简介：Inthispaper,aneffectivemethodofsimulatingthespatialdistributionofclimaticelementsinmountainousareasbyusingthesemi-empiricaltheoryispresented.Asanexample,thespatialdistributionsoftemperature,vaporpressure,relativehumidity,windspeedandprecipitationintheJianyangregionandtheShaxibasinofFujianProvincearecomputedwiththismethod,andthesimulatedresultsareingoodagreementwiththeobservations.

简介：Thehierarchyanddefinitionoftheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeandprecipitation-concentrationperiodofannualprecipitationhavebeenproposedbyusingtheso-calledvectormethodofannualdistributionofprecipitation,sothatthetworelevantparameterscanrepresenttheannualdistributionoftotalprecipitationcorrectlyandindeedaccurately.TherelationshipbetweenthespatialandtemporaldistributionpatternsandvariationsofthetwoparametersandtheannualprecipitationamountinChinahasbeenfurtherinvestigated.Resultsdemonstratethattheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeandtheprecipitation-concentrationperiodincreasefromsoutheasttonorthwestgradually.Moreoverthereobviouslyexistsabeltpattern:thelargestvariabilityoftheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeandtheprecipitation-concentrationperiodoccursintheYellowRiverValleyandthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,correspondingtothesignificantzonesinwhichfloodanddroughttakeplacefrequently.Itisfoundthatthereexisthighcorrelationsbetweentheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeandprecipitation-concentrationperiodandtheannualprecipitationamountinNortheastChina,NorthChina,themiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Furthermore,8-yearand22-yearperiodicoscillationsintheprecipitation-concentrationdegreeand6-yearand12-yearcyclesintheprecipitation-concentrationperiodareidentifiedbyuseoftheirMorletwaveletanalysis.

简介：被动tracer的概率分布函数(PDF)，由“一个吝啬的坡度”强迫了，被学习。首先，我们采取二条理论途径，Lagrangian和有条件的闭合形式体系，到学习如此的外部地强迫的被动示踪物的PDF。然后，我们在一个范围上并且为测试吝啬坡度的模型是否能被用于学习在中间的纬度混合的同温层的tracer的同温层的风遨游的中等范围的天气预报(ECMWF)的欧洲中心为理想化的随机的流动执行数字模拟地区，在哪个，并且是否一弱并且杆病房带平均数的坡度被示踪物漏通过极、热带的混合障碍维持在中间的纬度的示踪物变化的PDF与理论预言一致。数字模拟证明当散开的驱散被吝啬坡度的强迫平衡时，在随机的PDF流动，在ECMWF风中的南部半球的PDF显示出时间不变的指数的尾巴，与理论预言一致。在北半球，PDF展出non-Gaussian尾巴。然而，PDF尾巴不与理论期望一致。强迫的示踪物的PDF尾巴的长期的行为与腐烂的tracer的相比。腐烂的示踪物的PDF尾巴是时间依赖者，这被发现，并且演变向恭维比指数。

简介：Basedontheremotesensingdata,theradiosondedataandprecipitationdataobservedbyweatherstations,distributionsofatmosphericwater-vaporandcloudmotionwindovertheQilianMountainsareanalyzed.Moreover,onthebasisofwater-vaporandcloudmotionwindanalyses,relationsofatmosphericwater-vapordistributionwithprecipitation,atmosphericcirculation,andterrainareinvestigated.Theresultsshowthatdistributionsofatmosphericwater-vaporandprecipitationintheQilianMountainsareaffectedbythewesterlybelt,thesoutherlymonsoon(theSouthAsianmonsoonandplateaumonsoon),andtheEastAsianmonsoon.InthenorthwestQilianMountains,water-vaporandprecipitationaxeentirelyaffectedbythewesterlybelt,andthereisnootherdirectionwater-vaportransportexceptwesterlywater-vaporflux,hence,thenorthwestregionisregardedasthewesterlybeltregion.Inthesouthandmiddleofthemountains,water-vaporismainlycontrolledbythesoutherlymonsoon,37.7%ofthetotalwater-vaporisfromthesouth,especiallyinsummer,thesoutherlywater-vaporfluxaccountsfor55.9%ofthetotal,andfurthermorethewater-vaporcontentinthesoutherlyflowismorethanthatinthewesterlyflow.Thesoutherlymonsoonwater-vaporisinfluencedbytheSouthAsianmonsoonfromtheIndianOceanandtheplateaumonsoonintheQinghai-TibetanPlateau,thus,thesouthandmiddleregioniscalledsoutherlymonsoonregion.ButinthenortheastQilianMountains,theEastAsianmonsoonisthemainclimatesystemaffectingthewater-vapor.Besideswestandnorthwestwater-vaporfluxes,therearealotofeasterlywater-vaporfluxesinsummer.Thefrequencyofeasterlycloudmotionwindsinsummerhalfyearaccountsfor27.1%ofthetotal,thoughthefrequencyisnothigh,itisthemainwater-vaporsourceofsummerprecipitationinthisregion,therefore,thenorthwestregionisamarginalregionoftheEastAsianmonsoon.Ontheotherhand,atmosphericwater-vapor,precipitation,andconversionrateofwater-vaporintopre

