简介：AstudyoftheKunlunshanearthquakeofMS=8.1basedonobservedcoseismicstrainstepsfromtheboreholestrainmonitoringnetworkoverChinahasbeencarriedoutwithsomeinterestingresults.Firstly,manyrecordingsdisagreewiththeoreticcalculationusingstaticdislocationmodel.Secondly,abnormallylargestrainstepsareobservedatquiteafewstationsinthetectonicallyactiveeast-northernChina,whileintherelativelyinactiveeast-southernChinanoobviousstepsarerecorded.Itisinferredthatseismicstresstriggeringmaysignificantlyaffectremoteseismicstrainfield.Inotherwords,whetherremotefaultingbeseismicallytriggeredornotmaydeterminethepatternoflocalseismicstrainchanges.FurthercomparisonstudyresultsofMarch11,1999ZhangbeiearthquakeandNovember1,1999Datongearthquakeshowthatthespecificpatternofseismiczoneshasobviousinfluenceonseismicstrainchangesintheregion.Thissupportstheideathatobservedabnormalstrainstepsmightbeproducedbycoseismiclystress-triggeredlocalfaulting.

简介：Droughtisthemajorabioticstressfactorthatlimitsriceproductionworldwide.Toevaluatetheosmoticstressresponsesinricevarietiesunderdroughtcondition,atotalof42high-yieldingricevarietieswerecollectedfromvariousresearchstationsofKeralaAgriculturalUniversityinIndia.Theexperimentalsetupcomprisesofinitialhydroponictreatmentsatdifferentosmoticpotentials,artificiallyinducedbydesiredstrengthsofpolyethyleneglycol(PEG6000),andfollowedbythepotplantedexperimentsintherain-out-zone.Theactivitiesofantioxidantenzymes,relativewatercontent,cellmembranestability,photosyntheticpigments,prolinecontent,alongwithplantgrowthparametersofthevarietiesunderdroughtconditionwereevaluated.Moreover,thestandardscoresofthesericevarietieswereassessedunderstressandrecoveryconditionsbasedonthescoringscaleoftheStandardEvaluationSystemforrice.Amongthe42ricevarieties,weidentified2ricevarieties,SwarnaprabhaandKattamodan,withlessleafrolling,betterdroughtrecoveryabilityaswellasrelativewatercontent,increasedmembranestabilityindex,osmolyteaccumulation,andantioxidantenzymeactivitiespointedtowardstheirdegreeoftolerancetodroughtstress.Thepositiveadaptiveresponsesofthesericevarietiestowardsdroughtstresscanbeusedinthegeneticimprovementofricedroughtresistancebreedingprogram.

简介：Themechanismsofseismically-inducedliquefactionofgranularsoilsunderhighconfiningstressesarestillnotfullyunderstood.Evaluationofthesemechanismsisgenerallybasedonextrapolationofobservedbehavioratshallowdepths.ThreecentrifugemodeltestswereconductedatRPI'sexperimentalfacilitytoinvestigatetheeffectsofconfiningstressesonthedynamicresponseoradeephorizontaldepositofsaturatedsand.Liquefactionwasobservedathighconfiningstressesineachofthetests.Asystemidentificationprocedurewasusedtoestimatetheassociatedshearstrainandstresstimehistories.Thesehistoriesrevealedaresponsemarkedbyshearstrengthdegradationanddilativepatterns.Therecordedaccelerationsandporepressureswereemployedtogeneratevisualanimationsofthemodels.Thesevisualizationsrevealedaliquefactionfronttravelingdownwardandleadingtolargeshearstrainsandisolationofuppersoillayers.

