简介：胃癌是世界范围内高发的恶性肿瘤．正常胃黏膜在外源及内源性致病因素共同作用下发生恶变，而肿瘤的发生、发展、浸润、转移对人类身心健康造成严重影响。蛋白酪氨酸激酶（proteintyrosinekinase，PTK）是一类备受关注的效应蛋白，研究发现PTK参与了人类多种肿瘤的发生及发展过程，部分能作为肿瘤预后评估指标。c-Met癌基因编码的蛋白产物属于受体型蛋白酪氨酸激酶家族，我们尝试回顾其在人类胃腺癌中相关研究，分析Met蛋白酪氨酸激酶在胃癌发生、发展中所扮演的角色及对临床治疗的意义。

简介：AIM:Toassessthevalueofgemstonespectralimaging(GSI)inefficacyevaluationinhepatocellularcancer(HCC)aftertranscatheterarterialchemoembolization(TACE)treatment.METHODS:ThirtypatientswithHCCunderwentGSI,includingnonenhanced,arterial,portalvenousanddelayedphasescans,afterTACEtreatment.ArterialphaseimageswereacquiredwithGSIforreconstructionofvirtualnonenhancedimagesandcoloroverlayimages.Digitalsubtractionangiography(DSA)wasperformedinallthesepatients.Twoblindedandindependentreadersevaluatedthedataintworeadingsessions;standardnonenhanced,arterial,portalvenous,anddelayedphaseimageswerereadinsessionA,andtheoptimalmonochromaticimages,iodine/waterbasedimagesandspectrumfeatureswerereadinsessionB.SensitivityandspecificitywerecalculatedwiththeDSAdataasthereferencestandard.Thesensitivityandspecificitywerecomparedusingtheχ2test.RESULTS:DSArevealed154lesionsin30patients,and100ofthemhadbloodsupply.Overallsensitivityandspecificitywere72%(72/100)and77.8%(42/54)forsessionA,and97%(97/100)and94.4%(51/54)forsessionB,respectively.Thesensitivityandspecificityofthetworeadingsessionsweresignificantlydifferent(χ2=23.04,χ2=7.11,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:ComparedwithconventionalCT,GSIcouldsignificantlyimprovethedetectionofsmallandmultiplelesionswithoutincreasingtheradiationdose.Basedonspectrumfeatures,GSIcouldassesstumorhomogeneityandmoreaccuratelyidentifyresidualtumorsandrecurrentormetastaticlesionsduringefficacyevaluationandfollow-upinHCCafterTACEtreatment.

简介：AIMToprovideanupdatedassessmentofthesafetyandefficacyofenhancedrecoveryaftersurgery(ERAS)protocolsinelectivegastriccancer(GC)surgery.METHODSPubMed,Medline,EMBASE,WorldHealthOrganizationInternationalTrialRegister,andCochraneLibraryweresearcheduptoJune2017forallavailablerandomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTs)comparingERASprotocolsandstandardcare(SC)inGCsurgery.ThirteenRCTs,withatotalof1092participants,wereanalyzedinthisstudy,ofwhom545underwentERASprotocolsand547receivedSCtreatment.RESULTSNosignificantdifferencewasobservedbetweenERASandcontrolgroupsregardingtotalcomplications(P=0.88),mortality(P=0.50)andreoperation(P=0.49).Theincidenceofpulmonaryinfectionwassignificantlyreduced(P=0.03)followinggastrectomy.However,thereadmissionrateafterGCsurgerynearlytripledunderERAS(P=0.009).ERASprotocolssignificantlydecreasedthelengthofpostoperativehospitalstay(P<0.00001)andmedicalcosts(P<0.00001),andacceleratedbowelfunctionrecovery,asmeasuredbyearliertimetothefirstflatus(P=0.0004)andthefirstdefecation(P<0.0001).Moreover,ERASprotocolswereassociatedwithalowerlevelofseruminflammatoryresponse,higherserumalbumin,andsuperiorshorttermqualityoflife(QOL).CONCLUSIONCollectively,ERASresultsinacceleratedconvalescence,reductionofsurgicalstressandmedicalcosts,improvednutritionalstatus,andbetterQOLforGCpatients.However,high-qualitymulticenterRCTswithlargesamplesandlong-termfollow-upareneededtomorepreciselyevaluateERASinradicalgastrectomy.

