简介:研究表明含氟气体的性质决定了原子氟(F)的转化效率,通常在CxFy气体中x的值越大,氟(F)的转化效率也就会越高。所以C3F8(八氟丙烷)比C2F6(乙氟烷)具有更高的利用效率,更少的PFC(全氟化物)的排放。文章主要研究在以四乙氧基硅烷(TOES)为基础的离子增强化学气相沉积(PlasmaEnhancedChemicalVaporDeposition,PECVD)的清洗制程中,利用分解效率高的C3F8气体取代C2F6气体。通过实验设计(DesignOfExperiment,DOE),调整腔体压力、射频(RF)功率、气体流量等参数,最终得到最优化的新清洗配方。应用到实际的量产中,有效地降低了成本,减少了PFC的排放。
简介:基于LINUX下的ARM开发之前需要建立开发环境,BOOTIDADER是不可缺少的一个环节。BOOTIDADER是操作系统和硬件的枢纽,负责初始化硬件和引导操作系统,VIVI是BOOTLOADER一种。
简介:Thehydrationoftricalciumaluminate(C3A)hasasignificanteffectontheeffectivenessofcement-basedsystems.Inaddition,thecarbonationofhydrationproductsofC3Aisparticularlyimportantinrespectofdurabilityperformance.ThepresentworkinvestigatesthehydrationandcarbonationreactionsofC3AandthechangesinducedbythepresenceoftheheavymetalionssuchasZn2+,Pb2+,Cu2+andCr3+byX-raydiffractometry(XRD).DuringhydrationofC3A,gehlenitehydrate,hydrogarnet,calciummonoaluminate(C4AHx)andcalciumcarboaluminateweredetectedinC3ApastesexcepttheZn2+dopedpaste,wherehydrogarnetdidnotform.Theexaminationsrevealedthatheavymetalscoexistedwithgehlenitehydrate,calciummonoaluminate(C4AHx)andcalciumcarboaluminate,inhibitingtheformationofhydrogarnet.HydratingC3Awasliabletobecarbonatedonexposuretoairandcarbondioxide,especiallyinthepresenceofheavymetals,resultingintheformationofcarboaluminateand/orcalciumcarbonate.Thepresenceofheavymetalsin-fluencedthepolymorphismofcalciumcarbonate,ndicatingthatheavymetalscouldco-precipitatewithcalciumtoformacarbonatesolidsolution.
简介:背景:针对颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,C3椎板2种处理方式(C3椎板切除与C3椎板成形)的临床效果以及对术后颈椎功能的影响如何,相关客观评价较少,为此进行了此项研究。目的:系统评价颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术中C3椎板切除与C3椎板成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法:计算机检索CochraneCentral、PubMed、EMbase、theISIWebofKnowledgeDatabase、CNKI、CMB、维普、万方数据库,检索时间均为建库时间至2018-07-01。纳入关于C3椎板切除和椎板成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病疗效对比的随机或非随机对照试验。Meta分析采用Cochrane协作网提供的Rev-Man5.3软件进行。结果与结论:①共纳入5个研究,316例患者,其中C3椎板切除组146例,C3椎板成形组170例;②Mate分析结果显示,在术后颈椎功能方面,与传统C3椎板成形相比,C3椎板切除术后颈椎活动度丢失较少[SMD=-5.89,95%CI(-7.25,-4.70),P<0.05]、术后轴性症状发生率低[SMD=-0.23,95%CI(0.12,0.46),P<0.05];③在神经功能恢复方面,2组术后日本骨科协会评分差异无显著性意义[SMD=-0.02,95%CI(-0.55,0.51),P=0.95>0.05];④结果表明,采用椎管扩大成形治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病时C3椎板的2种处理方式(椎板切除或椎板成形)均能取得较好的临床效果,但椎板切除能有效防止颈椎活动度丢失、降低术后轴性症状发生率。
简介:[Co3(1,2-S2C6H4)3(PPh3)3][CoBr3(DMF)].sol(1,sol=CHCl3,O(C2H5)2,H2O)wasobtainedfromthereactionofCoBr(PPh3)3withNa2(S2C6H4)inchloroform.TheCo3coreinthecationof1exhibitsametal-metalbondedisoscelestriangle,inwhichthetwolongerCo-CobondsarebothbridgedbyS2C6H4ligandsontwosidesofthetriangleplanerespectively,whilethebottomshortCo-CobondisbridgedbythethirdbidentateS2C6H4ligand.Aseriesofpolynu-clearcobaltclustercompoundswithphosphine,thiolateand/orsulphurligandswerepreparedbylowoxidationstateCo+withthiolatesinorganicsolvents.Thesetri-,tetra-,hexa-,heptanuclearclustercompounds1-8withvarioustypesofcrystalstructurescanbeviewedasthecondensedpolynuclearcobaltcomplexesthatthecobaltatomframeworkswithsulphurbridgedwerebuiltthroughthesmalltriangularunitsof[Co3S3nL3](n=1,2)withorwithout[CoL](L=PR3,Br,Cl,5-C5H5)fragments.
简介:摘要目的探讨肝硬化合并肝癌及单纯肝癌患者不同child分级时补体C3、C4的表达意义。方法选取肝癌患者121例,健康对照组37例,均测定补体C3、C4含量。将肝癌患者分为肝硬化合并肝癌组及单纯肝癌组,并根据Child评分分级分组,比较两组间C3、C4水平的差异。结果1肝癌两组中随着Child分级由A级至C级变化血清补体C3水平逐渐降低,而补体C4水平则逐渐升高。2组间比较A级、B级时单纯肝癌组补体C3、C4水平均高于肝硬化合并肝癌组。单纯肝癌组与对照组比较差异同样有显著性。结论血清补体C3、C4与肝功能损伤严重程度相关,结合Child分级可更好地反映肝癌及肝硬化合并肝癌时肝脏储备功能及体液免疫水平,对临床诊治有重要意义。
简介:AbstractBackground:Aberrant activation of the complement system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The relationship between serum complement and the clinical-histopathological features and outcomes of IgAN is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to examine the relationship between the complement 3/4 (C3/C4) ratio and the clinicopathologic changes and prognosis of patients with IgAN.Methods:A total of 397 patients with primary IgAN from January 2007 to December 2012 at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital were included in this study. The correlation test and Chi-square test or one-way analysis of variance test were performed to evaluate the relationship between the C3/C4 ratio and other clinical-pathological factors. Propensity score matching and a multivariate Cox regression model were used to calculate the risk factors of renal outcome.Results:The median follow-up period was 75 months. During the follow-up period, 62 patients (15.6%) developed into the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The C3/C4 ratio at baseline was associated with the level of serum creatinine (SCr), 24 h urinary protein excretion (24 h Upre), global glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial lesion. The level of SCr and 24 h Upre and the degree of chronic kidney injury were statistically different among groups defined by different C3/C4 ratio levels. The survival rates of patients among groups with different C3/C4 ratio levels were different. After propensity score matching, eighty-eight pairs of patients were successfully matched, and the C3/C4 ratio was an influencing factor for the patients’ outcome (hazard ratio 0.587, 95% confidence interval 0.329-0.880). Patients with a C3/C4 ratio <3.6 had a poorer outcome compared with the others (P = 0.002).Conclusions:IgAN patients with decreased C3/C4 ratio displayed significantly more severe clinical symptoms and chronic renal injury than patients with higher ratios. A low C3/C4 ratio could be a risk factor for patients developing to ESRD.