简介：Anewoxidationkineticsmodelisestablishedforhigh-temperatureoxidation.Weassumethattheinterfacereactionisfastenoughandtheoxidationrateiscontrolledbydiffusionprocessathightemperature.Byintroducingthegrowthstressgradientwemodifytheclassicaloxidationparaboliclaw.Themodifiedfactoroftheoxidationrateconstantisafunctionofgrowthstrain,environmentoxygenconcentration,andtemperature.Themodelingresultsshowthatthestressgradienteffectontheoxidationratecannotbeignored.Growthstrainwilldominatewhetherthestressgradienteffectpromotesorslowsdowntheoxidationprocess.Thestressgradienteffectbecomesweakerathighertemperature.Thiseffectisamplifiedathigherconcentrationsofenvironmentaloxygen.Appliedmechanicalloadsdonotaffecttheoxidationrate.Thismodelisavailableforhightemperatureoxidationofmetalsandalloys.

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简介：Afatiguelifeestimationmethodforoffshorestructuresunderrandomstressresponseisstudiedinthispaper.Themethodofbroadbandcumulativefrequencynumberisusedtodeterminetheeffectofbandwidthofstressfrequencyspectraonfatigue.AformulaofcorrectionfactorforfatigueunderbroadbandstressspectraissuggestedandcomparedwiththatgivenbyP.H.Wirsching.

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简介：二indica米饭(OryzasativaL.)材料，XieqingzaoB(对热应力敏感)并且082(对热应力容忍)，被用来从热应力在稻秧的保护学习brassinolide(BR)的角色。幼苗受到高温(38degC/30degC)并且与0.005喷洒了BR的mg/L。分析在叶绿素，蛋白质和malondialdehyde(MDA)的内容上被进行，电解质，过氧化物酶(邮政部门)的活动和超级氧化物dismutase(草皮)和他们的isozymes表示的漏在叶子铺平。在高温处理下面，BR的申请显著地增加了叶绿素和蛋白质的内容，和邮政部门和草皮的活动，并且在热敏感的材料XieqingzaoB的叶子减少了MDA和电解质的漏的内容，而BR热容忍的材料在那些上有更少的效果082相对。BR处理在两材料的叶子提高了邮政部门isozymes的表示。在高温压力和BR处理下面，在082减少的四草皮isozymes的表示，而是二草皮isozymes的表示在XieqingzaoB增加了。这建议BR由在叶子提高这些活动或防御性酶的表示水平从热应力在稻秧的保护起一个重要作用。有各种各样的热忍耐的材料可能在反应的机制不同用BR申请加热应力。

简介：潮汐的流动是一个周期的运动不稳定、不一致，它显然有加速和减速过程，特别在沿海的浅水里。潮汐的流动雷纳兹应力的垂直分发从线性分发背离了的许多研究表演。潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的寓言的分发被歌等建议。(2009)。尽管模型更好充满领域观察和室内的试验性的数据，它有潮汐的流动雷纳兹应力的更低的截断的系列扩大，并且对分发的描述不是很全面的。由介绍潮汐的流动的运动方程并且改善，寓言的分发由歌等建立了。(2009)，潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的立方的分发被建议。立方的分发被领域数据验证很好(Bowden和Fairbairn，1952；Bowden等，1959；Rippeth等，2002)并且试验性的数据(Anwar和阿特金斯，1980)，与Kuo等的数字模型结果一致。(1996)，并且与潮汐的流动雷纳兹压力的寓言的分发相比。这立方的分布比寓言的分发，而且罐头不仅好，这更好被显示出反映与潮汐的流动减速与潮汐的流动加速并且向上向下从线性分发背离的雷纳兹应力的基本特征，为潮汐的流动的速度侧面上的进一步的学习的基础。

