简介：Acommonfeatureofpreviousstudiesabouttheapplicationofdataenvelopmentanalysis(DEA)todetermineenvironmentalandeconomicefficienciesisthatthetwowereanalyzedinseparatemodelsorframeworks.Thepurposeofthispaperistoanalyzetheeconomicefficiencyandenvironmentalefficiencywithasinglemodel.ThispaperproposesanintegratedDEAmodel,basedonamodificationofthedirectionaldistancefunction,whichallowsustodecomposetheeco-efficiency(EE)intotheeconomicefficiency(ECE)andenvironmentalefficiency(ENE).TheECEcharacterizestheabilityofgainingeconomicbenefitswhiletheENEcharacterizestheabilitytocontrolpollutantemissionsinproductionactivities.IdentificationofECEandENEcanhelpdecisionmakersofdifferentregionsdetectwhatkindoffactor(economicinefficiencyorenvironmentalinefficiency)isthemainsourceofeco-inefficiency.ThiscanhelpdecisionmakersmoretargetedtoimproveEE.Toillustratethefeasibilityofourapproach,acasestudyof30regionsinChinaispresented.Theempiricalresultsshowthatalmostallregionshaveveryhigheconomicefficiencies.Theenvironmentalinefficiencyisthemainsourceofeco-inefficiency.Thedifferencesofenvironmentalefficienciesleadtothedifferencesofeco-efficienciesintheeast,centralandwestareas,whiletheeconomicefficienciesdonothavesignificantdifferencesamongtheseareas.Theeconomicefficienciesshowedanopposite'V'shapeandtheenvironmentalefficienciesshowedadecreasingtrendduringtheperiod2010–2014.

简介：Fromamathematicalmodelofonekindcomplicatedfinancialsystem,correspondinglocaltopologicalstructuresofsuchkindsystemonconditionofcertainparametercombination,unstableequilibriumpointofthesystem,conditionsonwhichHopfbifurcationiscreatedandstabilityofthelimitcirclecorrespondingtotheHopfbifurcationaswellasconditiononwhichthelimitcircleisstablehavebeenstudied.FromrelationshipbetweeneachparameterandtheHopfbifurcationallthewaytoroutewhichleadstochaosetchavebeenstudied.Followingtheabove,conditionsonwhichcomplicatedbehaviorscreatedlocallyinsuchkindsystemhasbeenanalyzed.Byapplyingfractaldimension,Lyapunovindex,theintrinsiccomplexityofthesystemonsuchconditionhasbeenstudied,andresultofthenumericalsimulationprovesthetheoryofthispapercorrect.

简介：Inthispaper,agamemodelcomposedofthreesubjects—government,manufacturerandconsumerhasbeenbuiltbyusingEvolutionaryGameTheoryonthebasisofanalyzingthetrilateralgamestrategyofwastemobilereversesupplychainbasedonECP;anevolutionaryequilibriummodelistobesoughtforbyutilizingthereplicationdynamicdifferentialequationmethod;andthetrilateralgamestrategy’srevolutionarytrendandconsistencyhavebeenanalyzedbymeansofSDsimulationmethodwhengovernmentimplementsthestaticordynamicrewardandpunishmentstrategy.Thefindingresultsrevealthat,underthestaticrewardandpunishmentstrategy,therevolutionaryprocessoftrilateralgamestrategyisalwaysunstablewhethertheinitialbehaviorstrategyisunitaryormixed.Therefore,itismorereasonableforthegovernmenttoadoptthestrategyofdynamicrewardandpunishment,anditisalsostableandreciprocalforallthestakeholderswhenimplementingthisstrategy.

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简介：Weusestructuralequationtechniquetotestfourhypothesisrelationshipsbetweenthemanagerialpayandfirmperformance.Datafrom208Chineselistedcompaniesisused,theevidencesupportsHypothesis3.Itopensoutthatownershipconcentrationaffectsfirmperformanceindirectlythroughmanagerialpay,andillustratesmanagerialpayisavalidmechanismincorporategovernancetomotivatemanagertomaximizefirm'sperformance.Atthesametime,wefindownershipconcentrationisnegativetomanagerialpay,whileIPOtimeandregistrationareasarepositivetomanagerialpayobviously.Itsuggeststhatfindingacorrectsolutiontomanagementincentiveisthekeytoimprovefirmperformance.

