简介：

简介：在那里存在，这被证明了在垂直的热之间的生气联合由使用线性热力学的狂暴的运输和垂直速度。这结果断言热的垂直部件狂暴的运输流动由垂直潜在的温度梯度的运输和垂直速度的联合运输组成。在这篇论文，垂直的热上的垂直速度的联合效果狂暴的交通被从大气的边界层使用观察数据决定联合系数的十字验证，并且狂暴的交通的一系列重要性质外面被打开。这些性质显示生气联合系数是尺寸的对数功能不太垂直的速度和尺寸更少高度，并且不仅与磨擦速度u*,有关而且到联合粗糙高度zW0和联合温度T垂直速度的W0。另外，仅仅当垂直速度大小遵循限制|W/u*时，功能关系建议那|≠1，并且在水平z然后，垂直速度导致生气联合的W0,垂直的热上的效果狂暴的运输流动。生气联合理论和试验性的结果提供挑战给传统的狂暴的K闭合理论和Monin-Obukhov类似理论。

简介：Themixingcharacteristicsofparticlessuchasdredgedsedimentofvariablesizedischargedintocrossflowarestudiedbya3Dnumericalmodel,whichisdevelopedtomodeltheparticle-fluidtwo-phaseflow.TheEulerianmethodwiththemodifiedk-εparameterizationofturbulenceforthefluidphaseisusedtosolvefluidphase,whileaLagrangianmethodforthesolidphase(particles),boththeprocessesarecoupledthroughthemomentumsources.Inthemodelthewaketurbulenceinducedbyparticleshasbeenincludedasadditionalsourceterminthek-εmodel;andthevariabledriftvelocitiesoftheparticlesaretreatedefficientlybytheLagrangianmethodinwhichtheparticlesaretrackedexplicitlyandthediffusionprocessisapproximatedbyarandomwalkmodel.Thehydrodynamicbehaviorofdumpingacloudofparticlesisgovernedbythetotalbuoyancyofthecloud,thedragforceoneachparticleandthevelocityofcross-flow.Thecomputedresultsshowaroughlylinearrelationshipbetweenthedisplacementofthefrontalpositionandthelongitudinalwidthoftheparticlecloud.Theparticlesizeinthecloudandthevelocityofcrossflowdominatetheflowbehavior.Thecomputedresultsarecomparedwiththeresultsoflaboratoryexperimentsandsatisfactoryagreementisobtained.

简介：Thisstudyproposesanewidentificationalgorithmabouttheadmittancefunction,whichcanestimatethefullsetofsixaerodynamicadmittancefunctionsconsideringcrosspowerspectraldensityfunctionsabouttheforcesandtheturbulencecomponents.ThemethodwasfirstnumericallyvalidatedthroughMonteCarlosimulations,andthenadoptedtoestimatetheaerodynamicadmittanceofastreamlinedbridgedeck.Theidentificationmethodwasfurthervalidatedthroughacomparisonbetweenthenumericalcalculationandwindtunneltestsonamovingbridgesection.

简介：

简介：从淡水的溶解有机物(DOM)，中间咸度，并且在Jiulong河河口的海水endmember样品，中国是用有10-kDa膜的跨流动的ultrafiltration的fractionated。胶体的有机物(COM；10kDa-0.22m)retentate，低分子的重量(LMW)DOM(<10kDa)渗入，并且体积样品用吸收光谱学和三维的荧光excitation-emission-matrix光谱学被分析。COM的紫外可见的系列很类似于获得为的那些渗入并且体积样品，与增加波长monotonically减少。大多数发色团的DOM(CDOM，表示了为吸收系数一355)发生在LMW部分，当在胶体的部分的CDOM的百分比比在海水endmember(6.8%)在淡水endmember(13.4%总数)是实质地更高的时。当有COM部分的移动和在中间咸度的样品的permeate部分的并发的增加时，体积CDOM在河口显示出保守混合行为，暗示胶体的CDOM的部分被转变成LMWCDOM。二个象腐殖一样部件(C1：<250，325/402nm；并且C2：265，360/458nm)并且一个像蛋白质的部件(C3：275/334nm)用平行因素分析被识别。分别地，到体积样品的COM部分的C1，C2，和C3部件的贡献是2.5%8.7%，4.8%12.6%，和7.4%14.7%揭示那荧光灯DOM主要在LMW部分发生在Jiulong河河口。在retentate的C1和C2部件并且渗入样品显示出保守混合行为，而是C2/C1的紧张比率比的在retentate是更高的在为所有咸度样品的permeate部分，证明腐殖的部件是更多比fulvic部件在COM充实。C3/(C1+C2)的紧张比率比在permeate部分为在retentate是高得多的中间咸度并且海水样品，表明像蛋白质的部件是相对，更多比象腐殖一样部件在COM充实。到在为海水endmember在淡水endmember从14%增加到72%的retentate的全部的荧光的像蛋白质的部件(C3)的贡献取样，清楚地在混合COM的过程的河口期间与像蛋白质的部件相比由象腐殖一样部件显示优势的变化。