简介：TheGermanwaltzingguineapigisastrainofanimalsexpressingdeafnessandseverebalancedisordersatbirth.ThemutationarosespontaneouslyinabreedingfacilityinGermanyandastheaffectedanimalsshowacharacteristicwaltzingbehavior,thestrainisnamedtheGermanwaltzingguineapig.ThestrainispresentlybredonlyatKarolinskaInstitutet.Thehereditaryinnerearimpairmenthasarecessivemodeofinheritanceandthestrainthusproducesnotonlyaffectedhomozygotesbutalsosymptom-freeheterozygotesandfullynormaloffspring.Theoutcomedependssolelyonthegenotypeoftheparents.Theheterozygotes,whichhaveobtainedthe'waltzing'genefromoneparentonly,havenormalhearingandnobalancedysfunction.Theheterozygousanimalsappearnormalbutwill,inturn,carrythegeneticdefecttothenextgeneration.Thepresentthesisisfocusedontheseanimals.Noiseandototoxicdrugsarewellknownstressfactorsthatinterferenegativelywiththehearingorganinbothhumansandanimals,causinghearingimpairment.However,theinter-individualvariabilityinsusceptibilitytoauditorystressfactorsissurprisinglylarge,mostlikelyduetodifferentgeneticpredisposition.Inthisstudy,heterozygousanimalsoftheGermanwaltzingguineapig,animalscarryingageneticdefectknowntocauseseverehearingimpairment,wereusedtostudyhowanunexploredgenefordeafnessinteractswithauditorystressagents,i.e.noiseexposureandtheototoxicdrugsgentamicinandcisplatin.AnimalswereexposedtobothnarrowbandaswellasbroadbandnoiseatdifferentagesandhearingthresholdsweremeasuredusingABRs.HeterozygotesoftheGermanwaltzingguineapigshowedlessthresholdshiftscomparedtocontrolstrains.Olderanimalswerelessaffectedbythenoisetraumathanyoungeranimals.Totestthehypothesisthattheefferentsystemcontributestoprotectionoftheinnerearagainstnoisetrauma,measurementsusinganewmethodofpostonsetadaptationofDPOAEsandmaximumadaptationmagnitudewereconducted.T

简介：Theobjectiveofthisworkwastoevaluatetheeffectofdifferentwaterdeficiencyandrehydrationlevelsontheconcentrationsofosmoregulatorsintwoplantspecies(HymenaeacourbarilandH.Stigonocarpa)intheAmazon.Weadopteda29595factorialsystem,referringto2species(H.courbarilandH.stigonocarpa)and5stagesofhydrationandrehydration.Thefivehydrationandrehydrationstageswereestablishedin:(1)ControltreatmentE0;(2)Plantswith13daysofstressafterincubation—E13;(3)Plantswith26daysofstressE26;(4)Theplantsthatwereestablishedafter26daysafterincubationandrehydratedfortwodays(RD2);(5)rehydratedfortwodays(RD4).Theplantsthatwereestablishedafter26daysafterincubationandrehydratedforfourdays.Theexperimenttotaledfiftyyoungplantswithfivereplicates.Biochemicalmeasurementswereperformedatthebeginningoftheexperiment(E0)at13(E13)and26(E26)daysafterthewaterstress,inwhichtheplantswererehydrated,repeatingtheanalysesaftertwo(RD2)andfour(RD4)days.Bothspeciesincreasedthesucroseconcentrationby18%,withadecreaseof52%instarchcontent.TheRD4timepresentedthehighestmeanstarchconcentration(0.19mmolg-1oftheresidueforH.courbariland0.27mmolg-1ofresidueforH.stigonocarpa).IncreasedprolineconcentrationswererecordedforcontrolsuntilRD2forbothspecies.Forglycinebetaine,thehighestincreasesintreatmentsE26andRD2wereobservedfortheH.courbarilspecies.Ourrehydrationperiodwasnotsufficientfortotalrecoveryofpre-stressconcentrationsofallstudiedsolutes.

简介：LargeconductanceCa~(2+)-activatedK~+(BK_(Ca))channelexhibitsaphenotype-dependentexpressiononvascularsmoothmusclecells(VSMCs),whichpreferstocontractilephenotype.Meanwhile,shearstressdefinitelyinfluencesVSMCsproliferationandcontraction.Thereby,ahypothesiswasraised,wouldshearstresschangetheBK_(Ca)expressionandcorrelatewithVSMCphenotype?Inordertoinvestigateit,VSMCswereexposedtoshearstressinaparallel-plateflowchamberwith12dynes/cm~2for12h.Subsequently,theeffectofshearstressonVSMCproliferation,BK_(Ca)channelexpressionandcontractilephenotypemarker,α-smoothmusclecellactin(α-SMA)andsmoothmusclemyosinheavychain(SMMHC),wasdeterminedbyimmunofluorescencemicroscopy,flowcytometeryaswellasreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR),respectively.DatashowthatshearstressenhancedtheexpressionofBK_(Ca)channelwhileinhibitingVSMCproliferation.Paralleledtothosephenomena,theexpressionofbothα-SMAandSM-MHCweredecreasedsignificantly.TheseresultsdemonstratedthatupregulationofBK_(Ca)channelwasirrelevanttothemaintenanceVSMCofcontractilephenotypeundershearstress.ThisfindingprovidesanewinsightintounderstandingthecorrelationofBK_(Ca)channelandVSMCphenotype.

