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简介:ThefeaturesofphysicalgeographyinthetransitionalregionbetweenQinlingMountainsandHuanghuaiPlainpossesstransitionalcharactersevidentlyintwodirections:oneisfromthewesternmountaintotheeasternplainandtheotherisfromsouthernsubtropicalzonetonortherntemperatezone.Torrentialrain,especiallystrongtorrentialrainisfrequentinthetransitionalregion,andtherearemanytorrentialraincenters.Amajorityoftorrentialrainisdistributedamong100-200masl.Thewintertemperatureat100-400maslishigherthanthatinHuanghuaiPlainwhosealtitudeislowerthanthatofthetransitionalregion,andthehighesttemperatureinJanuaryappearsat350-400masl.Thethicknessofwarmslopebeltinthetransitionalregionvariesfrom100mto250masl.Theformationoftorrentialrainandwarmslopebeltistheresultofjointactionofatmosphericcirculationandlocalterrain.Frequenttorrentialrainsandwarmslopebelthadtremendousinfluencesonthesoilproperties,plantdistributionandlocalclimateinthetransitionalregion.
简介:沙坡头自然保护区的有湿地1130hm^2,分为天然湿地和人工湿地.先后三次对保护区水禽进行了调查,共记录到水禽61种,占国内水禽总种数的23.55%;其中有繁殖种类22种,占保护区水禽总种数的36.1%.在记录到的水禽中,属国家Ⅰ级保护的有2种;属国家Ⅱ级保护的有5种;列入〈国际濒危动植物贸易公约〉附录Ⅱ限制贸易的有5种;列入〈中澳保护候鸟及其栖息环境协定〉鸟类名录的水禽有14种;列入〈中日保护候鸟及栖息环境协定〉的有39种.调查结果表明,保护区水禽种类和数量发生了显著变化:1986~1987年记录到水禽30种,1986年夏季数量为39.83只/km;1998~1999年种类增加至42种,1999年夏季数量为73.38只/km;2002~2004年种类升至48种,2003年夏季数量上升至169.28只/km,变化较大.令保护区水禽种类和数量增加的一个主要因素是鱼塘的开发.但还存在一些潜在的因素正影响着保护区水鸟多样性的动态.因此应该制定适宜沙坡头自然保护区的法律法规,对保护区的水鸟进行保护.
简介:鹤类属大型涉禽,由于数量稀少,均被列为国家级重点保护鸟类.于1999~2001年在黑龙江省挠力河国家级保护区的长林岛和雁窝岛分别设立9个和8个固定观测点,对丹顶鹤(Grusjaponensis)和白枕鹤(Grusvipio)种群数量动态进行连续监测.长林岛、雁窝岛各年度同期(月)鹤类种群数量统计表明,长林岛、雁窝岛丹顶鹤年度间同期种群数量间的相关性不显著,而白枕鹤年度间同期的种群数量密切相关,且两地不同年度同期白枕鹤种群总数的相关性尤为显著,这说明丹顶鹤生活史各阶段有不同的生境需求,保护区不能提供丹顶鹤需求的全部生境类型;而白枕鹤生活史各阶段选择的生境单一,领域较为固定;对不同年度鹤类数量的统计分析看出,丹顶鹤与白枕鹤对于水域、湿草甸、沼泽生境连续3年表现出一致的选择,年度间各类生境鹤类数量的相关性显著,说明近年鹤类种群动态变化与气候因素无关;对本区不同年度各固定监测点鹤类数量动态的回归分析表明,长林岛每年同期各监测点的丹顶鹤与白枕鹤数量回归显著,说明丹顶鹤与白枕鹤同域分布,但有季节差异,而雁窝岛各监测点年度间的鹤类数量回归不显著,这显然是人为干扰造成的.调查证明影响本区鹤类数量分布变化的主要原因是人为干扰和火灾.