET. The polymorphism and length of TCR β chain CDR3 also changed obviously, indicating the occurrence of TCR rearrangement and thymocyte diversification. Further analysis showed that the expression of surface molecules, including CD44, CD69, and CD62L, on thymocyte populations (DP and SP cells) were changed to different degrees. Finally, the proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine production, and ERK pathway signaling of thymocyte populations were changed significantly.Conclusion:These data reveal that alterations in thymocyte populations might contribute to the establishment of ET.

简介：Objective:ToinvestigatethedynamicsofplasmacAMP/Cgmpinpatientsduringcardiacsurgery,anditsrelationshiptotraumaticstress.Methods:Sixteenpatients,aged19.31years±10.4years,whounderwentanopenheartoperationwithcardiopulmonarybypass(CPB)andhypothermiawereservedassubjects.Thearterialplasmaconcentrationsofcyclicadenosinemonophosphate(Camp)andcyclicguanosinemonophosphate(Cgmp)weremeasuredbyradioimmunoassay2hoursbeforeoperation,afterheparinization,20minutesfollowingCPB,attheendoftheoperation,and24and72hourspostoperatively,respectively.Thepatients'preoperativebloodsampleswereheparinizedandthevenousbloodsamplesof30healthyblooddonorsweretakentomeasurethelevelsofCampandcGMPasheparinandnormalcontrolsseparately.Results:Therewerenostatisticaldifferenceamongtheheparincontrol,preoperativelevelandnormalcontrol.ThepeakvaluesofCampandCgmpoccurredduringCPBandplasmaCamplevelschangedsynchronouslywithintensitiesofoperativestimulustohumanbody.HowevercGMPlevelwasmainlyrelatedtotheoperativestimulustotheheartandCPB.TheCampvaluewaspositivelycorrelatedwiththeCgmpvalue(r=0.6313,P＜0.001).Conclusions:Dynamicvariationofplasmacyclicribonucleotidecanbeconsideredasareferenceparameterforintensityoftraumaticstress.

简介：Wearecurrentlyfacedwithanagingpopulation,whichisrapidlygrowingworldwide.Twothirdsofcanceroccursintheover65-yearagegroup.Societalconceptionsfromthepasthavecreatedageiststereotypes;oldageisassociatedwithfrailtyandtheelderlyareperceivedtobedestinedfordeteriorationandlossofindependence.Cancerwithintheelderlyisalsosubjecttothesestereotypes,withelderlycancerpatientsconsideredbysomenotaslikelytorecoverasyoungerpatientswithcancer.Wesummariseandreviewthecurrentconcernsregardingelderlymanagementandtreatmentsutilisedforthemanagementofoncologicaldiseaseintheelderly,anddiscusstheimpactofunder-treatmentwithinthispopulation.

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简介：Thispaperdevelopesatemperaturecontrolsysteminordertocarryoutarealtimeandcontinuousobservationonlivingcellsunderthemicroscope.Inthissystem,transparentindiumtinoxid(ITO)conductivefilmwasusedasaheater,temperaturewasmeasuredbythetemperaturedependenceofresistancebehavioroftheITOfilm,C8051F340single-clupwasusedasthecontrolhardwarecore,andthemodifiedPIDalgorithmandpulsewidthmodulation(PWM)wereadoptedasthekeycontrolsoftwareprograms.Thetemperaturesystemhadasimplestructurewithoutaddedtemperaturesensor,anuniformtemperaturedistributionwithin±1℃ontheITOfilmsurfaceandtemperaturecontrolprecisionof±0.2℃couldbeobtained.ThesystemcouldmaintainagoodgrowthstateforBHK-21livingcellunderthemicroscopefor48h.

