新高考背景下高考英语阅读解题方法浅析——同(原词)、近义词替换法

(整期优先)网络出版时间:2023-01-09
/ 2

新高考背景下高考英语阅读解题方法浅析——同(原词)、近义词替换法

冀鹏

西安市田家炳中学 陕西西安 710500

【摘要】所有考生都知道:“得阅读者得高考英语” 。而面对新高考改革背景下高考英语试卷的新变化,笔者立足一线阅读教学实际以历年高考英语真题为依托浅显的总结一下解答高考英语阅读理的一种方法——同(原词)、近义词替换法。希望能给大家在以后的教学中带来一点帮助。

【关键词】  新高考  英语阅读  同(原词)、近义词

《陕西省深化普通高等学校考试招生综合改革实施方案》中明确了陕西省高考综合改革从2022年起启动,2025年整体实施。在新高考背景下,高考英语试题结构也将随之而变,但阅读理解题型和分值将不会有太大变化而英语阅读理解试题的难度肯定会不断增大如此更体现了人们常说的“得阅读理解者得高考英语”这句话。在此,我结合自己近几年的教学实际就学生在做英语阅读理解题方面浅显地总结一种做题方法 —— 同(原词)、近义词替换法。

通常情况下我们做阅读理解题时要经过以下个步骤:第一步通读全文,把握大意 (图标广告类除外);第二步分析题干,找准关键词准确定位;返回原文,对比选项,确定答案。在这三个步骤中,第一步很简单,考生基本都能做到;第二步稍有难度,大部分同学也都能做到;但第三步难度较大,大多数出错的同学都是在这一步出现了问题。在英语阅读教学过程中,我们不难发现许多阅读理解题答案中的关键词和原文中的某个词是同义(原词)或近义词,有时只是词性转换了而已。因此,我们很有必要就此类题型的做题方法(同、近义词替换)做浅显的剖析:

新高考背景下,根据阅读理解题答案设置类型其主要分大类:.四选一阅读二.七选五阅读下面我们结合近几年的高考真题将分类说明此方法在这些题型中的应用:

一.四选一阅读

对于四选一阅读理解中的细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词意猜测等四个题干类型,我们在做题题过程中都可以运用同(原词)、近义词替换

实战演练 (一 ) 

  (2019·全国卷Ⅱ,D篇节选)

(第二段)HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years,Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,and they think they’re  close to a solution(解决方案).“We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,“says Florence Gold,a project manager.

“There are no tests,”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades,other than‘Are you working towards your goal?’Basically,it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of the year,present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in­person review,and …it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.” ….

13.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?

A.To strengthen teacher­student relationships.

B.To sharpen students’ communication skills.

C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.

D.To link space technology with school education.

分析:

第13题属于细节理解类。我们在定位了题干的关键词“HUNCH program”后,发现第二段第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high  school classrooms with NASA engineers.”中的connect 和选项D中的link…意思相近,是可以替换的。所以正确答案为D。

实战演练(二 )

(2019·全国卷Ⅱ,B篇节选)

(第四段)Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.

27.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?

A.It gives her a sense of duty.

B.It makes her very happy.

C.It enables her to work hard.

D.It brings her material rewards.

分析:

第27题属于推理判断题。我们在定位了题干的关键词“doing volunteer work”后,发现在第四段中的最后两句“...services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.”中的“a real joy、feels so good.”和B选项中的“very happy” 意思相同且可以替换,故选B项。

.七选五阅读

解答七选五阅读理解题的常规方法是通读全文,掌握大意;分析选项,标记关键词;观察空格位置,细读空格前后;代入答案,通读验证。而我们在标记选项中的关键词和细读空格前后句子的时候,常运用同(原词)、近义词替换法来选择答案,尤其是原词复现情况在七选五阅读理解题中出现的比较多。以下以实例说明:

实战演练

(2022年·全国乙卷.节选)

19 

Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.

A. Remember important dates

分析:19空位于句首,在细读空格后的句子时,我们发现A项中的dates与空格后的Anniversaries and birthdays所属关系,且后文中也出现了dates这个单词,属于原词复现情况,故选A项。

总之,阅读有法,但阅读无定法,贵在得法。当学生积累了足够的词汇量之后通过适当地做题训练恰当地运用一些做题技巧,答题效果肯定会事半功倍