简介：Thestudyofhumanmobilitypatternsisofboththeoreticalandpracticalvaluesinmanyaspects.Forlong-distancetravel,afewresearchendeavorshaveshownthatthedisplacementsofhumantravelsfollowapower-lawdistribution.However,controversiesremainregardingtheissueofthescalinglawsofhumanmobilityinintra-urbanareas.Inthiswork,wefocusonthemobilitypatternoftaxipassengersbyexaminingfivedatasetsofthreemetropolitans.Throughstatisticalanalysis,wefindthatthelognormaldistributionwithapower-lawtailcanbestapproximateboththedisplacementandthedurationtimeoftaxitripsinalltheexaminedcities.Theuniversalityofthescalinglawsofhumanmobilityissubsequentlydiscussed,inviewoftheanalysisofthedata.Theconsistencyofthestatisticalpropertiesoftheselecteddatasetsthatcoverdifferentcitiesandstudyperiodssuggeststhat,theidentifiedpatternoftaxi-basedintra-urbantravelsseemstobeubiquitousovercitiesandtimeperiods.

简介：相互的知识的出现是为复杂socio技术的系统的坚韧性的主要认知机制。它广泛地从一个ethnomethodological观点被学习了并且以经验为主地由多代理人模拟复制了。虽然如此的模拟被用来位于理论扎根下面设计真实工作背景因为这个过程是含糊的。这份报纸的目的是调查在一组驻扎在同一地点的个人的相互的知识(MK)的出现是否能作为过滤现象被解释。跟随的方法论在与动态网络分析联合基于代理人的模拟学习信息繁殖现象在于：在使用基于代理人的模拟以后，作者作为代理人遇见了并且交换知识的网络产生了然后分析它的踪迹。产生网络的深分析清楚地证明MK的出现比得上过滤进程。作者明确地集中在在建议代理人的显微镜的水平的变化怎么基于模拟器影响过滤和坚韧性。这些结果因此为社会组织的分析提供理论基础。

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简介：在计划的以前的撤退流动，最佳的动态交通赋值SO-DTA没考虑外长的费用的一个系统由潜在的交通事故引起了。因为下游的车辆经验丰富的事故相关的延期，一个交通事故，可能由于交通拥挤发生，将影响一个撤退过程。这份报纸建立概括系统费用在合并旅行时间和事故相关的延期的一个基于安全的SO-DTA线性编程模型。目标是在房间传播安装下面最小化概括系统费用。而且，作者提供认为两个是决定制造者和撤离者的线路选择行为的目的战略指导信息。算术地，作者建议一个非强迫的非线性的编程模型瞄准了最小化在基于安全的流动和随机的真实世界的撤退流动之间的差距，到提供战略旅行时间信息在可变消息符号VMS上被出版。在案例研究，作者发现基于安全的SO-DTA模型能减少拥挤并且改进撤退效率；随机的真实世界的撤退流动，由战略信息指导了，能接近基于安全的流动。

简介：Rapidexpansionofbig-boxstoreindevelopingcountrycausedtypicalarchetypalchangeinmarketstructure:SuccesstotheSuccessful,becausebig-boxstoresarmedwithmodernizedinfrastructureandmanagementcapabilityareabsorbingtheoncecustomersofthetraditionalmarketlikeablackhole.Facingrapidchangeinmarketstructureandsurmountingpleasfromtraditionalmarketmerchants,governmenttookaninevitableinterventionwithlawregulatingthebig-boxstore’sbusinessandimprovingtraditionalmarket’scompetencebuilding.Notsolong,however,didgovernmentconfrontpolicyresistancefrombothsides:Stillongoingpolarizationofbothside’ssales.Thisstudyarticulatesbehaviorovertimeofmarketstructurewithcausalloopdiagramsofwhichcausalitiesareextractedfromliteratures.Thisstudyprovidessignificantcontributiontopolicymakersandtraditionalmarkets’merchantsinotherdevelopingcountrieslikeIndiaandChina,aswellasKorea.