简介：ThisworkinvestigatesthedistributionofhighwindsaboveBeaufortscale6intheoffshorezonesofChinausinghigh-resolutionsatellitemeasurements.AnumericalexperimentiscarriedoutinordertofindouttheeffectsofTaiwanIslandontheformationofstrongwinds.Theanalysisindicatesthatthedistributionofhighwindoccurrenceissimilartothatoftheaveragewindvelocityinwinter.Highwindstendtobeanchoredinspecialtopographicalregions,suchastheTaiwanStrait,theBashiChannelandthesoutheastcoastofVietnam.HighwindsoccurmuchmorefrequentlyoverthewarmerthanthecolderflankofKuroshiofrontasitmeandersfromTaiwantoJapan.Thefrequencyofhighwindsdecreasesdrasticallyinspring.TheTaiwanStraitmaintainsthelargesthighwindoccurrence.Besides,highwindsremainfrequentintheBashiChannel,thesoutheasttipofTaiwanIslandandthewarmerflankofKuroshiofront.Insummer,highwindsgenerallyoccurinfrequentlyexceptoverabroadregionoffthesoutheastcoastofVietnamnear10°Nandthefrequencytheredecreasesfromsouthwesttonortheast.HighwindsaroundTaiwanIslandpresentnearaxisymmetricdistributionwithlargerfrequencyalongsoutheast-northwestdirectionandsmallerfrequencyalongsouthwest-northeastdirection.Thedominantdirectionofhighwindsexhibitsacounterclockwisecirculationsurroundingtheisland.Thefrequencyofhighwindsincreasesrapidlyinautumnandalmostrepeatsthedistributionthatappearsinwinter.ThesimulationresultssuggestthattheeffectsofTaiwanIslandtopographyonhighwindsvarywithseasons.Inwinter,topographyisthemajorcauseofhighwindsinthesurroundingoceaniczones.HighwindsinbothTaiwanStraitandthesoutheastcorneroftheislanddisappearandthefrequencydecreasesgraduallyfromsouthtonorthwhentheterrainisremoved.However,insummer,highwindfrequencyderivedfromtwosimulationswithandwithoutterrainisalmostidentical.Weattributethisphenomenontothefactorswhicharerespon

简介：与51的数据在1954-2003期间在珍珠河盆在4月9月驻扎的降雨，我们使用了主要部件分析方法研究4月9月降雨的空间分发特征。结果揭示下列。在珍珠河盆，有不同降水，在4月9月从600公里变化到1900公里，降水从东南逐渐地减少到西北。标准差分发总体上从东方逐渐地减少到西方。珍珠河盆的降雨分发有五种主要类型：类型:在整个区域有洪水(干旱)，类型：在南方在北方和干旱(洪水)有洪水(干旱)，类型：在西方在东方和干旱(洪水)有洪水(干旱)，类型：在那里在在东方和西方的中央部分和干旱(洪水)的标志洪水(干旱)，和类型：在北方和南方在中心和干旱(洪水)有洪水(干旱)。在整个区域的洪水(干旱)和在在南方的北方和干旱(洪水)的洪水(干旱)的类型就多于其它出现，是64%总数。从10年的移动一般水准，在在珍珠河盆区域的4月和9月之间的降雨在1983-1992主要是干燥的，这被看见，并且主要在东方弄干并且在1967-1971在西方弄湿并且在东方弄湿并且在1979在西方弄干。