简介：Moststudiesofseismicnoisecross-correlation(NCC)havefocusedonregional/continentalscaleimagingusingempiricalsurface-waveGreen’sfunctionsextractedfromprimary(0.05–0.08Hz)andsecondary(0.1–0.16Hz)microseisms.Inthiswork,wepresenttheNCCresultsathigherfrequencies([0.5Hz)from6monthsseismicnoiserecordedbyalocalarray(*4kmaperture)deployedalongtheCalicofaultintheMojaveDesert,California.BothfastandslowpropagatingwavesareobservedfromtheNCCrecord-sections.WecomparetheNCCsfromsensorpairsthatshareacommonsensorwiththerecordsofaboreholeshotlocatedveryclosetothiscommonsensor.Theresultshowsagoodmatchoftheslowsurface-wavearrivals,indicatingthattheNCCmethodisabletorecoverunbiasedsurface-waveGreen’sfunctionsatlocalscales.Thestrongbody-waveNCCcomponentiscausedbythePwavesgeneratedoffshoreCalifornia.AlongaSW–NEprofileacrossthefault,weobserveapparentP-wavearrivalsandtheirreflections,whichcanbeexplainedbyalow-velocityzone(LVZ)alongtheCalicofault.WecalculatetheLVZwidthtobe*2.3km,andtheP-wavevelocityreductionwithintheLVZtobe*35%.TheseestimatesareconsistentwithotherevidenceforarelativelywideLVZalongtheCalicofault.

简介：Experimentsarereportedontheeffectsofflowintensity,obstaclealignmentandcross-sectiongeometryontheequilibriumscourdeptharoundabutments.Theeffectofflowintensitywasstudiedforclearwaterflowconditions,theobstaclealignmentwasstudiedforawiderangeofanglesoftheobstaclewiththeflowdirection,andtestsonthecross-sectiongeometryapplyonlytothecasewheretheabutmentextendsintothemainchannelofacompoundcross-section(two-stagechannel).Thechannelbankandfloodplainwerebuiltupwithsand.Thehypothesisofzeroscourforflowvelocitiessmallerthanapproximately50%ofthethresholdvelocityforthebeginningofmotionintheapproachingflowcannotberejected;maximumscouroccursforobstaclesprotrudingatrightanglefromthecross-sectionwalls,thereductionbeingsmallwhenobstaclespointupstream;comparedwithrigidbanks,thescourdepthseemstobesignificantlyreducedwhenchannelbankandfloodplainareconstitutedofalluvialmaterial.

简介：Netprimaryproduction(NPP)ofcroprepresentsthecapacityofsequestratingatmosphericCO_2inagro-ecosystem,anditplaysanimportantroleinterrestrialcarboncycling.BylinkingtheCrop-CmodelwithclimatechangescenarioprojectedbyacoupledGCMFGOALSviageographicalinformationsystem(GIS)techniques,cropNPPinChinawassimulatedfrom2000to2050.ThenationalaveragedsurfaceairtemperaturefromFGOALSisprojectedtoincreaseby1.0℃overthisperiodandthecorrespondingatmosphericCO_2concentrationis535ppmby2050undertheIPCCAIBscenario.Withaspatialresolutionof10×10km~2,modelsimulationindicatedthatanannualaverageincreaseof0.6TgCyr~(-1)(Tg=10~(12)g)wouldbepossibleundertheAIBscenario.TheNPPinthelate2040swouldincreaseby5%(30TgC)withinthe98×10~6hm~2croplandareaincontrastwiththatintheearly2000s.AfurtherinvestigationsuggestedthatchangesintheNPPwouldnotbeevenlydistributedinChina.AhigherincreasewouldoccurinamajorityofregionslocatedineasternandnorthwesternChina,whileaslightreductionwouldappearinHebeiandTianjininnorthernChina.ThespatialcharacteristicsofthecropNPPchangeareattributedprimarilytotheunevendistributionoftemperaturechange.

