丁德超河南商城县达权店高中
Ⅰ.“虚义”it是一种“非指代性”it,以示区别于人称代词it,常用作没有具体意义的主语。
1.“虚义”it常出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如:
Itiscoldtoday.
ItismildandrainyinthewinterinEngland.
Itis1℃/33.8℉heretoday.
Itis9:00o’clocknow.
ItisShangchengcountyhere.
Itis2kilometresfrommyhometoourschool.
Wereittorain,Iwouldn’tcome.
2.“虚义”it有时也用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如:
Itisdullhere―nopeople,nomusicbutonlymyself.
3.“虚义”it有时也常见于以下结构中。如:
Itseemsasthoughourideaispracticalforthemoment.
Itlooksasifshewereanangel.
It’smyturnnow.
4.“虚义”it也常用在某些常用语中,作形式上的动词宾语或介词的宾语,该习惯用语都有其特定的意义,但it并无特定意义。如:
Bobhadahardtimeofit.(=Bobwassuffering.)
Ⅱ.“先行”it充当形式主语或形式宾语,真正的主语或宾语是后面的不定式结构、–ing分词结构或名词性从句。如:
Itisdifficultformetosolvetheproblem.
Wefinditdifficultforhimtoforgetthatthing.
Itiswellknownthatheishonest.
Hemadeitclearthathewouldn’tcomeback.
当然也可以用后面的结构代替it。但是,都远不如上述句子常见,而且并非所有结构都可互换。如:
Itseemsthathedoesn’tknowthisthing.
IthappenedJimwastheonlywitness.
上述结构可变为:
Hedoesn’tseemtoknowthisthing.
Jimhappenedtobetheonlywitness.
Ⅲ.“分裂句引导词”it(即“强调句引导词”it),其结构形式为:“It+be的一定形式+被强调成分+that/who+剩余部分”,其中被强调成分可以是除谓语动词以外的任何成分。如:
ItwasJohnthatwontherace.
ItwasthewatchthatIlenthim.
ItmayhavebeenatChristmasthathismothergaveJimabox.
ItwaswhenIcameherethathewentaway.
ItwasbecauseIlovethedogthatItakeithere.
高考试题回放
1.Thefactthatshewasforeignmadedifficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.(2010辽宁,33)
A.soB.muchC.thatD.it
2.—DoyouknowifLindaiswillingtotakechargeoftheprogram?
—,doesit?(2010安徽,24)
A.ItmakesnotimeB.Itcountsfornothing
C.Itdoesn’thurttoaskD.Itdoesn’tmakesense
3.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillagethehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.(2010安徽,27)
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
4.John'ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardworkhasmadehimwhatheistoday.(2010湖南,25)
A.whyB.whenC.whichD.that
5.Itisuncertainsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.(2010浙江,9)
A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether
6.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.(2009湖南,29)
A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused
7.Itwas_____hecamebankfromAfricathatwear_________hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.(2009江西,27)
A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.only;whenK
8.Itisobvioustothestudents______theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.(2009天津,7)
A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that
9.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver______MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.(2008天津,8)
A.howB.whichC.thatD.where
10.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright______isofimportance.(2007重庆,27)
A.whichB.itC.thatD.this
参考答案:1—10DCBDBDCDCC