简介：Inordertoprovideanoperationalreferencefortropicalcycloneprecipitationforecast,thisstudyinvestigatesthespatialdistributionsofprecipitationassociatedwithlandfallingtropicalcyclones(TCs)affectingChinausingGeostationaryMeteorologicalSatellite5(GMS5)-TBBdataset.AllnamedTCsformedoverthewesternNorthPacificthatmadedirectlandfalloverChinaduringtheperiod2001-2009areincludedinthisstudy.BasedontheGMS5-TBBdata,thispaperrevealsthatingeneraltherearefourtypesofdistributionofprecipitationrelatedtolandfallingTCsaffectingChina.(a)theSouth-WestTypeinwhichthereisaprecipitationmaximumtothesouthwesternquadrantofTC;(b)theSymmetricalSouthTypeinwhichtherainfallismorepronouncedtothesouthsideofTCintheinnercorewhilethereisasymmetricalrainfalldistributionintheouterbandregion;(c)theSouthType,inwhichtherainfallmaximaismorepronouncedtothesouthofTC;and(d)theNorthType,inwhichtherainfallmaximaismorepronouncedtothenorthofTC.AnalysesoftherelationshipbetweenprecipitationdistributionsandintensityoflandfallingTCsshowthatforintensifyingTCs,boththemaximumandthecoverageareaoftheprecipitationinTCsincreasewiththeincreaseofTCintensityovernorthernJiangsuprovinceandsouthernTaiwanStrait,whiledecreasingoverBeibuGulfandtheseaareaofChangjiangRiverestuary.ForallTCs,thecenterofthetorrentialraininTCshiftstowardtheTCcenterastheintensityofTCincreases.Thisfindingisconsistentwithmanypreviousstudies.Thepossibleinfluencesofstormmotionandverticalwindshearontheobservedprecipitationasymmetriesarealsoexamined.Resultsshowthattheenvironmentalverticalwindshearisanimportantfactorcontributingtothelargedownshearrainfallasymmetry,especiallywhenaTCmakeslandfallonthesouthandeastChinacoasts.Theseresultsarealsoconsistentwithpreviousobservationalandnumericalstudies.

简介：以便在Leizhou半岛上在雷雨的发展频率上研究植物分发的调整的可能的影响，数学统计方法包括关联分析，11种恰当的模型和所有变量回归方法，被用于分析和研究。年度雷雨天的数字的平均趋势显然正在下，并且在所有季节，温暖的正午以后的雷雨在收起大多数部分有雷雨的结果表演，和高频率从5月被发现到9月，并且雷雨的开始并且结束的日期有大年度差异。植被结构与稻田的减小和甘蔗并且水果种的区域增长一起被改进了，它导致雷雨天的数字的减少；在冬季的特征的变化业余领域，被种蔬菜引起，在早冬季和迟了的春天限制雷雨的形成。同时，花生种的区域调整几乎没在雷雨天的变化上有小影响。主要庄稼分发的调整例如米饭，甘蔗，水果和蔬菜，可以在雷雨的形成上有明显的影响，并且甘蔗有最大的效果，由米饭，蔬菜和水果接着列在后面，并且庄稼分发的调整几乎没在雷雨的开始并且结束的日期上有小影响。

简介：Usingdailyrainfalldataof11observatorystationsoverShanghaifortheperiod1960-2007,thespatialdifferencesofrainfallovertheShanghairegionduringperiodswithslowandrapidurbanizationrespectivelyareinvestigatedbasedonspatialstandarddeviationofrainfallanditsrelativevariables.Resultsshowthatspatialdifferencesincreasewiththeaccelerationofurbanization.Spatialdistributionsofannualrainfallandrainstormfrequencyexhibitdistincturban’rain-island’featuresduringtherapidperiodofurbanization(1960-1983)whileitisoppositeinthecaseofslowurbanization(1984-2007).Changesinthespatialdistributionofannualrainfalltrendsalsotakeplaceduringdifferentperiods.Specifically,thevariationofannualrainfallexhibitsconsistenttrendsovertheShanghairegionintheslowurbanizationperiods.However,inconsistentspatialdistributionofvariationshastakenplaceoverthecentraldistrictsandsuburbsofShanghaiduringtherapidurbanizationstage.Sincethespeeding-upofurbanization,theannualrainfallamountovercentraldistrictsofShanghaitendstoincreasewhilethatinthesuburbsshowsadecreasingtrend.Inaddition,asfarasdifferentseasonsareconcerned,thespeedofurbanizationexertsinsignificantinfluencesonthespatialdistributionofrainfallduringwinterandspring.Onthecontrary,therainfallduringsummerandautumn(especiallysummer)isfeaturedwithanislandeffectduringtherapidurbanizationperiod.