简介：AbstractPurpose:Secondary displacement represents a frequent complication of conservative treatment of fractures, particularly of the distal radius. The gap space between skin and cast may lead to a certain degree movements and this increased mobility might favor redisplacement. The aim of this study was to develop a new 3D method, to measure the gap space in all 3 geometrical planes, and to validate this new technique in a clinical setting of distal radius fractures.Methods:This study applies 3D imaging to measure the space between plaster and skin as a potential factor of secondary displacement and therefore the failure of conservative treatment. We developed and validated a new methodology to analyze and compare different forearm casts made of plaster of Paris and fiberglass. An unpaired t-test was performed to document differences between the investigated parameters between plaster of Paris and fiberglass casts. The significance level was set at p< 0.05.Results:In a series of 15 cases, we found the width of the gap space to average 4 mm, being slightly inferior on the radial side. Comparing the two different casting materials, plaster of Paris and fiberglass, we found a significantly larger variance of space under casts made of the first material (p=0.39). A roughness analysis showed also a markedly significantly higher irregularity of the undersurface of plaster of Paris as compared with fiberglass.Conclusion:This study allows for a better understanding of the nature of the "gap space" between cast and skin and will contribute to develop and improve new immobilization techniques and materials.

简介：Objective:Toprovideanewmethodtoestimatetheeffectivenessofthoracolumbarvertebralfiniteelementmodel.Methods:amechanicalmodelofhumanthoracolumbarvertebraemotionsegmentwasmadeusingthree-dimensionalfiniteelementmethodandthestressdistributionofverticallycompressedthoracolumbarvertebraewasanalyzed,meanwhile,20patientswithburstfractureofthoracolumbarvertebraeweretestedbyCTtocalculatedaverageCTvalueatascertaineddifferentpointsofthoracolumbarvertebrae.Thecalculatedresultsandeffectivestressatthesamepositionwereanalyzedwithstraightlinecorrelation.Results:ThestresslevelofdifferentpositionofthoracolumbarvertebraeunderverticalcompressiveforcewaspositivelycorrelatedwiththecorrelativeCTvalue,andtheregressivestyle,Y-214.028±45.268x,r=0.7386,P<0.05(N=8)showedastatisticalsignificance.Conclusions:Tostudymechanismofthoracolumbarvertebraeinjuriesunderdifferentforceshasclinicalsignificance.

简介：Toothextractionwasperformedin60casesunderdigitalacupointpressureanes-thesiawitharemarkablecurativeeffect.Thecurativeeffectwashigherforlooseteeth.Theeffectiveratewas100%.Thetoothextractionunderdigitalacupointpressureanesthesiahasmanyadvantages.Toothextractioncanbeperformedonlybypressingacertainacupointwithsafety,convenienceande-conomy.Themethodavoidsthesideeffectsofnarcoticandreducesthepatient’sfearofaninjectionofnarcotic.

简介：LargeconductanceCa~(2+)-activatedK~+(BK_(Ca))channelexhibitsaphenotype-dependentexpressiononvascularsmoothmusclecells(VSMCs),whichpreferstocontractilephenotype.Meanwhile,shearstressdefinitelyinfluencesVSMCsproliferationandcontraction.Thereby,ahypothesiswasraised,wouldshearstresschangetheBK_(Ca)expressionandcorrelatewithVSMCphenotype?Inordertoinvestigateit,VSMCswereexposedtoshearstressinaparallel-plateflowchamberwith12dynes/cm~2for12h.Subsequently,theeffectofshearstressonVSMCproliferation,BK_(Ca)channelexpressionandcontractilephenotypemarker,α-smoothmusclecellactin(α-SMA)andsmoothmusclemyosinheavychain(SMMHC),wasdeterminedbyimmunofluorescencemicroscopy,flowcytometeryaswellasreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR),respectively.DatashowthatshearstressenhancedtheexpressionofBK_(Ca)channelwhileinhibitingVSMCproliferation.Paralleledtothosephenomena,theexpressionofbothα-SMAandSM-MHCweredecreasedsignificantly.TheseresultsdemonstratedthatupregulationofBK_(Ca)channelwasirrelevanttothemaintenanceVSMCofcontractilephenotypeundershearstress.ThisfindingprovidesanewinsightintounderstandingthecorrelationofBK_(Ca)channelandVSMCphenotype.

