Simulationcanbedefinedasmalingering,orsometimesfunctionalvisualloss(FVL).Itmanifestsaseithersimulatinganophthalmicdisease(positivesimulation),ordenialofophthalmicdisease(negativesimulation).Consciousbehaviorandcompensationorindemnityclaimsareprominentfeaturesofsimulation.Sincesomeauthorssuggestthatthisisamanifestationofunderlyingpsychopathology,evenconversionisincludedinthiscontext.Intoday’sworld,everyophthalmologistcanfacewithsimulationofophthalmicdiseaseordisorder.Incaseofsimulationsuspect,thephysician’sresponsibilityistoprovethesimulationconsideringthedisease/disorderfirst,andsimulationasanexclusion.Insimulationexaminations,thephysicianshouldbefirmandsmarttoselectappropriatetest(s)toconvincenotonlythesubject,butalsothejudgeincaseofindemnityorcompensationtrials.Almostallophthalmicsensoryandmotorfunctionsincludingvisualacuity,visualfield,colorvisionandnightvisioncanbethesubjectofsimulation.Examinermustbeskillfulinselectingthemostappropriatetest.Apartfromthoseintheliterature,weincludedallkindsofsimulationinophthalmology.Inaddition,simulationexaminationtechniques,suchas,useofOCT(opticalcoherencetomography),frequencydoublingperimetry(FDP),andmodifiedpolarizationtestswerealsoincluded.Inthisreview,wemadeathoroughliteraturesearch,andaddedourexperiencestogivethereadersup-to-dateinformationonmalingeringorsimulationinophthalmology.