简介：［1］Copeland,G.J.M.,1985.PracticalRadiationStressCalculationsConnectedwithEquationsofWavePropagation,CoastalEngineering,9,195～219.［2］DINGPingxing,KONGYazhenandSHIFengyan,1998.RadiationStressofWaterWavesandItsCalculation,JournalofEastChinaNormalUniversity,(1):82～87.(inChinese)［3］Kirby,J.T.andDalrymple,R.A.,1983.AParabolicEquationfortheCombinedRefraction-DiffractionofStokesWavesbyMildlyVaryingTopography,J.FluidMech.,136,453～466.［4］Kirby,J.T.,1986a.RationalApproximationsintheParabolicEquationMethodforWaterWaves,CoastalEngineering,10,355～378.［5］Kirby,J.T.,1986b.OpenLateralBoundaryConditionforApplicationintheParabolicEquationMethod,J.WaterwayPort.CoastalEng.,ASCE,112,460～465.［6］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1960.ChangesintheFormofShortGravityWavesonLongWavesandTidalCurrents,J.FluidMech.,8,565～583.［7］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1961.TheChangesinAmplitudeofShortGravityWavesonSteadyNon.uniformCurrents,J.FluidMech.,10,529～549.［8］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1962.RadiationStressandMassTransportinGravityWaveswithApplicationtoSurfBeats,J.FluidMech.,13,481～504.［9］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.andStewart,R.W.,1964.RadiationStressinWaterWaves:aPhysicalDiscussionwithApplications,Deep-SeaRes.,11,529～562.［10］Longuet-Higgins,M.S.,1970.LongshoreCurrentsGeneratedbyObliquelyIncidentSeaWaves,J.Geophys,Res.,75,6778～6801.［11］Noda,E.K.,1974.Wave-InducedNearshoreCirculation,J.Geophys.Res.,79,4097～4106.

简介：Basedonthedataofearthquakecentroidmomenttensor(CMT)solution,P-wavefirstmotionfocalmechanismsolutionanddeepholebreakouts,apresent-daytectonicstressmapforeasternAsiaregioniscompiled.Theorigi-nalstressdataaresmoothedforevery200km′200kmareabytakingtheaverageofallstressindicatorswithineachsub-region.Thestressmapshowsthespatialdistributionoftheorientationofprincipalstressaxesandthestressregimes.AnearthquakefocalmechanismmapfortheeasternAsiaisalsogiven.Themapsoforientationofprincipalstressaxesshowthat,apartfromthestronginfluenceofthecollisionbetweentheIndianOceanplateandEurasianplate,thepresent-daytectonicstressineasternAsiaissignificantlyaffectedbytheback-arcextensionofthesubductionzones.ThejointeffectofthecontinentalcollisionattheHimalayaarcandback-arcextensionintheBurmaarcregionmayberesponsiblefortheremarkablerotationoftheprincipalstressorientationsinsoutheasternpartoftheTibetplateau.ThejointactionofthecollisionbetweenthePhilippineSeaplateandEurasianplateatTaiwanIslandandtheback-arcextensionoftheRyukyuarcaffectthestressfieldineasternpartofChina.Therearenostrongearthquakesinthepresentdayinthevastback-arcregionoftheJavatrenchsubductionzone.Theback-arcextensiontheremaycreateaconditionfavorabletothesouthwardflowofthelithospherematerialinsoutheasternAsia.IntheinnerpartoftheTibetplateauregion,roughlydemarcatedbytheKunlunmountain,thenorthernandnortheasternpartisabroadintracontinentalcompressivezone,whilethesouthernandsouthwesternpartisgenerallyinanormal-faultingstressstate.

