水工建筑物施工中的软基处理研究陈水胜

陈水胜朱李春杨北胜陈利雄令凡冯震华通讯作

中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业部南海渔业资源环境科学观测实验站广东广州510300

摘要：软土地基和硬土相比，具有较大含水量、较强压缩性、较大孔隙性、较强韧度等特点，同时透水性非常差。作为水工建筑物的地基，这种地基会造成沉降快、排水固结慢，稳定性差的现象发生，造成水工建筑物的质量不合格。因此，需要采取相关处理措施，提高水工建筑物的承载力和稳定性。

关键词：水工建筑物；施工；软基处理

StudyonSoftJiTreatmentinConstructionofHydrographicBuildings

【Summary】Comparedwithhardsoilandsoftsoil，ithasthecharacteristicsofgreaterwatercontent，strongercompressibility，greaterporosityandtoughness.Atthesametime，waterpermeabilityisverypoor.Asthefoundationofhydraulicbuilding，thisfoundationwillcausefastsettlement，slowconsolidationofdrainageandpoorstability，resultinginunqualifiedqualityofhydraulicbuilding.Therefore，relevantmeasuresshouldbetakentoimprovethebearingcapacityandstabilityofhydraulicbuildings.

【Keywords】Hydrographicbuildings；Construction；SoftJi

preface

Thehydraulicbuildingismainlyadambody.Becauseofthehugepressure，theconstructionpersonnelneedtodealwiththesoftsoilfoundationstrictly.Becauseofthebadconstructionenvironment，constructionpersonnelhavedevelopedavarietyofmethodstodealwithsoftfoundationproblems.Furthermore，thestabilityofthewholehydraulicbuildingcanmeettherequirementsofthedesign.

1Policyresponses

1.1Landconversion

Landexchangeisacommonmethodintheconstructionofhydraulicengineering.Becausetheconstructionofthebuildingisinthepositionoftheriver，thegeologicalstructureisusuallysoftclayorsilt，etc.Therefore，inordertodealwithsoftfoundationeffectively，itisnecessarytousesoilconversionmethodanditsconstructionmethodisrelativelysimple.Inparticular，thesiltlayercontainedinthesoftfoundationisexcavatedbyconstructionmachinery，andthenthenewsandloamisreplacedwiththedredgedmudpituntilthedesignelevationisreached.Inaddition，itisalsoapplicabletotheconstructionprocessoftootightconstructiontime，whileencountersoftfoundation.Inordertoensurethatthenewsoilcanbeeffectivelycombinedwiththeoldsoilafterreplacement，theconstructionpersonnelintheexcavation，mustbeconnectedtothesurfaceshavings，butalsoneedtheprojectmastertoformulateasupportingconstructionplan，thatis，themainfoursteps，becausethesoftfoundationissilt，socontainingalotofwater，theconstructionpersonnelneedtodrainwaterbeforeexcavation.Thesecondistouseconstructionmachinerytodredgethesiltout，butitisimportanttonotethatwhentheexcavationtotheholdinglayer，canstop，andinordertoensurethatthenewsoilcanbefilledwiththeperfectconnectionwithitlater，intheexcavationprocess，theinterfacesurfaceneedstobeshaved.Third，afterreplacingthefilling，theconstructionmachinerysuchasbulldozerwillberammed，generallybytheconstructionmachineryonthesurfaceofthegroundbackandforthabout10times.Thefinalstepistoensurethatthefoundationstructurecanbestronger，butalsotoaddsoilintoit.

1.2PileFoundationMethod

Inthecourseoffoundationconstruction，ifthethicknessofsilthasalreadyexceeded4meters，itneedstobetreatedbypilefoundationmethod.However，beforeusingthismethod，theconstructionpersonnelmustfirstmakeacarefulstudyofthegeologicalstructureandthenmakeaspecificconstructionplantoguidetheconstruction.Accordingtothethicknessofsilt，theauthorsmainlygivesomeconstructiontechnologyofpilefoundation.First，whenthesiltthicknessisabout4meters，cementlimepilecanbeusedtotreatsoftfoundation.Inaddition，themethodisbeneficialtoimprovetheanti-seepageforceofthefoundation.Inaddition，themethodcanenhancetheanti-seepagestrengthofthefoundation.Thecementlimepileusuallyhasadiameterof400mmandadistanceofabout1.5mperpile.Toensurethatitcanbeeffectivelyreinforced，thepitchshouldbeadjustedappropriatelywiththediameterofthepile，followedbytheneedtocontinuerammingtheprefabwhenthesiltreachesadepthofabout6Muntilthesurroundingsoilisfreeofsqueezing.Nowstoprammingdeep.Whenthethicknessiscloseto10meters，itisnecessarytodrillthesameholeintothehardsoilforgrouting.I'msorry.Finally，whenthethicknessofthesiltismorethan10meters，levitationpileisneededtoincreasethecompactnessofthesiltandincreasethebearingcapacity.Inaddition，thefollowingprinciplesshouldbefollowedindeterminingpilelength：thedepthofthefullsectionofthepileendintotheholdinglayershouldnotbelessthan2dforclayandsilt，lessthan1.5dforsandandlessthan1dforgravel.Whenthereisaweakunderlyinglayer，thethicknessofthehardholdinglayerbelowthepilefoundationshouldnotbelessthan4d.