简介：TheasymmetricdistributionofconvectionassociatedwithtropicalcyclonesmakinglandfallontheeastChinacoastisstudiedwithblack-bodytemperature(TBB)datafromFengyun-2(FY-2)geostationaryweathersatellite.TheconvectioninvariousquadrantsoftheTCsisexaminedfortheperiodof-24to6hrelativetolandfall.TheconvectiontothesouthernsideoftheTCswasmuchmoreintensethanthattothenorthernsideduringthewholelandfallperiod.TheconvectiontothewesternsideoftheTCswasstrongerthanthattotheeasternsideforthetime-8hbeforeandatthelandfall.Afterlandfall,thesituationreverses.TheasymmetricconvectionoftheTCswaspartlyduetotheverticalwindshearandstormmotion,andpartlybecausetheprocessoflandfallrestrainedtheconvectioninrelevantquadrants.Besides,theorographicupliftalongtheeastofChinawasfavorabletotheenhancementofconvectionintheeasternsideoftheTCs.FromthecharacteristicsofconvectiveasymmetryoftheTCslandingonthesouthandeastofChina,itisknownthattheirmaindifferencemightbetheincludedanglebetweentheTCpathandthecoastlineaswellastheterrainalongthecoast.

简介：学习乍见陆地在二上被执行台风Haitang和Matsa，它在2005严重影响了浙江省。第一，二导致台风的大雨的类似和差别被比较，他们俩带了强壮的大规模降水，降雨的最大的中心位于北方方面，这被指出乍见陆地地点。在福建上乍见陆地做，Haitang是比在紧张的Matsa弱的，但是在降雨超过了它。然后与紧张，动人的速度，台风的结构，发行量和地面的焦点，二台风相关的大雨被比较并且分析。降雨的不均匀的分发是的结果表演仔细与台风的结构有关自己，潮湿交通和mesoscale地面。与南方方面相对照，北方方面更热、更湿，水蒸汽也是更丰富的。Haitang导致的更多的降雨的现象与下列原因相关。降雨增加的导致的入侵的冷空气，削弱的动态领域和更慢的运动两个都有益于降水。为最后部分，在浙江上的空气质量的冷特征也是为雨的一个有利因素。

简介：ＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＬＯＷＦＲＥＱＵＥＮＣＹＷＡＶＥＳＩＮＮＯＲＴＨＰＡＣＩＦＩＣＡＮＤＩＮＴＲＡＳＥＡＳＯＮＡＬＡＢＮＯＲＭＡＬＩＴＹＯＦＴＨＥＷＥＳＴＥＲＮＰＡＣＩＦＩＣＳＵＢＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬＨＩＧＨＬｉＸｉｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（李兴亮）（Ｍｅ...

简介：TheInternationalCentreforTheoreticalPhysics(ICTP,Italy)RegionalClimateModelversion3.0(RegCM3)isusedtosimulatespatio-temporaldistributioncharacteristicsandradiativeforcing(RF)oforganiccarbon(OC)aerosolsinandaroundChina.ThepreliminarysimulationresultsshowthatOCaerosolsaremostlyconcentratedintheareatothesouthofYellowRiverandeastofTibetanPlateau.ThereisadecreasingtrendofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsfromsouthtonorthinChina.ThemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsisabove3mg/m2andlocatedinthecentralandsouthernChina,southeasternTibet,andsouthwesternChina’sYunnan,Guizhou,Sichuanprovinces.ThesimulationontheseasonalvariationshowsthatthemaximumvalueofcolumnburdenofOCaerosolsappearsinwinterandthesecondaryvalueisinspringandtheminimuminsummer.TheRFofOCaerosolswhichvariesseasonallyisnegativeatthetopoftheatmosphere(TOA)andsurface.Thespatio-temporalcharacteristicsoftheRFofOCaerosolsarebasicallyconsistentwiththatofIPCC,implyingthehighaccuracyoftheparameterizationschemeforOCaerosolsinRegCM3.