简介：AlthoughrainfallisrareontheLoessPlateauofwesternChina,landslidesoccurfrequentlythereinrainyseason.Surveysreportthatlandslidehazardsalwaysfollowheavyrains.Inthisstudy,aseepage-stresscouplingmodelforrainfallinducedlandslideisusedtoexamineanactualdisastrouseventinYulinbytheendofJuly,2017.Theeffectsofrainfallduration,rainfallintensityandsoilweakeningonslopestabilityarestudiedindetail.Theresultsillustratethatthesafetyfactordropssharplyatfirstandthenisgraduallydecliningtobelow1.05duringadditionaltwodaysofheavyrain.Withsoilstrengthsofteningconsidered,theslopewouldbemoreunstable,inwhichtheweakeninginsoilcohesionisfoundtobeamoresensitivefactor.

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简介：Wehavedevelopedalargenumberofexocrineglandsonliquoriceleavesandfacilitatedpolysaccharidesecretion.Liquoricepolysaccharidepossessesstrongerboundwateraffinitytogaseouswatercomparedwithsucroseandglucose.Ourresultsshowthattheboundwateraffinityofliquoricepolysaccharidetogaseouswateris49.75%higherthanglucose(p<0.01).WithN~+implantation(totaldosageof4.68×10~(16)ions/cm~2andenergyof20keV)intodryliquoriceseeds,boththeboundwateraffinitytogaseouswaterandtheboundwatercontentofdryliquoriceleafcanbesignificantlyincreased30.24%(p<0.01)and36.51%(p<0.01)respectivelycomparedwiththesham-irradiatedseeds.Meanwhile,withtheseparameterschosenforN~+implantationintodryliquoriceseeds,theleafpolysaccharidecontentunderwaterstress(ψ_w=-1.5MPa)canincreasesignificantly(p<0.05)andtheplantgrowthcanalsoimprovesignificantly(p<0.05).

简介：Theequationofstressintensityfactors(SIF)ofinternallypressurizedthick-walledcylinderwasusedasthereferencecase.SIFequationofrotatingthick-walledcylindercontainingaradialcrackalongtheinternalborewaspresentedinweightfunctionmethod.Theweightfumctionformulaswereworkedoutandcanbeusedforallkindsofdepthofcracks,rotatingspeed,material,sizeofthick-walledcylindertocalculatethestressintensityfactors.Theresultsindicatedthevalidityandeffectivenessoftheseformulas.Meanwhile,therulesofthestressintensityfactorsinrotatingthick-walledcylinderwiththechangeofcrackdepthsandtheratioofouterradiustoinnerradiuswerestudied.Thestudiesarevaluabletoengineeringapplication.

简介：有限元素模拟在铝合金被利用在焊接状况的交流钨惰性的气体(AC-TIG)下面的2014焊接靶子的凸缘。模仿的结果在对为用实际焊接参数的板测试的剩余压力的好同意。而且，剩余应力的特征能在几个方面详细被调查，例如焊接结构，焊接序列，时间间隔，预热，并且修理焊接。断断续续的焊接可能对实际应用更方便、有益减少压力，并且焊接的本地修理可以显然在修理区域以内引起更多的应力。

简介：Adetailedstudywasperformedonthecrystalstructuresofpan-milledhigh-densitypolyethylene(HDPE)usingdifferentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC)andX-raydiffraction.ThecrystallinityofHDPEfirstdecreasedslightly,followedbyagradualincreasewithincreasingmillingtimes.Monocliniccrystalsappearedafter4cyclesofmilling.Withincreasingtimesofmilling,theproportionofmonocliniccrystalsincreasedsignificantlywhiletheproportionoforthorhombiccrystalsdecreasedgradually.Withincreasingtimesofmilling,thecrystallitesizeoforthorhombicformdecreasedgreatly,whilethesizeofmonocliniccrystalliteskeptalmostconstantduringmilling.