简介：AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) may cause severe microcephaly in newborn babies and Guillain-Barré syndrome in some adults. In recent decades, its range has expanded in 86 countries. There are two ecologically and evolutionarily district cycles: urban cycle and sylvatic cycle. This work aimed to estimate the urban and sylvatic cycle areas of ZIKV throughout the world. The occurrence records of vectors, non-human primate hosts, and ZIKV were collected. We chose historical climate data, predicted vectors distribution, human population density, and elevation data as the variables to fit the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). Current risk area and future prediction were performed with global climate models (GCMs) and shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Predicting the ZIKV risk area would help tailor related control strategies. The results indicated that 16.6% of the world’s landmass (except Antarctica) is a risk area in the urban cycle. Approximately 6.22 billion people (78.69% of the global population) live in the risk area, with the vast majority in South Asia, tropical Africa, South America, North America, and countries around the Mediterranean Sea. Future climate change decreases the risk area of ZIKV. This study also suggested that the sylvatic cycle happened between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. The overlap region of the urban and sylvatic cycles could be hotpots that ZIKV spill from the sylvatic to the urban cycle. It is indicated that long-term passenger screening, mosquito surveillance, and control are necessary.

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简介：AbstractImportance:Graves’ disease (GD) is rare in children under the age of 7 years. Children with this disease exhibit greater thyrotoxicity at diagnosis and require a longer course of medical therapy, compared with pubertal and postpubertal children and adults.Objective:To investigate the clinical features and identify predictors of remission in children under the age of 7 years with GD.Methods:This retrospective study included 77 children who were diagnosed with GD under the age of 7 years and were treated in the Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Children’s Hospital from 2010 to 2018. Clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and follow-up records were collected for all patients. Children who achieved remission of treatment with methimazole were compared with those who had persistent disease to identify which variables were associated with remission; multiple logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate interactions among predictive variables.Results:Sixty-three boys and 14 girls were included; the median age at diagnosis was 4.2 years (interquartile range: 3.2-5.3 years). Forty-six (56.7%) patients had no family history of thyroid disease, 17 patients had family history of thyroid disease and 14 patients with unknown family history. Of the 77 patients, 18 (23.4%) patients achieved remission of treatment with methimazole and 59 patients did not; moreover, 51 (66.2%) had Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Univariate analyses revealed no significant differences between the remission group and non-remission group in terms of age at diagnosis, sex, initial goiter size, or initial thyroid hormone concentration. However, there were a trend of correlation between the initial level of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and remission status (univariate analysis OR 1.002, P = 0.038; multivariate analysis OR 1.004, P = 0.019). Similar results were observed in univariate analysis of the initial thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) level, but this association was not significant in multivariate analysis. Cox regression analyses revealed that children with high TRAb level required longer duration of remission, compared with low TRAb level (OR 0.950, 95% CI 0.904-0.997, P = 0.037).Interpretation:Initial TRAb level was an independent predictor of remission outcome in young children under the age of 7 years with GD. Initial TRAb level may predict the likelihood of remission in patients with young-age-of-onset GD.

简介：镇静可以在指导的transrectal超声(TRUS)期间疼痛地导致减小前列腺活体检视。我们试图在在护理费用的指导TRUS的前列腺活体检视和相关增加期间评估propofol和remifentanil注入的联合的功效和安全。从1月到2010年9月，经历transrectal前列腺活体检视的100个人被使随机化进二个组。在组1，50个病人收到了propofol和remifentanil的联合注入；在组2，50个病人收到了lidocaine果冻。在指导TRUS的活体检视被执行以后，疼痛和耐心的满足被一个10点评估视觉模拟规模(管)，和一张费用相关的耐心的满足问询表被所有病人完成。病人们也被问他们是否将愿意由一样的方法经历重复活体检视。在1看了显著地更低的管的组的病人在组2比那些得分(吝啬的管分数：0.9±；1.1对6.3±；2.5；P<；0.001)。另外，耐心的满足规模在组1是显著地更高的(P=0.002)。尽管全面费用在组1是显著地更高的(P=0.006)，就费用而言的耐心的满足规模在这个组(P=0.009)也是更高的。propofol和remifentanil的联合在指导TRUS的前列腺活体检视期间是到减少病人疼痛和增加病人满足的一条安全、有效的路。尽管费用在收到了镇静，期望的组是更高的，病人展出了提高的满足和心甘情愿由一样的方法重复活体检视。

