简介：bispyribac钠10%SC和butachlor的效果土壤上的50%SC在移植秋收作物米饭的物理化学的性质和microflora在二个季节(2010和2011)被调查。体积密度，水成立能力，潮湿内容，土壤pH，有机物内容，电的传导性，以及全部的氮，可得到的磷和可得到的钾内容上的除草剂的效果与microflora人口(全部的细菌，放射菌类和真菌)一起被分析。在土壤的没有重要变化物理化学的性质被观察。除草剂处理开始在微生物引起的计数导致了减少。与在一可观的时间以内的应用除草剂的降级，microflora人口甚至在除草剂的申请以后在60d超过了起始的计数。

简介：Theaqueouspolymerizationofmethylmethacrylateintiatedbycopperpolypropylene-basedpoly(oxime-imidodiacetate)(P-Cu)-sodiumsulfitesystemhasbeeninvestigated.Theoverallrateofpolymerization(Rp)wasfoundtobeRp=5.8×10^12e^-84.1KJ/RT[MMA]^1.4[P-Cu]^0[Na2SO3]^0.50Amechanismof“coordination-protontransfer”fortheproductionofinitiatingspecieswasproposedanddiscussed.

简介：AbstractBackground:The low accuracy of equations predicting 24-h urinary sodium excretion using a single spot urine sample contributed to the misclassification of individual sodium intake levels. The application of single spot urine sample is limited by a lack of representativity of urinary sodium excretion, possibly due to the circadian rhythm in urinary excretion. This study aimed to explore the circadian rhythm, characteristics, and parameters in a healthy young adult Chinese population as a theoretical foundation for developing new approaches.Methods:Eighty-five participants (mean age 32.4 years) completed the 24-h urine collection by successively collecting each of the single-voided specimens within 24 h. The concentrations of the urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine for each voided specimen were measured. Cosinor analysis was applied to explore the circadian rhythm of the urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion. The excretion per hour was computed for analyzing the change over time with repeated-measures analysis of variance and a cubic spline model.Results:The metabolism of urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine showed different patterns of circadian rhythm, although the urinary sodium excretion showed non-significant parameters in the cosinor model. A significant circadian rhythm of urinary creatinine excretion was observed, while the circadian rhythm of sodium was less significant than that of potassium. The circadian rhythm of urinary sodium and creatinine excretion showed synchronization to some extent, which had a nocturnal peak and fell to the lowest around noon to afternoon. In contrast, the peak of potassium was observed in the morning and dropped to the lowest point in the evening. The hourly urinary excretion followed a similar circadian rhythm.Conclusion:It is necessary to consider the circadian rhythm of urinary sodium, potassium, and creatinine excretion in adults while exploring the estimation model for 24-h urinary sodium excretion using spot urine.

简介：

简介：AbstractImportance:Several methods have been established in recent decades that allow use of spot urine to estimate dietary sodium intake. However, their accuracies have been controversial in children.Objective:To validate the performance of three commonly used methods—the Kawasaki, Tanaka, and International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) methods. Additionally, this study explored the accuracies of the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods by using spot urine samples taken at four separate times.Method:Forty-one adolescents aged 14 to 16 years completed two non-consecutive 24-hour urine collections and their mean values were used as reference data. The second-morning urine was used for assessment with the Kawasaki method; a casual spot urine and spot urine samples taken at four separate times (morning, afternoon, evening, and overnight) were used for assessment with the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods.Results:The mean differences were 1801 mg, 542 mg, 47 mg, and -31 mg for the Kawasaki, Tanaka, INTERSALT1 (with potassium), and INTERSALT2 (without potassium) methods with their required spot urine, respectively. The proportions of relative difference levels within ± 10% were 4.9% for the Kawasaki method, 19.5% for the Tanaka method, 36.6% for the INTERSALT1 method, and 36.6% for the INTERSALT2 method.Interpretation:The INTERSALT method seemed to provide minimally biased estimations of mean population sodium intake with casual spot urine. However, there is a need to be cautious regarding inconsistencies in estimation among different levels of sodium intake. The methods assessed in this study were unable to accurately estimate sodium intake at the individual level.

