简介:Performanceenhancementisconsideredanessentialpartofsport.1However,intheworldofcompetitiveandhigh-performancesports,thereisincreasingevidenceofahighprevalenceofperformance-enhancingdrugabuse.2-4Theuseofdrugsthatis,bannedsubstances-hasbecomeaseriousproblemwithsignificantsocial,ethical,policy,andpersonalconsequences,5-7andconsequentlycompromisestheintegrityofsportsandsportsmanshipatalllevelsofcompetition,aswellasthehealthandwell-beingofindividualathletesandpublichealthingeneral.
简介:1.IntroductionPhysicalinactivityhasbeenidentifiedasthefourthleadingriskfactorforglobalmortality.~1Globally,itaccountsforabout6%ofdeaths,21%–25%ofbreastandcoloncancers,27%ofdiabetes,and30%ofischemicheartdisease.~1InChina,theeconomiccostsofhealthdiseasesduetophysicalinactivityhadreached6.7billionUSdollarsin2007,whichaccountedfor
简介:Deareditor,In2016,severallandmarkgovernmentinitiativeswerelaunchedinanefforttobuildamorehealthyChina.InMarch,theNationalPeople’sCongressofChinaadoptedthe13thFiveYearPlan,whichsetsoutnewobjectives,principles,andtargetsfor2016–2020,1includingactionplansforenhancingenvironmentalprotectionandgreengrowth,promotingindividualand
简介:1.IntroductionChinahasbeentransforming.Sincethelate1970s,China’seconomyhasincreasedmanyfold,theproportionofChineselivinginurbanareashasmorethandoubled,lifeexpectancyhasincreasedby10years~1andthecountryhastransitionedfromthe'bicyclekingdom'totheworld’slargest'automarket'.~2Asaresult,Chinaisnowchallengedbythe'sideeffects'ofeco-
简介:Background:Physicalactivity(PA)hasbeenshowntobenefitcognitivefunctioninolderadults.However,thecognitivebenefitsofexercisingforolderChineseadultshavenotbeensystematicallydocumented.ThisstudywastoconductasystematicreviewonevidencethatPAisbeneficialforcognitivefunctioninginolderChineseadults.Methods:Majordatabases,includingPubMed,EMBASE,CochraneLibrary,WanFang,CNKI,andVIP,weresearchedforstudiespublishedinEnglishorChinesebetweenJanuary2000andDecember2015.Randomizedandnon-randomizedcontrolledtrials(RCTsandnon-RCTs),cohort,case-controlandcross-sectionalstudiesthatevaluatedPAandcognitivefunctionamongolderChineseadultswereincludedinthisreview.Results:Of53studiesincludedandreviewed,33wereobservational(22cross-sectional,7case-control,and4cohort)and20wereexperimental(15RCTs,5non-RCTs).Observationalstudiesshowedanassociationofreducedriskofcognitive-relateddiseases(i.e.,mildcognitiveimpairment,Alzheimer’sdisease,anddementia)throughPA,whereasexperimentalstudiesreportedexercise-inducedimprovementinmultipledomainsofcognitivefunction(i.e.,globalcognitivefunction,memory,executivefunction,attention,language,andprocessingrecourse).Conclusion:ThissystematicreviewprovidesinitialevidencethatPAmaybenefitcognitioninolderChineseadults.FurtherstudiesofindividualswithcognitiveimpairmentsandprospectiveandRCTstudieshavinghighscientificrigorareneededtocorroboratethefindingsreportedinthisreview.
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简介:Background:Neighborhoodbuiltenvironmentmayprofoundlyinfluencechildren’sphysicalactivity(PA)andbodyweight.ThisstudysystematicallyreviewedscientificevidenceregardingtheimpactofbuiltenvironmentonPAandobesityamongchildrenandadolescentsinChina.Methods:AkeywordandreferencesearchwasconductedinActiveLivingResearch,CochraneLibrary,PubMed,andWebofScience.Studiesthatmetallofthefollowingcriteriawereincludedinthereview:(1)studydesigns-experimentalstudies,observationalstudies,andqualitativestudies;(2)studysubjects-Chinesechildrenand/oradolescentsaged≤17years;(3)exposures-neighborhoodbuiltenvironment;(4)outcomes-PAand/orbodyweightstatus;(5)articletype-peer-reviewedpublications;(6)timewindowofsearch-fromtheinceptionofanelectronicbibliographicdatabasetoMay31,2018;(7)country-China;and(8)language-articleswritteninEnglish.Results:Atotalof20studies,including16cross-sectionalstudies,3longitudinalstudies,and1descriptivestudy,metthepredeterminedselectioncriteriaandwereincludedinthereview.Atotalof13studiesadoptedsubjectivebuiltenvironmentmeasuresreportedbyparentsand/orchildren,2adoptedobjectivemeasures(e.g.,geographicalinformationsystem,fieldobservations),and5adoptedbothobjectiveandsubjectivemeasures.PAbehaviorsincludedPA,physicalinactivity,sedentarybehavior,active/passivecommutingfrom/toschool,andparkvisits.Amongthe16studiesthatprovidedsomequantitativeestimatesoftheinfluenceofbuiltenvironmentonPAandbodyweightstatus,allreportedastatisticallysignificantrelationshipintheexpecteddirection.Availabilityandaccessibilityinproximitytogreenspaces,parks,recreationalfacilities,andsidewalkswerefoundtobeassociatedwithincreasedPAlevels,reducedsedentarybehaviors,and/oractivecommutingamongChinesechildrenandadolescents.Incontrast,theabsenceofbikelanesandlivinginhigherdensityresidentialareaswer
简介:ThesignificantincreaseinthenumberofolderadultsinChina,coupledwithcontinuingindustrializationandurbanization,hasprofoundsocialandeconomicramifications,includingtheevolutionofmajorchallengestopublichealth,eldercareservices,policy-making,andthenation’shealthcaresystem.WhiletheunprecedentedchangesinpoliticalandeconomicstructureshaveobviouslyincreasedChina’sproductivityandrevenues,whatislesswellunderstoodishowtheyhave
简介:ThreedecadesofrapideconomicdevelopmentinChinahavenotonlybenefitedmillionsofChinesebyimprovingtheirlivingstandardsbuthavealsodramaticallyincreasedthenumberofpeoplewhoarepartofthecountry’sagingpopulation.However,economicgrowthhasnotbeenaccompaniedbysufficientattentiongiventoimportantpublichealthissues,includinganincreaseintheincidenceofchronicdiseasesandadeclineinphysicalactivity(PA)thatcomeswithanagingpopulation.TherapidgrowthinChina’solderpopulationwillsoonexertanimpactonthenation’seconomy,populationhealthstatus,andhealthbehaviors,andwillincreasestressonitshealthcaresystem.Thisreviewarticleprovidesabroadperspectiveontheimpactofrapideconomicdevelopment,industrialization,andurbanizationonhealth-relatedbehaviors,withaspecificfocusonPAamongolderadults.Specifically,thearticleoffersanoverviewofthedemographiccontext,significantpublichealthchallenges,evidenceonPAandexerciseinterventions,andknowledgegapsandfuturedirectionsforresearch.
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