1.3Optimizationofstructure

Ifasoftfoundationisencounteredduringtheprocessingofsoftbase，itisnecessarytousetheoptimizationmethod.Thiscansolvethisproblemeffectively.Ifthehydraulicbuildingissmaller，thefloorareaofthefoundationcanbeincreasedduringconstruction，andthepressureofthefoundationcanbereduced.Ifthebuildingislarge，theemptyboxfloorisrequired.Thismethodmainlyusestherelationshipbetweenphysicalforceandpressuretorealizethetreatmentofsoftbase，soitmainlyliesintheconstructionofthebaseplateofthestructure.Ingeneral，thedesignofthestructureisaplategirdertypestructure，whichcontrolstheouteredgeofthebaseplate，thusincreasingthecarryingcapacityoftheentirebaseplate.Atthesametime，horizontalandlongitudinalgirderstructuresarerequiredinthemiddleofthebaseplatetoreducetheweightoftheentirebaseandslowdownthesinkingrate。Inaddition，therearemanycharacteristicsofthismethod，whichcangreatlyimprovetheanti-skidcapacityandbearingcapacityofthefoundation.

2Anti-seepagesolutions

2.1Toimprovetheanti-seepagepropertyofdambodybytreatingsoftfoundation

Inordertoensuretheimpermeabilityofthedamduringconstruction，thesoftfoundationmustbetreatedwell.Theconstructionpersonnelneedtopayattentiontothepoorbearingcapacityofthefoundation，mustensurethestabilityoftheweightofthedam，intheactualprocessingprocesscanuseadvancedwaterproofmaterialstodealwithit.Inthetreatmentmethod，thegeotechnicalfilmcanbeusedtointercepttheseepage，andthenplacedontheadjacentsurfacetoachievethepurposeofimpermeability.However，theconstructionpersonnelneedtocontroltheslopeonthesurfaceofthewater，usuallytheslopevalueissmall，caneffectivelyusethewaterweight，thusensuringthebuilding'santi-skidabilitycanmeettherequirements，inaddition，thismethodcanalsoincreasethesectionareaofthebuilding，makethebuilding'sbasewidthincrease，andthuseffectivelyimprovethebuilding'santi-seepageperformance.

2.2Basicimpermeability

Indealingwiththisproblem，weshouldfirstsolvethetwomajorproblemsthatbesetthefoundationconstruction，oneisthesideimpermeability，theotheristheEmplacementoftheimpermeabilitywall.Therefore，inordertoimprovetheimpermeabilityofthefoundation，theimpermeabilitywallcanbearrangedintheupstreamanddownstreamkeyposition，soastoincreasethelengthofthediameter.Inaddition，theproblemofimpermeabilityonthesidecanbedealtwithbybuildingawatercutring，butthebuildersneedtocontrolitswidthtoensurethatitisnotlowerthanthetotaldepthoftheimpermeablewallalreadyatthebottom.Inordertosolvetheproblemoftelescopicsutures，tarmacfeltcanbewrappedonthetelescopicsuturestoavoidtheproblemofwaterseepageatthetelescopicsuturesafterthestructureisputintouse，thusimprovingthestabilityofthewholefoundation.

3tag

WaterConservancyprojectisdifferentfrommunicipalproject，ithasmanykindsoffactorsrestrictionduringconstruction，andconstructionconditionalsohasbigdifference.Thispaperdescribesthreecommonmethodsforsoftbasetreatment，becauseofitsownscopeofuse，itshouldbeconsideredintheactualtreatmentprocess.Inaddition，theconstructionpersonnelcannotstophere，butshouldinthefuturesocialdevelopmentprocessconstantlygropeoutthemoreadvancedconstructiontechnology，andthenachieveagoodtreatmenteffect，toachievetheirownindustrydevelopment.

参考文献

[1]AnalysisofthebasicgroutingconstructiontechnologyofwaterConservancyandhydropowerproject[J]-I'msorry.IndustryC/，2016，（38）