简介：ExtractingB2O3fromcalcinedboronmud(CBM)wasstudied.TheeffectoffactorssuchasreactiontemperatureandNaOH-to-CBMmassratioonB2O3extractionefficiencywasinvestigated.TheresultsshowthatincreasingreactiontemperatureandNaOH-to-CBMmassratioincreasesB2O3extractionefficiency.TherearetwostagesfortheB2O3extractingprocess:0–20ministhefirststage,whichisrapid;20–50ministhesecondstage,whichisslowerthanthefirststage.Theoverallextractingprocessfollowstheshrinkingcoremodel,andthefirstandsecondstagesaredeterminedtoobeythesurfacechemicalreactionmodelandthediffusionthroughtheproductslayermodel,respectively.Theactivationenergiesofthefirstandsecondstagesarecalculatedtobe41.74and15.43kJ·mol-1,respectively.TheB2O3extractingkineticsequationsofthefirstandsecondstagesarealsoobtained.

简介：

简介：百日咳毒素(PTX)禁止禁止的heterotrimericG蛋白质(G伪_(i./o))的伪-子单元的激活并且调制电压门钠隧道，它可以是pyrethroids的主要目标之一。调查农业害虫抵抗的潜在的机制到pyrethroid杀虫药剂，我们在中央神经原在钠隧道上由PTX检验了调整第三—第4中间形态幼虫cyhalothrin抵抗(Cy-R)并且cyhalothrin易受影响(Cy-S)Helicoverpa有佩带徽章权利的人一旁边整个房间的补丁夹钳技术。孤立的神经原为12是有教养的—在改进L15昆虫培养基与或没有PTX(400ng/mL)的16h。结果证明Cy-R和Cy-S钠隧道展出了快动力学和tetrodotoxin(TTX)敏感。Cy-R钠隧道展出了改变的gating性质不仅包括在电压依赖者激活(V_(0.5act))的8.88-mV权利移动和在在激活(V_(0.5inact))的电压依赖者的6.54-mV权利移动，而且是在钠隧道密度(I_(密度))的duced山峰(那中的55.2%个在Cy-S神经原)。Cy-R钠隧道也显示出低易兴奋性，证实了由恰好在5激活潜力(V_(行为i))变—由20mV的10mV和山峰潜力(V_(山峰))。PTX施加了重要效果onCy-S钠隧道，减少在70.04%的钠隧道密度，由14.41mV的正确的变V_(0.5act)和在9的V_(0.5inact)。38mV。它没引起在Cy-R钠隧道上面提及的参数的任何重要变化。在山峰电压的山峰的从潜伏的激活时间(T_(山峰))并且在激活时间常数快(τ_(在行为))在Cy-S和Cy-R，神经原没被影响。结果建议对pyrethroid杀虫药剂抵抗的棉花一种蛾的幼虫包含不仅变化和电压门钠隧道的紧密相联的位的改变，而且可能含有PTX敏感的Gα_(i./o)的不安联合了发信号的转导小径。

简介：IntheframeoftheSino-ItalianCooperationProgramforEnvironmentalProtection,jointlylaunchedintheyear2000bytheItalianMinistryforEnvironmentandTerritoryandSea(IMETS)andtheChinaStateEnvironmentalProtectionAdministration(SEPA),experimentaltrialswerecarriedoutinQingzhoucity(ShandongProvince,China)during2001-2003totestseveralmethylbromidealternativemethodstocontrolsoilbornediseasesingreenhousetomatoes.Graftingtomatoesonresistantrootstock(Lycopersiconlycopersicum×L.hirsutum),methamsodiumappliedundertraditionalpolyethyleneplasticfilms,methamsodiumappliedatlowrateundervirtuallyimpermeablefilmsandsoilsolarizationcombinedwithbiocontrolagentswerethealternativestestedandcomparedtomethylbromideappliedundervirtuallyimpermeableplasticfilmstoo.Collecteddatashowthatresistantrootstock(Lycopersiconlycopersicum×L.hirsutum)introducedfromItalyisapromisingalternativetomethylbromideforlocaltomatocultivars.Methamsodiumappliedundertraditionalpolyethyleneplasticfilmsisaneffectivealternative.Moreover,virtuallyimpermeablefilmsdemonstratethehelptoreducemethylbromideandmethamsodiumrates.Finally,soilsolarizationcombinedwithbiocontrolagentsdoesnotprovidesatisfactoryresultsintermsofdiseasecontrol.