简介：本文介绍了Ⅱc型早期胃癌常规内镜、色素内镜、NBI＋放大内镜和超声内镜的检查方法和诊断要点,强调了病变分化程度、浸润深度、范围精确判断的重要性,对临床诊治很有指导意义。

简介：自20世纪60年代萘啶酸（Nalidixicacid）问世以来，喹诺酮类药物研制非常迅速，在萘啶酸的基础上合成了多种喹诺酮类抗菌药物并广泛用于临床。由于喹诺酮类药物具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、不需做皮试、给药方便、与常用抗菌药物无交叉耐药性、生产不需使用粮食、价格比疗效相当的抗生素低等特点。临床应用迅速普及，成为当今世界上竞相开发生产和应用的重点药物。本文对喹诺酮类药物的进行了分类，以方便临床选药，对于喹诺酮类药物临床用药指征提几点建议。

简介：目的研究c—erbB—2和c—myc癌基因在胃癌组织中扩增的意义。方法应用非放射性原位杂交技术检测81例胃癌标本中c—erbB—2和c—myc的扩增情况。结果C—erbB—2和c—myc在胃癌中的扩增率分别为50．6％和67．9％。c—erbB—2基因与胃癌组织分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05），分化程度越差、浸润深度越深、淋巴结有转移，c—erbB—2基因表达率越高，而C—myc癌基因与胃癌组织分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移无关。两基因的扩增具有显著的相关性（x^2=7．26，P〈0．01）。结论c—erbB—2和c—myc扩增是胃癌发生过程中的一个重要的生物学因素，且两者具有较好的协同作用。

简介：INTRODUCTIONMolecularbiologyhasmadeatremendousimpactonthediagnosisandtreatmentofliverdiseases.Inparticular,advancesinmolecularbiologymadepossiblethediscovery

简介：目的掌握影响肝性脑病（HE）预后的危险因素。方法对国内发表资料完整、统计设计合理的11个HE研究（共1131例）进行荟萃分析。结果HE诱因分别为：消化道出血43．8％，感染33．9％，电解质紊乱29．1％，大量利尿和／或放腹水14．5％，饮食不节14．2％，肾功能衰竭13．0％，手术／创伤6．0％，药物4．5％，输血／输复合氨基酸3．2％，腹泻2．4％，便秘1．8％，原因未明／无2．7％．与HE死亡率相关因素包括：①诱因数：单一诱因死亡率33％，二种诱因为71．4％；三种或以上诱因为92．3％；三组间差异显著（P〈0．01）。②诱因纠正情况：可纠正组死亡率为18．2％，未纠正组为100％，二组间差异显著（P〈0．01）。③HE分期：Ⅰ期死亡率为O％，Ⅱ期为4．9％．Ⅲ期为34．4％，Ⅳ期为85．1％，四组间差异显著（P〈0．01）。④肝功（Child—pugh分级）：A级死亡率为19．8％，B级为49．8％，C级为80．8％，三组间差异显著（P〈0．01）。结论重视HE预后的危险因素，警惕多种诱因并存，消除其不利影响。保护肝功能是改善HE预后的重要途径。

简介：AIMToinvestigatetheroleofthecomplement5a(C5a)/C5areceptor(C5aR)pathwayinthepathogenesisofacuteliverfailure(ALF)inamousemodel.METHODSBALB/cmicewererandomlyassignedtodifferentgroups,andintraperitonealinjectionsoflipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-GalN)(600mg/kgand10μg/kg)wereusedtoinduceALF.TheKaplanMeiermethodwasusedforsurvivalanalysis.Serumalanineaminotransferase(ALT)levels,atdifferenttimepointswithina1-wkperiod,weredetectedwithabiochemistryanalyzer.Pathologicalexaminationoflivertissuewasperformed36hafterALFinduction.Serumcomplement5(C5),C5a,tumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,high-mobilitygroupproteinB1(HMGB1)andsphingosine-1-phosphatelevelsweredetectedbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbantassay.Hepaticmorphologicalchangesat36hafterALFinductionwereassessedbyhematoxylinandeosinstaining.ExpressionofC5aR,sphingosinekinase1(SphK1),p38-MAPKandp-p38-MAPKinlivertissue,peripheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)andperitonealexudativemacrophages(PEMs)ofmiceorRAW264.7cellswasanalyzedbywesternblotting.C5aRmRNAlevelsweredetectedbyquantitativereal-timePCR.RESULTSActivationofC5andup-regulationofC5aRwereobservedinlivertissueandPBMCsofmicewithALF.BlockadeofC5aRwithaC5aRantagonist(C5aRaC5aRa)significantlyreducedthelevelsofserumALT,inflammatorycytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βandIL-6)andHMGB1,aswellasthelivertissuedamage,butincreasedthesurvivalrates(P<0.01forall).BlockadeofC5aRdecreasedSphK1expressioninbothlivertissueandPBMCssignificantlyat0.5hafterALFinduction.C5aRapretreatmentsignificantlydownregulatedthephosphorylationofp38-MAPKinlivertissuesofALFmiceandC5astimulatedPEMsorRAW264.7cells.Moreover,inhibitionofp38-MAPKactivitywithSB203580reducedSphK1proteinproductionsignificantlyinPEMsafterC5astimulation.CONCLUSIONTheC5a/C5aRpath