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简介：骨头骨折愈合的起始的煽动性的阶段为愈合的过程的结果代表关键步。然而，开始这个煽动性的阶段的机制和在破裂地点在场的有免疫力的房间的功能糟糕被理解。以便在破裂hematoma以内学习早事件，我们建立了一在里面vitro破裂hematoma模型：我们有教养的hematomas在bioenergetically控制的条件下面在vitro在全部的新潮的关节造形术(THA)期间在腿节的截骨术(人工的骨头破裂)期间形成。这个模型允许我们在跟随破裂的早阶段期间监视有免疫力的房间人口，房间幸存和cytokine表示。而且，这个模型使我们能改变bioenergetical条件以便模仿在里面vivo状况，它被假定被组织缺氧描绘并且限制了营养素的数量。用这个模型，我们发现有免疫力的房间经由angiogenic因素，chemoattractants和支持inflammatory分子的表示适应组织缺氧。另外，联合了氧的限制，滋养的供应与myeloid的比较提高了淋巴细胞的选择幸存导出的房间(即，neutrophils)。笔记，非限制的bioenergetical条件没关于cytokine表示或有免疫力的房间子集的不同幸存率显示出任何类似的效果。在结论，我们发现bioenergetical条件在导致骨折愈合的起始的煽动性的阶段的关键因素之中并且因此是为在早破裂hematoma影响有免疫力的房间的幸存和功能的一个关键步骤。

简介：BackgroundRapidrightventricularpacingisoneofthemethodsforcounteractingthe'windsock'effectinthethoracicendovascularaorticrepair(TEVAR).Mostofthedoctorsaretocompletethisoperationundergeneralanesthesia.Now,ouroperationhasbeenperformedunderlocalanesthesia.Norelatedreportswerefoundastowhethercanthepatienttoleraterapidrightventricularpacingunderlocalanesthesia.MethodsFrom2009Januaryto2010January,inourhospitalalltheDeBakeyⅢaorticdissectionpatientswhounderwentTEVARwererandomlydividedintogeneralanesthesiagroup(n=50)andlocalanesthesiagroup(n=51).Allthedatawerecomparedbetweentwogroupsincludingthehemodynamicindexes,thegraftpositioningaccuracy,rapidpacingduration,operationtime,intraoperativediscomfortandpostoperativeneurologicalunderstandingfunctionchangesandthecomplications.ResultsThesuccessratewere100%inthetwogroups.Thedurationofrapidpacing,operationtime,theaccuracyofgraftlocalizationandtheintraoperativediscomfortscoresofNumericalPainRatingScaleshowednosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups(P>0.05).Therewerenorapidrightventricularpacing-relatedcomplicationsinthetwogroups.ConclusionDuringthoracicendovascularaorticrepairprocedure,rapidrightventricularpacingunderlocalanesthesiaissafeandfeasible.Thusitisworthytobepopularizedinclinicalpractice.

简介：Objective:ToevaluatethetherapeuticeffectofNd:YAGlaserunderurethroscopeforthetreatmentofintraurethralCandylomaAcuminata(CA)inmales.Method:Nd:YAGlaserunderurethroscopewasemployedtoremovethewarts.Result:SeventeenpatientsoutofeighteencaseswithCAwerecuredafterthefirstprocedure.Thecureratewas94.4%.Forsecondtreatment,thecureratewas100%andnorelapseoccurredafterobservationfor12-24months.Conclusion:Nd:YAGlaserbyurethroscopeisaverygoodmethodforthetreatmentofintraurethralCA.

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