简介：Therelationshipbetweentacitknowledgeandinformalnetworkshasnotbeenfullyexplored.Tacitknowledgecannotbewellmanageddirectly,becauseitisdeeplyembeddedinindividualactionsandexperiences.Thisstudyproposesanapproachtomanaginginformalnetworksasanewmiddlewaytofacilitatethesharingandtransferringoftacitknowledge,owingtothefactthattacitknowledgeismostlysharedandtransferredthroughinformalnetworks.Tosupporttheideaoftheapproach,anempiricalcasestudyofapplyingtheapproachtomanagementofalargescientificprojectisalsoincluded.Ourfindingssuggestthatinformalnetworksplayessentialrolesformanagementoftacitknowledge,andthusgoodmanagementofinformalnetworkscanleadtoefficientsharingandtransferringoftacitknowledge.

简介：<正>Since1980s,participatoryapproach,asatoolandmajortechnology,hasbeenreceivedbymanycountriesandinternationalorgans,andhasbeenusedextensivelyintheprojectsofsurvey,povertyrelief,resourcedevelopmentandresourceprotection.Indeed,thesedevelopmentactions,supportedby

简介：TherevisedAtlantaclassificationofacutepancreatitiswasadoptedbyinternationalconsensus,andisbasedonactuallocalandsystemicdeterminantsofdiseaseseverity.Thelocaldeterminantispancreaticnecrosis(sterileorinfected),andthesystemicdeterminantisorganfailure.Localcomplicationsofpancreatitiscanincludeacuteperi-pancreaticfluidcollection,acutenecroticcollection,pseudocystformation,andwalledoffnecrosis.Interventionalendoscopicultrasound(EUS)hasbeenincreasingutilizedinmanagingtheselocalcomplications.AfterperformingaPubMedsearch,theauthorsmanuallyappliedpre-definedinclusioncriteriaorafiltertoidentifypublicationsrelevanttoEUSandpancreaticcollections(PFCs).Theauthorsthenreviewedtheutility,efficacy,andrisksassociatedwithusingtherapeuticEUSandinvolvedEUSdevicesintreatingPFCs.Duetothedevelopmentandregulatoryapprovalofimprovedandnovelendoscopicdevicesspecificallydesignedfortransmuraldrainageoffluidandnecroticdebris(accessandpatencydevices),theauthorspredictcontinuingevolutioninthemanagementofPFCs.WebelievethatEUSwillbecomeanindispensablepartofproceduresusedtodiagnosePFCsandperformimage-guidedinterventions.AfterdrainingaPFC,theamountoftissuenecrosisisthemostimportantpredictorofasuccessfuloutcome.Hence,itseemslogicaltoclassifythesecollectionsbasedontheirpercentageofnecroticcomponentordebrispresentwhenviewedbyimagingmethodsorEUS.Finally,theauthorsproposeanalgorithmformanagingfluidcollectionsbasedontheirsize,location,associatedsymptoms,internalechogenicpatterns,andcontent.

简介：Conflictisanimportantcomponentofhumansocietyandanecessaryforsocialdevelopment,owingtothedifferenceofsocialeconomy,historicalculturalbackgroundandregionalenvironment,variousconflictsandcontradictionswillbegeneratedunavoidably.Insolvingtheseconflictsandcontradic

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简介：InthisarticlewewillintroducethesystemstructureofamodelbuiltforBESdatamanagementandstorageaswellasthebasicmethodsonhowtoestablishthesystem.Additionallytheanalysisofthedatastructure,thedataprocess,theselectionofexperimentalprogram,theimagemanipulationandthekeytechniqueswillbediscussedindetail,Themodelimplementsthesetupofthesystemenvironmentandallthosefunctionsfromdataloading,databasecresting,dataaccessing,remotedataprocesstodatafiguring.

简介：骨盆的破裂是严重损害。在24个小时以内的死亡最经常是尖锐的血损失的结果。这些病人的紧急情况管理挑战性、争论。在它的管理的关键问题正在识别出血的地点然后控制流血。有骨盆的骨折的血液动力学地不稳定的病人的管理要求一个多学科的队。在这个管理算法处理的问题是诊断评估，损坏控制复活，为noninvasive的指示骨盆的稳定，preperitoneal有关外科的选择和angiography的骨盆的收拾行李和批评决定。这篇评论文章在那些决心上集中于知识的最近的身体。

简介：在无线传感器节点的动态电源管理(DPM)是为减少闲散精力消费的一种著名技术。DPM由动态地基于事件出现的预言翻转它的单位的开／关地位控制一个节点操作模式。然而，后来，每个模式变化在它的自己的权利导致一些开销，保证DPM效率不是在展出有未知统计的非宿命论和无常的环境的吝啬的功绩。我们在这份报纸的解决方案套房，一起指了同样认知的电源管理(CPM)，是向在统计上未知的设置的创新DPM的一次原则性的尝试并且给二不同分析保证。我们的第一个图案在面临非静止的事件过程时基于学习自动机和保证better-than-pure-chanceDPM。我们的第二个解决方案迎合事件出现可以在雇用一个对手的人物的甚至更一般的设置。在这种情况中，我们以节点在依靠一个no-external-regret过程以一种联机方式学习它的得最高分的战略策略的一场重复零和的比赛与它的环境提出单个尘埃的相互作用。我们进行数字实验以网络一生和事件损失百分比测量我们的计划的表演。

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简介：Heartfailureposesanincreasingproblemforglobalhealthcaresystems.Theepidemiologicaldatawhichhavebeenaccruedoverthelast30yearshavepredominantlybeenaccumulatedfromexperiencewithinNorthAmericaandEurope.TheEuropeanexperienceinheartfailure,althoughsimilartothatinNorthAmerica,hasrecentlydemonstrateddifferencesinhospitalizationwhichmayunderliethedifferencesbetweenhealthcaresystemconfigurations.Despitethepredictedincreaseinthenumberofpatientsaffectedbyheartfailure,overthelast30yearsaclearmanagementalgorithmhasevolvedfortheuseofpharmacotherapies,device-basedtherapies,andmechanicaltherapies,includingleftventricularassistdevicesandcardiactransplantation.Althoughthetreatmentofsuchpatientshasbeenclearlydelineatedinnationalandinternationalguidelines,theunderuseofallavailableandappropriatetherapiesremainsasignificantproblem.ThepurposeofthisreviewistoprovideaEuropeanperspectiveonmanagementofheartfailure.