简介：目的观察端粒酶催化亚基（hTERT）、c-myc在胆囊癌中的表达，探讨hTERT及c-myc与胆囊癌的相关性。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测15例胆囊癌组织、癌旁组织、正常胆囊黏膜及20例胆囊腺瘤性息肉组织hTERT、c-myc的表达。结果①正常胆囊黏膜、胆囊腺瘤性息肉组织、癌旁组织及胆囊癌组织hTERT的阳性表达率分别为6，67％（1/15）、10．00％（2／20）、33．33％（5／15）及80％（12／15）；c-myc阳性表达率分别为20．00％（3／15）、45．00％（9／20）、40％（6／15）及86．67％（13／15）；胆囊癌组织中hTERT与c-myc阳性表达率明显高于其它组织（P〈0．05）；②胆囊癌组织hTERT和c-myc表达与淋巴结转移有关，伴淋巴结转移的胆囊癌hTERT及c-myc阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移者（P〈0．05）；③c-myc在hTERT阳性的胆囊癌组织的表达率明显高于hTERT阴性组（P〈0．05）。结论hTERT过度表达在胆囊癌的发生发展过程中具有重要作用，c-myc在转录水平上调控hTERT的表达，进而激活端粒酶促进胆囊癌的形成。

简介：背景：临床上评估炎症性肠病活动性的方法有临床活动度、C反应蛋白（CRP）和血沉等，三者常不一致。目的：探讨CRP评估炎症性肠病活动性的价值。方法：以Logistic回归法分析80例克罗恩病（CD）、70例溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者血清CRP与血沉、临床活动度、内镜表现活动性、组织学活动性、低白蛋白血症、贫血、白细胞升高的关系；比较临床严重度、病变部位和药物治疗对CRP的影响。结果：CD中CRP与血沉相关；UC中CRP与血沉、外周血白细胞升高相关。CRP在活动性CD中显著升高（P〈0．01），重度CD和结肠CD中CRP升高较其他各组明显（P〈0．05）；活动性UC中CRP亦显著升高（P〈0．01），重度组中CRP升高较其他组明显（P〈0．05）。药物有效控制临床表现时．CRP显著下降（P〈0．01），复发时重新升高（P〉0．05）。结论：CRP升高更适于反映中至重度结肠CD和UC的活动性：具有快速反映药物治疗有效性的特点。