简介：Impactsofregionalseasurfacetemperature(SST)anomaliesontheinterdecadalvariationofthecross-equatorialflows(CEFs)inEasternHemispherearestudiedusingnumericalsimulationswithaglobalatmosphericcirculationmodel(NCARCAM3)drivenwith1950-2000monthlySSTsindifferentmarineareas(theglobe,extratropics,tropics,tropicalIndianOcean-Pacific,andtropicalPacific)andERA-40reanalysisdata.Resultsshowthatallsimulations,excepttheonedrivenwithextratropicalSSTs,cansimulatetheinterdecadalstrengtheningofCEFsaroundSomali,120oE,and150oEthatoccurredinthemidandlate-1970s.AmongthosesimulatedCEFs,theinterdecadalvariabilityinSomalianditsinterdecadalrelationshipwiththeEastAsiansummermonsoonareinbetteragreementwiththeobservations,suggestingthatchangesintheSSTsoftropicaloceans,especiallythetropicalPacific,playacrucialroleintheinterdecadalvariabilityofCEFsinSomali.TheinterdecadalchangeofCEFsinSomaliishighlyassociatedwiththeinterdecadalvariationoftropicalPacificSST.Astheinterdecadalwarmer(colder)SSThappensinthetropicalPacific,a'sandwich'patternofSSTanomalies,i.e.'+,-,+'('-,+,-'),willoccurintheeasterntropicalPacificfromnorthtosouthwithapairofanomalousanticyclone(cyclone)atthelowertroposphere;thepairlinkstoanotherpairofanomalouscyclone(anticyclone)inthetropicalIndianOceanthroughanatmosphericbridge,andthusstrengthens(weakens)theCEFsinSomali.

简介：Thispaperdiscussesnumericalresultsfromthree-dimensionallargeeddysimulationsofanoscillatingcylinderunderprescribedmovementsinuniformflow.Sixcases,namelypurein-line,purecross-flowandtwogroupsof'FigureofEight'oscillationpatternsareunderinvestigationatReynoldsnumberRe=24000.The'FigureofEight'patternineachgroupiswithidenticalshapebutoppositeorbitaldirections.Thenumericalresultsonhydrodynamicforces,higherorderforcecomponents,andvortexsheddingmodesareextensivelystudiedandcomparedwiththemeasuredexperimentaldata.Itisfoundthatthefluidforceinphasewiththevelocity,whichrepresentstheenergytransferbetweenthefluidandthecylinder,hasoppositesignanddifferentmagnitudeduetotheoppositeorbitaldirection.Higherorderforcecomponentsincross-flowdirectionarefoundtooccuratoddnumbertimesoftheoscillatingfrequency,whileevennumbersdominatethehigherorderforcecomponentsinin-linedirection.The2Cand2Tvortexsheddingmodesarewellreproducedduetotheoppositeorbitaldirectioneffect.Comparisonsbetweennumericalandexperimentalresultsindicatethatthepresentnumericalmodelcouldbearationaltoolfortheidentificationofhydrodynamiccoefficientswhicharenormallyappliedinempiricalmodelstopredictthevortex-inducedvibrationsofslendermarinestructures.

简介：在这研究，我们在场把跨洞的他们数据转变成内部井的抵抗力分发的一种实际技术。先验的信息限制被合并到一个反复的调整倒置过程，可变粗糙被增加进倒置进程。有限元素近似基于一二并且一一半维(2.5D)模型为前面的问题和为构造敏感矩阵和合成数据需要的问题设置了的“伪forward”被开发了。调整最少平方的倒置计划，抑制了，先验的信息从井日志获得了，被采用重建从二个合成电磁的数据集合的内部井的抵抗力侧面和领域数据在Gudao油领域里获得了，华东。敏感矩阵的部分衍生物被伴随方程基于交换原则计算。倒置结果合成并且地数据例子建议我们的方法面对在地数据的随机的噪音柔韧、稳定并且能被用于跨洞的他们地数据解释。