简介：丙戊酸钠化学名为2-丙基戊酸钠，分子量为166．2。外观为白色，无臭，结晶状，可溶于水的粉末。DEPACON为丙戊酸钠注射剂，每支5mL，每mL含100mg丙戊酸，0．40mg依地酸二钠。

简介：<正>Mixingbrinemethod,whichfoundedonthecommonioneffect,iswidelyusedforlow-sodiumcarnalliteproduction.Comparedwithtraditionalcarnallitepreparationtechniques,themixingbrinemethodpossessa

简介：ObjectivesToinvestigateeffectofAngll,captoprilonsingleguineamyocytesonL-typecalciumcurrentandsodiumcurrent.MethodsMembranepatchclampwholecellrecordingtechniquewasusedtoinvestigateeffectofangll,captoprilonL-Camaximumcurrentdensityandsodiummaximumcurrentdensity.ResutlsAngllincreasedthemaximumcurrentdensitycomparedwithcontrolafterperfused5min,357.7±219.7Vs279.5±240.5PA/PF,increaserateis27.9%,theshapeofcurrent-voltagerelationshipcurvewasunchanged,peakedat+10mv,indicatedthatangllincreasedL-Cacurrentdensityinvoltage-dependent.Afterperfusedwithcaptopril,captopril+angll3,5min,L-Cacurrentwasrecorded,resultssuggestL-Camaximumcurrentdensitydecreasedsignificantlycomparedwithcontrol,incaptoprilgroup,128.4±92.6Vs286.2±89.7,66.7±68.3Vs286.2±89.7,respectively,rateofinhibitionis55.1%,76.6%,respectively.L-Cacurrentfurtherdecreasedincaptoprilpe

简介：Atomtransferradicalpolymerizationofstyrene(St)andmethylmethacrylate(MMA)inbulkandindifferentsolventsusingactivatorsgeneratedbyelectrontransfer(AGETATRP)wereinvestigatedinthepresenceofalimitedamountofairusingFeCl3·6H2Oasthecatalyst,ascorbicacidsodiumsalt(AsAc-Na)asthereducingagent,andacheapandcommerciallyavailabletetrabutylammoniumbromide(TBABr)astheligand.ItwasfoundthatpolymerizationinTHFresultedinshorterinductionperiodthanthatinbulkandintolueneforAGETATRPofSt,whilereferringtoAGETATRPofMMA,polymerizationinTHFshowedthreeadvantagescomparedwiththatinbulkandtoluene:1)shorteningtheinductionperiod,2)enhancingthepolymerizationrateand3)havingbettercontrollability.Thelivingfeaturesoftheobtainedpolymerswereverifiedbychainendanalysisandchain-extensionexperiments.

简介：Apotexperimentwithtworice(OrizasativaL.)genotypesdifferingininternalpotassiumuseefficiency(IKUE)wasconductedunderdifferentsodium(Na)andpotassium(K)levels.AddingNaC1ataproperlevelenhancedricevegetativegrowthandincreasedgrainyieldandIKUEunderlowpotassium.AdditionofhigherrateofNaC1hadanegativeeffectonthegrowthoftheK-efficientricegenotype,butdidnotfortheK-inefficientgenotype.Underlow-Kstress,higherNaC1decreasedIKUEoftheK-efficientricegenotypebutincreasedIKUEfortheK-inefficientgenotype.Attilleringstageandunderlow-Kstress,addingNaClincreasedKandNacontentsanddecreasedtheratioofK/Naforbothgenotypes.Atharvestingstageunderlow-Kstress,addingNaG1increasedKandNacontentsandK/NaratiofortheK-efficientgenotypebutdecreasedtheK/NaratiofortheK-inefficientgenotype.TheaccumulatedNawasmostlydepositedintherootsandsheaths.Attilleringstage,theKandNacontentsandtheK/Naratiosindifferentpartsforbothgenotypesdecreasedinthefollowingsequence:K+insheaths＞K+inblades＞K+inroots;Na+inroots＞Na+insheaths＞Na+inblades;andK/Nainsheaths》K/Nainroots.TheK-efficientgenotypehadalowerK/NaratioinrootsandsheathsthantheK-inefficientgenotypeunderlow-Kstress.Atharvestingstage,KandNacontentsingrainswerenotaffected,whereasK/NaratiointhericestrawswasincreasedfortheK-efficientgenotypebutdecreasedfortheK-inefficientgenotypebyNaaddition.However,thiswasnotthecaseunderKsufficientcondition.