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheimpactofsociodemographic/clinicalfactorsonearlyvirologicalresponse(EVR)topegin-terferon/ribavirinforchronichepatitisC(CHC)inclinicalpractice.METHODS:Weconductedamulticenter,cross-sectional,observationalstudyinHepatologyUnitsof91Spanishhospitals.CHCpatientstreatedwithpeginterferonα-2aplusribavirinwereincluded.EVRwasdefinedasundetectablehepatitisCvirus(HCV)-ribonucleicacid(RNA)or≥2logHCV-RNAdecreaseafter12wkoftreatment.AbivariateanalysisofsociodemographicandclinicalvariablesassociatedwithEVRwascarriedout.IndependentfactorsassociatedwithanEVRwereanalyzedusingamultipleregressionanalysisthatincludedthefollowingbaselinedemographicandclinicalvariables:age(≤40yearsvs>40years),gender,race,educationallevel,maritalstatusandfamilystatus,weight,alcoholandtobaccoconsumption,sourceofHCVinfection,alanineaminotransferase(ALT)andaspartateaminotransferase(AST)levels,andgammaglutamyltranspeptidase(GGT)(≤85IU/mLvs>85IU/mL),serumferritin,serumHCV-RNAconcentration(<400000vs≥400000),genotype(1/4vs3/4),cirrhoticstatusandribavirindose(800/1000/1200mg/d).RESULTS:Atotalof1014patientswereincludedinthestudy.Meanageofthepatientswas44.3±9.8years,70%weremale,and97%wereCaucasian.ThemainsourcesofHCVinfectionwereintravenousdrugabuse(25%)andbloodtransfusion(23%).SeventyeightpercentwereinfectedwithHCVgenotype1/4(68%hadgenotype1)and22%withgenotypes2/3.TheHCV-RNAlevelwas>400000IU/mLin74%ofpatients.ThemeanALTandASTlevelswere88.4±69.7IU/mLand73.9±64.4IU/mL,respectively,andmeanGGTlevelwas82±91.6IU/mL.Themeanferritinlevelwas266±284.8μg/L.Only6.2%ofpatientspresentedwithcirrhosis.Allpatientsreceived180mgofpeginterferonα-2a.Themostfrequentlyusedribavirindoseswere1000mg/d(41%)and1200mg/d(41%).Theplannedtreatm

简介：近年来,有关肝脏纤维化的血清学诊断指标不断增多,其中透明质酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PⅢP)、层粘连蛋白(LN)等颇受重视。我们检测293例肝炎患者血清中的HA、C-Ⅳ、PⅢP含量并对其临床意义进行讨论。

简介：瞄准：为了在病人调查胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病的临床的参数的流行，由长期的丙肝(CHC)或长期的肝炎B(CHB)影响了。方法：我们回顾地评估了经历了肝活体检视的852个连续病人(726CHC和126CHB)。我们记录了年龄，性别，中高音，类型2糖尿病或新陈代谢的症候群(MS)，身体团索引(BMI)，和明显的疾病持续时间(增加)。结果：年龄，增加，BMI，在有温和/中等的肝纤维变性的病人的MS和糖尿病的流行在CHC是显著地更高的。然而，脂肪变性的度和在肝活体检视评估的肝纤维变性没在CHC和CHB病人之间不同。在多变量分析，年龄，性别，BMI，中高音和糖尿病是为在CHC的肝纤维变性的独立风险因素，而仅仅年龄与在CHB的肝纤维变性有关。我们也评估了在重要脂肪变性之间的协会(>30%)并且年龄，性别，BMI，糖尿病，MS和肝纤维变性。糖尿病，BMI和肝纤维变性与脂肪变性>被联系30%在CHC，而仅仅年龄和BMI与在CHB的脂肪变性有关。结论：这些数据可以显示丙肝病毒感染是为胰岛素抵抗的一个风险因素。

简介：瞄准：估计临床，生物化学并且virological在长期的丙肝(CHC)的长期的结果有在加ribavirin的peginterferon(PEG-IFN)以后的持续virological回答(SVR)的病人联合治疗。方法：有在有PEG-IFN正ribavirin的治疗以后的SVR的一百和53个病人在一个单个西班牙的中心在5年的后续研究被包括，基于标准临床的实践。临床的回忆，生物化学的分析，丙肝病毒RNA和alpha-fetoprotein测量，ultrasonography和短暂elastography每年被执行。结果：153个病人的吝啬的后续经期是76??敦瑥吗？

简介：目的了解HGV/GBV-C与HCV混合感染者肝组织HGV/GBV-C相关抗原的分布状况,探讨HGV/GBV-C对肝脏的损害机制。方法以抗HGV/GBV-CNS5单克隆抗体或抗HCVNS3单克隆抗体为试剂,采用免疫组织化学方法检测肝炎病人肝组织中HGV/GBV-C、HCV相关抗原表达。结果56例肝炎病肝组织中HGV/GBV-C相关抗原表达阳性率为26.79％(15/56);HCVNS3抗原表达阳性率为39.29％(22/56)。HGV/GBV-CNS5抗原表达阳性信号主要位于肝细胞胞浆中,染色阳性细胞周围可见淋巴细胞浸润。结论肝细胞中存在HGV/GBV-C相关抗原表达,其编码产物可能作为一种靶抗原,诱发免疫病理反应,免疫损伤可能是其发病机制之一。