简介：Inthiswork,westudythecoupledcross-flowandin-linevortex-inducedvibration(VIV)ofafixedlymountedflexiblepipe,whichisfreetomoveincross-flow(Y-)andin-line(X-)directioninafluidflowwherethemassandnaturalfrequenciesarepreciselythesameinbothX-andY-direction.Thefluidspeedvariesfromlowtohighwiththecorrespondingvortexsheddingfrequencyvaryingfrombelowthefirstnaturalfrequencytoabovethesecondnaturalfrequencyoftheflexiblepipe.Particularemphasiswasplacedontheinvestigationoftherelationshipbetweenin-lineandcross-flowvibration.Theexperimentalresultsanalyzedbyusingthesemeasurementsexhibitsseveralvaluablefeatures.

简介：Anexperimentalstudyonabareflexiblecylinderaswellascylindersfittedwithtwotypesofcross-sectionedhelicalstrakeswascarriedoutinatowingtank.Themainpurposeofthispaperistoinvestigatetheeffectsofstrakes'crosssectiononthevortex-inducedvibrations(VIV)suppressionofaflexiblecylinder.Thesquare-sectionedandroundsectionedhelicalstrakeswereselectedintheexperimentaltests.Theuniformcurrentwasgeneratedbytowingthecylindermodelsalongthetankusingatowingcarriage.TheReynoldsnumberwasintherangeof800–16000.Thestrainresponsesweremeasuredbythestraingagesincross-flow(CF)andin-line(IL)directions.Amodalanalysismethodwasadoptedtoobtainthedisplacementresponsesusingthestrainsignalsindifferentmeasurementpositions.Thecomparisonoftheexperimentalresultsamongthebarecylinder,square-sectionedstrakedcylinderandroundsectionedstrakedcylinderwasperformed.Thehelicalstrakescaneffectivelyreducethestrainamplitude,displacementamplitude,responsefrequenciesanddominantmodesofaflexiblecylinderexcitedbyVIV.Andthemeandragcoefficientsofstrakedcylinderswereapproximatelyconsistentwitheachother.Inaddition,thesquaresectionedandround-sectionedstrakesnearlysharethesimilarVIVreductionbehaviors.Sometimes,thestrakeswithround-sectionrepresentmoreexcellenteffectsontheVIVsuppressionofresponsefrequencythanthosewithsquaresection.

简介：Inthispaper,wemadeasystematicstudyonmorethan40yearsofobservationaldataoftentemporaryfault-crossingmeasurementsitesinthecapitalcircleregionofChina.Wecalculatedhorizontalandvertica1componentsoffaultslip,andhorizontalextensionorcompressioncomponents.Consideringthetectoniccharacteristicsofthecapitalcircleregionandregionalseismicity,weanalyzedthepresentfaultactivityofthecapitalcircleregionandtherelationshipwithearthquakes.Theresultsshowthecomplexityoffaultactivityintheregion:thelevelofactivityofallfaultsislow,mostfaultsareleft-lateralstrike-slipfaults;thereislessverticalactivitythanhorizontalactivityandcrustalmovementiscontrolledbyhorizontalmovement;faultactivityandearthquakeactivityhaveacertainrelationship,regionalfaultactivityincreasesbeforeanearthquake,andfaultactivityhascertainabnormalfeaturesbeforestrongearthquakes.

简介：副热带的高度的山脉位置上的跨equatorial流动和它的影响的变化特征在这份报纸被分析了。它如下被显示出。(1)Somalicross赤道的流动的紧张与南部的半球的越来越强烈地在过去的44年和Northem半球交换的气流里在冬季和夏天正在增加。(2)在5月的Somalicross赤道的流动在台风季节在副热带的高度的山脉位置上有大多数影响，介绍积极关联。(3)诊断与在2005的真实状况一致。

简介：由细丝状的cyanobacteria，海藻的coenobia和acanthomorphicacritarch组成的器官墙的微化石的一个协会从辣椒山页岩形成(PMSF)的非石灰质的claystones和mudstones被记录了，在辣椒山在它的stratotype区域定位了，它是在波兰的神圣的生气的山的部分。这些沉积代表ysog的最旧的阶层??????????h