简介：

简介：AbstractPurpose:Hypertonic fluids such as mannitol and half-molar sodium lactate are given to treat intracranial hypertension in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, sodium lactate was compared to mannitol in patients with TBI to investigate the efficacy in reducing intracranial pressure (ICP).Methods:This study was a systematic review with literature research on articles published in any year in the databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Asian Journal of Neurosurgery, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The keywords were "half-molar sodium lactate", "mannitol", "cerebral edema or brain swelling", and "severe traumatic brain injury". The inclusion criteria were (1) studies published in English, (2) randomized control trials or retrospective/prospective studies on TBI patients, and (3) therapies including half-molar sodium lactate and mannitol and (4) sufficient data such as mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR). Data analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Results:From 1499 studies, a total of 8 studies were eligible. Mannitol group reduced ICP of 0.65 times (MD 0.65; p= 0.64) and improved cerebral perfusion pressure of 0.61 times (MD 0.61; p= 0.88), better than the half-molar group of sodium lactate. But the half-molar group of sodium lactate maintained the mean arterial pressure level of 0.86 times, better than the mannitol group (MD 0.86; p= 0.09).Conclusion:Half-molar sodium lactate is as effective as mannitol in reducing ICP in the early phase of brain injury, superior over mannitol in an extended period. It is able to prevent intracranial hypertension and give better brain tissue perfusion as well as more stable hemodynamics. Blood osmolarity is a concern as it increases serum sodium.

简介：

简介：ThisstudydevelopedapopulationpharmacokineticmodelforsodiumtanshinoneIIAsulfonate(STS)inhealthyvolunteersandcoronaryheartdisease(CHD)patientsinordertoidentifysignificantcovariatesforthepharmacokineticsofSTS.Bloodsampleswereobtainedbyintensesamplingapproachfrom10healthyvolunteersandsparsesamplingfrom25CHDpatients,andapopulationpharmacokineticanalysiswasperformedbynonlinearmixed-effectmodeling.Thefinalmodelwasevaluatedbybootstrapandvisualpredictivecheck.Atotalof230plasmaconcentrationswereincluded,137fromhealthyvolunteersand93fromCHDpatients.Itwasatwo-compartmentmodelwithfirst-orderelimination.Thetypicalvalueoftheapparentclearance(CL)ofSTSinCHDpatientswithtotalbilirubin(TBIL)levelof10μmol(L?1was48.7L(h?1withinterindividualvariabilityof27.4%,whereasthatinhealthyvolunteerswiththesameTBILlevelwas63.1L(h?1.Residualvariabilitywasdescribedbyaproportionalerrormodelandestimatedat5.2%.TheCLofSTSinCHDpatientswaslowerthanthatinhealthyvolunteersanddecreasedwhenTBILlevelsincreased.Thebootstrapandvisualpredictivecheckconfirmedthestabilityandvalidityofthefinalmodel.TheseresultssuggestedthatSTSdosageadjustmentmightbeconsideredbasedonTBILlevelsinCHDpatients.

简介：ThepresentstudywasdesignedtodeterminetheeffectsofGuanfubaseA(GFA)onthelatesodiumcurrent(INa.L),transientsodiumcurrent(INa.T),HERGcurrent(IHERG),andKv1.5current(IKv1.5).ThevaluesofINa.L,INa.T,IHERGandIKv1.5wererecordedusingthewhole-cellpatchclamptechnique.Comparedwithotherchannels,GFAshowedselectiveblockingactivityinlatesodiumchannel.ItinhibitedINa.Linaconcentration-dependentmannerwithanIC50of(1.57±0.14)μmol·L-1,whichwassignificantlylowerthanitsIC50valuesof(21.17±4.51)μmol·L-1fortheINa.T.TheinhibitoryeffectofGFAonINa,Lwasnotaffectedby200μmol·L-1H2O2.ItinhibitedIHERGwithanIC50of(273±34)μmol·L-1andhasslightblockingeffectonIKv1.5,decreasingIKv1.5byonly20.6%at200μmol·L-1.Insummary,GFAinhibitedINa.Lselectivelyandremainedsimilarinhibitioninpresenceofreactiveoxygenspecies..ThesefindingsmaysuggestanovelmolecularmechanismforthepotentialclinicalapplicationofGFAinthetreatmentofcardiovasculardisorders.

简介：有壳核心结构的polystyrene/Fe3O4的合成nanoparticles在三重氢核X-100和SDBS的混合系统被准备。合成nanoparticles的壳被Fe3O4nanoparticles被聚苯乙烯和核心形成。Fe3O4nanoparticles的直径是大约10nm和合成nanoparticles25-35nm的。XRD系列和FTIR系列证明与Fe3O4nanoparticles聚苯乙烯包是成功的。