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatehowweightgainafterOLTaffectsthespeedoffibrosisprogression(SFP)duringrecurrenthepatitisCvirus(HCV)infectionofthegraft.METHODS:Ninetyconsecutivepatients(63males,medianage53years;55withHCV-relatedliverdisease),transplantedatasingleinstitution,werestudied.Allwerefollowedforatleast2yearsafterOLTandhadatleastonefollow-upgraftbiopsy,performednotearlierthan1yearafterthetransplantoperation.Foreachbiopsy,asingle,experiencedpathologistgaveanestimateofboththestagingaccordingtoIshakandthedegreeofhepaticsteatosis.TheSFPwasquantifiedinfibrosisunits/month(FU/mo).Thelipidmetabolismstatusofpatientswassummarizedbytheplasmatriglycerides/cholesterol(T/C)ratio.Bodymassindex(BMI)wasmeasuredbeforeOLT,and1and2yearsafterit.RESULTS:IntheHCVpositivegroup,thehighestSFPwasobservedinthefirstpost-OLTyear.Atthattimepoint,aSFP≤0.100FU/mowasobservedmorefrequentlyamongrecipientswhohadreceivedtheirgraftfromayoungdonorandhadapre-transplantBMIvalue＞26.0kg/m2.Atcompletionofthefirstpost-transplantyear,aBMIvalue＞26.5kg/m2wasassociatedwithaT/Cratio≤1.TheproportionofpatientswithSFP＞0.100FU/modescendedinthefollowingorder:femalerecipientswithahighT/Cratio,malerecipientswithhighT/Cratio,andrecipientsofeithergenderwithlowT/Cratio.Hepaticsteatosiswasobservedmorefrequentlyinrecipientswho,inthefirstpost-transplantyear,hadincreasedtheirBMI≥1.5kg/m2incomparisontothepre-transplantvalue.Hepaticsteatosiswasinverselyassociatedwiththestagingscore.CONCLUSION:AmongHCVpositiverecipients,excessweightgainpost-OLTdoesnotrepresentafactorfavoringearlyliverfibrosisdevelopmentandmightevenbeprotectiveagainstit.

简介：AIM:Tocomparetwotypesofclassificationofintestinalmetaplasia(IM)ofthestomachandtoexploretheirrelationshiptogastriccarcinoma.METHODS:Forty-sevencasesofgastricIMwereclassifiedintotypeortypeaccordingtomucinhistochemicalstainingandcomparedwithanovelclassificationinwhichthespecimenswereclassifiedintosimpleIM(SIM)oratypicalIMaccordingtopolymorphismintermsofatypicalchangesofthemetaplasticepithelium.Forty-sevenIMandthirty-sevengastriccarcinomasa...

简介：目的建立c-Met慢病毒载体转染人脐带间充质干细胞（hUMSC）,为治疗肝衰竭作为种子细胞.方法培养hUMSC,经流式细胞技术检测细胞表面表型,转染c-Met慢病毒载体,在荧光显微镜下观察转染效率,确定最佳多重感染复数（MOI）.采用嘌呤霉素抗性筛选稳定表达c-Met的hUMSC细胞系,采用Western-blot法检测细胞c-met蛋白表达量.结果P5代细胞高表达CD44、CD90和CD105抗原,不表达CD31、CD45和CD34相关造血细胞抗原,符合人脐带间充质干细胞的特性;构建成功的c-Met慢病毒载体转染人脐带间充质干细胞最佳MOI=80,经嘌呤霉素筛药,在荧光显微镜下观察发现荧光阳性率为100%,且经Western-blot法检测证实该细胞过表达c-Met蛋白.结论成功构建过表达c-Met基因的脐带间充质干细胞,为进-步实验打下了基础.

简介：目的观察小鼠对HBVS基因和基因疫苗的应答。方法用已构建的HBVS基因疫苗(pCR3.1-S)和C基因疫苗(pCR3.1-C)分别给Balb/c小鼠多点肌肉注射,2wk后追加免疫一次,用ELISA法及MTT法检测小鼠血清抗体及脾细胞对HBsAg或HBcAg的特异性增殖反应。结果免疫接种2wk后小鼠血清抗体滴度明显高于对照组,pCR3.1-C组的刺激指数明显高于pCR3.1-S注射组。结论HBVS和C基因疫苗诱导较强的体液和细胞免疫应答强度;C基因尤以细胞免疫增高明显。