简介:ConflictingresultshavebeenpresentedregardingthelinkbetweenArcticsea-icelossandmidlatitudecooling,partic-ularlyoverEurasia.Thisstudyanalyzesuncoupled(atmosphere-only)andcoupled(ocean-atmosphere)simulationsbytheClimateForecastSystem,version2(CFSv2),toexaminethislinkageduringtheNorthernHemispherewinter,focusingonthesimulationoftheobservedsurfacecoolingtrendoverEurasiaduringthelastthreedecades.TheuncoupledsimulationsareAtmosphericModelIntercomparisonProject(AMIP)runsforcedwithmeanseasonalcyclesofseasurfacetemperature(SST)andseaice,usingcombinationsofSSTandseaicefromdifferenttimeperiodstoassesstherolethateachplaysindividually,andtoassesstheroleofatmosphericinternalvariability.Coupledrunsareusedtofurtherinvestigatetheroleofinternalvariabilitvviatheanalysisofinitializednredictionsandtheevolutionoftheforecastwithleadtime.
简介:为使用高度重新分配改进导出卫星的大气的运动向量(AMV)的质量的一个方法被介绍。位于高度重新分配下面的基本原理被探索,并且技术细节被使用使用NCEP分析风的三个高度重新分配计划学习。AMV的质量通常被改进跟随重新分配,尽管改进的大小根据使用的计划不同。计划3提供最好的质量和稳定性,在计划1和计划2列在后面。在AMV的带的部件的否定偏爱减少从[5,4]ms1到<1ms1追随者重新分配。南方的部件也改善。AMV源于红外线并且水蒸汽隧道分别地在58.7%和25%改善。使用在AMV的运作的推导的计划3的可行性被合并T511中等范围的数字天气预言(NWP)预言的预报风领域学习系统。合并12-h预报在从水蒸汽隧道检索的南方的风中在带的风和积极偏爱中减少否定偏爱,改进在26.7%的AMV的全面质量。线性地扩大预报领域的有效性时期在检索AMV减少改进,但是这减小的大小是小的。合并120-h预报地仍然导致13%改进,尽管它可以消除好质量的很多AMV。
简介:运用NCEP/NCAR1°×1°再分析资料、常规气象、加密自动站等资料对2010年6月17日和2005年5月31日2次冷涡造成的强对流天气进行了诊断分析,通过2次冷涡天气的三维结构特征分析表明:冷涡强对流天气落区均位于冷涡中心4~7个纬度的西南象限;当正涡度柱倾斜度越大越有利冰雹天气的产生;低层辐合,高层辐散,且垂直上升运动越强越有利冰雹天气的产生;冷涡东南象限500hPa、850hPa温度平流分布均为暖平流时,强对流天气则以降水为主,而冷涡东南象限500hPa为冷平流,850hPa为暖平流时,强对流天气则以大风、冰雹为主;低层强锋生区域与强对流天气区域有很好的对应关系,锋生函数正值中心区域北侧常出现大范围冰雹天气;2次过程的强对流天气生成都是由于地面气旋性辐合中心在温度发展中的锋区叠加中有明显的锋生而导致,地面气旋性辐合中心对雷暴的触发及发展提供了很好的动力抬升作用。
简介:Duetotheexistenceofthermaloffsets,globalsolarirradiancesmeasuredbypyranometersaresmallerthanactualvalues,anderrorsarelargerinthedaytime.Untilnow,thereisnouniversally-recognizedcorrectionmethodforthermaloffseterrors.Therefore,itisimperativetoidentifyaconvenientandeffectivecorrectionmethod.Fivecorrectionmethodswereevaluatedbasedonthedatameasuredfromafieldexperimentfrom23Januaryto15November,2011.Resultshaveshown:1)Temporalvariationcharacteristicsofthermaloffsetsinthefourtestedpyranometersareconsistent.2)Amongthefivemethods,non-dimensionalquantitymethodissuggestedforusetocorrectthermaloffsets,becauseitisconvenientandnomodificationofinstrumentsisrequired.Ifcollocatednetlongwaveradiationandwindspeeddataareavailableandtheiruncertaintiesaresmall,thehistoricalsolarradiationdatasetscanalsobecorrected.Andcorrectioneffectsbythemethodarebetter.
简介:ThedevelopmentofthefogdetectorwasinvestedbytheStatePlanningCommissionandstartedinJuly1997.Theprototype'scalibrationandtestwasconductedin1999.Thereafterthedetectorwasimprovedinthefollowingrespects:Hardware:Inordertoreducetheeffectsofthebackground,thetransmitterandreceiverunitsweredesignedtobedownwards.Ahigh-powerGaAsLEDisusedforthelightsourcesandforincreasingtransmittingpower.Theintensityofthelightismonitoredandstabilizedbyaspecialcircuitinthetransmitterunit,whichreceivesapartoftheemittedlightbyaPIN
简介:A2m~3isothermalcloudchambermainlyforicenucleationresearchisdescribedinthispaper.Itsstructure,attachedinstrumentsandexperimentalproceduresarealsopresented.TheexperimentsofdeterminingtheicenucleieffectivenessfortheAgl-containingaerosolsproducedbythreeformulationshavebeenconductedandtheresultshavebeencomparedwiththoseoftheCSU960-literisothermalcloudchamber.Allexperimentalresultsshowthatthechamberhasadvantagesofstableperformanceandreproducibility.Itwouldbeexpectedtobecomeausefulexperimentalfacilityforicenucleationresearch.
简介:RegionalclimatechangeinChinaundertheIPCCA2Scenario,wassimulatedforcontinuous10-yrperiodbytheMM5V3,usingtheoutputofanIPCCA2runfromCISROMark3climatesystemmodelaslateralandsurfaceboundaryconditions.Theregionalclimatechangeofsurfaceairtemperature,precipitation,andcirculationwereanalyzed.Theresultsshowedthat(1)thedistributionofmeancirculation,surfaceairtemperature,andprecipitationwasreproducedbytheMM5V3.TheregionalclimatemodelwascapabletoimprovetheregionalclimatesimulationdrivenbyGCM.(2)TheclimatechangesimulationundertheIPCCA2ScenarioindicatedthatthesurfaceairtemperatureinChinawouldincreaseinthefuture,withastrongertrendinwinterandtheincreasingmagnitudefromthesouthtothenorth.Theprecipitationdistributionwouldappearadistinctchangeaswell.AnnualmeanprecipitationwouldremarkablyincreaseinNortheastChina,YangtzeandHuaiheRiverValley,andthesouthareaofthevalley.Meanwhile,rainfallwouldshowadecreasingtrendinpartialareasofNorthChina,andmanyregionsofSouthwestandNorthwestChina.