简介：<正>Theconceptof"purity"and"pollution"existsineveryethnicgrouporculture,andtheemergenceandexistenceofthisconceptiscloselyassociatedwithgeographicenvironment,religiousbelief,modeofproduction,lifestyle,moralsandworldoutlook,andissupportedandrestrictedbyawholesetofculturallogicshiddendeeplyinthesocialstructure.Differentethnicgroupsandcultureshavedifferentcriteriaforclassificationof"purity"and"pollution".Onearticle,behaviororsocialphenomenonmaybedeemed"pure"byoneethnicgroup,but"polluted"byanother.Thehumanperceptionof"purity"isa

简介：<正>Sincethe1980s,tourismhasbecomeaworldwidecommodityforconsumptionandanindispensablepartofmodernlife.TibetAutonomousRegion(TAR)withitsuniquegeographyandculturallandscapeattractsannuallythousandsoftourists.TherecentaccelerationintheconstructionofTibet’sinfrastructureinthefieldsofhighwaysanddevelopedaviationtransport,andespeciallybytheopeningofthe2006Qinghai-Tibetrailway,havenewopportunitiesfortourismopenedinTibet,whosenumberofdomesticandforeigntouristsreached8.5millionpeoplein2011,withatotaltourismincomeof9.5

简介：<正>七十年代初期,席卷整个西方资本主义世界的经济危机以及同时并发的第一次石油危机,宣告了自战后以来,西方工业持续增长的“黄金时代”最终结束。法国,这个工业部门齐全,工业生产高度发达的老牌工业化国家,也毫无例外地进入了人们通常所言的“滞胀”

简介：ThetermLangisaplacename,itmeans"DragonValley","fairyplacetolive"intheTibetanlanguage.In1911,theQingdynastyofficerChenQuzhenwaspostedhere,stationedinLunangDongjiu.HelaterdescribedtheLunangareaasaplace"covered

简介：《三国志·吴志》卷四七所载孙权遣卫温、诸葛直浮海求夷洲与直洲史料中的“直洲”当指日本，而“货布”应是“货市”之误。早在束汉、三国时期，会稽郡与古代日本之间已存在一条海上航道，而当时的航海技术为这一航道的存在提供了巨大的可能性。会稽郡为当时中国南方地区铜镜、瓷器、布帛、纸张等的重要产地，并且围绕这些物资，有着活跃的市场交易。宣洲人来会稽的目的正在于此，他们的登陆地点当在会稽郡束部沿海的郡县和句章。而会稽市场上的人则对直洲所产的明珠感兴趣，双方的交易推测以绵为支付手段来进行。

简介：<正>IntroductionThepresentreportoverviewsfurtherfindingsfromthesetofmiscellaneoustextsinSaradapalm-leavesfromZhaluriphug.Thepalm-leafsetwasfirstreportedbyKanoKazuo(2008),whoutilizedninefoliosintwophotographicimages(SferraCat.MT42Ⅱ/Ⅰ&2)preservedattheIstitutoItalianoperI’AfricaeI’Oriente(IsIAO)inRomewiththehelpofFrancescoSferra.Wehaveknownonthebasisofcataloguedescriptionsthatthere

简介：从国内目前的情况看,开展英文版地方综合年鉴编纂工作的省市还不多,英文版地方综合年鉴的编纂发行对于地方年鉴工作部门来说是一项创新性工作。这项工作中存在的主要问题是：目标与受众定位不够明确;内容安排不尽合理;翻译质量有待提高;发行渠道需要拓展。解决这些问题的思路是：科学、合理定位英文版地方综合年鉴,并以此为依据设置年鉴内容;通过加强翻译团队力量、强化流程管理,不断提升翻译质量;适应时代发展,充分利用数字和互联网技术,拓展发行渠道,提高宣传效率和社会效益。

简介：I.IntroductionEvaluationoftheoldserfdominTibetformspartofthecurrentdebateonthe"Tibetanissue,"whichmakesitdifficulttodiscussthesystemcalmlyandobjectively.However,thesystemraisesvariousquestionsthatareextremelyinterestingfromahistoricalpointof

简介：1.IntroductionTibetanPlateauisregardedasaweathervaneorstartupofglobalclimatechange(CC)whichhasattractedtheattentionofscientificcommunity.Climatechangeimpactsarebecomingincreasinglyevidentwithinthishighlyvulnerableandfragileregion.1Temperaturesarerisingatratessubstantiallyhigherthantheglobalaverage,

简介：<正>ThedietarystructureandcustomsoftheTibetans’includebothsimpleandcomplexelements.Thetransitionfromadietcomposedmainlyoftsampaandbutterteatotheintegrationofalienandindustrialized

简介：DunhuangwasanimportanthubofcommunicationsontheSilkRoadinancientChina.Duringaverylongtime,theculturalexchangesbetweenthevariousethnicgroupsinthatlocationwerefrequentandconstant.ExceptthedocumentsinChinese,many

简介：<正>IntroductionVarioustraditionalmedicinesystemsexistthroughouttheworld,andwithineachculturetherearedifferencesregardingtheconceptsofhealth,illness,andtreatment.Manyofthetraditionalmedicalsystemsplayanimportantrolewithineachsocietyandtodaymanytypesoftraditionalmedicinesystemshavebecomemorerecognizedandunderstoodasalegitimateformofhealthcarebythegeneralpopulation,eventhoughbiomedicineorWesternmedicinehasbecomethedominantmedicalsystemofcontemporaryhealthcare.

简介：<正>Abhayakaragupta(ca.11-12thcentury)wasanoutstandingIndianpanditawhosethoughtstronglyimpactedTibetanBuddhism.Heiswidelyknownfromanumberofhiscompositions.Amongthetwenty-oneworksattributedtohimbytheDergeTanjur,nineteenareallocatedtotheTantrasection,onetothePrajfiaparamitasection,andtwototheMadhyamakasection.Ofthese,theMunimatalarfikara,intheMadhyamakasection,isoneofhismostimportant.TheMunimatalarfikaraissometimesregardedbyTibetanBuddhists,e.g.,Tsong

简介：SincetheReformandOpening-upin1978,Tibetanareahasbeenthrougharapidsocial,culturalandeconomicchange.Anumberofstudieshavefocusedoneconomicdevelopment1,Tibetanmodernization2,educationaldevelopment3andwomen’schangingstatus4etc.Asheatedtopics,culturalprotectionandinheritancehavealso

简介：From1791to1792(the56thto57thyearoftheQianlongEmperor’sreign)duringtheQingDynasty,theGurkhasinvadedTibetforthesecondtime.Thefirstinvasionhadbeenin1788-1789.ThistimetheQingcourtsenttroopstoTibetandrepelledtheinvadersgoing

简介：1.IntroductionRurallivelihoodsinTibet2have,duringthelastfifteenyears,undergonefastandprofoundprocessesofeconomictransformationandstate-ledmodernization,bothintheTARandtheEasternpartsoftheTibetanplateau.Locallifestyleshavechangedatapacerarelyseeninanareawherepeoplesubsisted,untilthelate1990s,almost

简介：<正>TheKharosthidocumentsinNationalLibraryofChina,NO.BH5-4,5,arebothrectangularwoodentablets.Althoughtheyhavewithstoodmorethanathousandyears,thesealingluteandropesonthemwerestillintact.1.Correspondencebetweentwocozbos(BH5-5)ThecovertabletofthedocumentNO.BH5-5measures7.2×9.3×1.6cm,whiletheundertabletmeasures7.3×15×0.7cm.Ontheundertablet,8linesofKharosthicharactersare