简介：BasedontheQuikSCATdata,thefeaturesofsurfacewinddistributionofthetyphoonVongfonglandfallprocessareanalyzed.WehavealsostudiedthevariancespectralconfigurationofthesurfacewindfieldusingDCT(DiscreteCosineTransform).Theconclusionsareasfollows:Thenear-surfacewindfieldishighlyasymmetric;thevariancecomponentsofasymmetricsurfacewindfielddependmainlyontheairflowdirectionofwavenumber1and2.Whenthetyphoonmoveswest,therearetwowavespectralcentersliningupinthezonaldirection,mainlytheairflowfromzonalwavenumber2andmeridionalwavenumber2;whenitmovesnorth,therearetwowavespectralcentersinameridionalarray,mainlytheairflowfromzonalwavenumber1andmeridionalwavenumber2.Theairflowforwavenumber1mainlycontributestothevarianceofthetangentialwindwhilethatforwavenumber2tothevarianceoftheradialwind.Theasymmetricaldistributionchangeswiththelarge-scaleenvironmentandself-rotatingcirculationaroundthetyphoon.Whenitapproachedland,theassociatedgaleappearsinfrontportionintheadvancingdirectionofthestorm.ItisineffectsimilartothemodelofChenLian-shoufortyphoon-relatedgales-NNWontheleftfrontportionandSEontherightfrontportion.

简介：Byuseofgeostrophicmomentumapproximation,theanalyticalexpressionsofthewinddistributionwithintheplanetaryboundarylayerandtheverticalvelocityatthetopoftheboundarylayerareobtainedwhenthedistributionofeddytransfercoefficientkisdividedintothreesections:k1z（z0≤z

简介：

简介：Theeast-westlocationchangeoftheEastAsianwesterlyjet(EAWJ)at200hPaduringMeiyuandtheassociatedspatialdistributionvariationofprecipitationinthemiddle-lowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver(MLYR)areinvestigatedbyusingthe40-yrNCEP/NCAR(NationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction/NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch)pentadmeanreanalysisdataanddailyprecipitationobservationdatafrom1958to1997.Theresultsshowthattherearetwoareasoverwhichthe200-hPaEAWJcenterappearsmostfrequentlyduringtheMeiyuperiod:oneisthewesternPacific(WP)andtheotheristheEastAsiancontinent(EAC).DuringtheMeiyuperiod,thewesterlyjetovertheEACisweak,andthecoreofthewesterlyjetovertheWPsplitsupwithreducedintensityanddisappearsbytheendofMeiyu.ThechangesinthelocationandintensityofthewesterlyjetareassociatednotonlywiththestartingandendingdatesofMeiyu,butalsowiththespatialdistributionandintensityofprecipitationintheMLYR.ItisfoundthatwhenthewesterlyjetcoreintheuppertroposphereislocatedovertheWPandiscoupledwithan850-hPasouthwesterlyjet,heavyprecipitationaccompaniedbystrongconvergenceandplentysupplyofwatervapor,occursinthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Ifthe200-hPawesterlyjetcoreislocatedovertheEAC,andwithoutan850-hPasouthwesterlyjet,onlyweakprecipitationoccursintheMLYR.Therefore,thelongitudinallocationoftheEAWJcoreplaysanimportantroleindeterminingtheupper-tolower-levelcirculationstructureandthespatialdistributionofheavyprecipitationintheMLYRduringtheMeiyuperiod.

简介：ThedistributionofprecipitationfieldfromthetyphoonHaitang(2005)duringitslandingonFujianprovinceshowsobviousasymmetricfeature.BasedontheNCEP/NCARFNL(FinalAnalysis)data,thisstudyrevealsthecontributionsofatmosphericfactortotheasymmetricaldistributioncharacteristicsofprecipitationassociatedwiththetyphoon,throughtheanalysisofwatervaporcondition,verticalascendingmotioncondition,thecalculationofthedryQvectoranditsdecomposition,andadiabaticheatingintheaircolumnof1000hPa-600hPa(loweratmosphere)and500hPa-100hPa(upperatmosphere).Theresultsareasfollows:(1)Intheloweratmosphere,thehumidityonbothsidesoftyphoonpathcanbeequivalent,whileitismorewetontherightsidethanleftintheupperatmosphere,whichobviouslypresentsasymmetricdistributioncharacteristics.(2)Bothrangeandintensityoftheverticalmotionontherightsidearewiderandstrongerthancounterpartsontheleftsidenomatterinthelowerorupperatmosphere.(3)Intheupperatmosphere,forcingroleofatmosphereinverticalupwardmotionontherightsideoftyphoonpathisthesameasthatontheleft,whileitissignificantlydifferentintheloweratmosphere,whichissignificantlybroaderinscopeandstrongerintheintensity,alongwithobviousasymmetricdistributioncharacteristics.Inaddition,thefurtheranalysisoftheQvectordecompositionindicatesthattheforcingeffectofmesoscaleweathersystemsonverticalupwardmotionisstrongerthanthatoflargescaleweathersystemsintheloweratmosphere.(4)Theadiabaticheatingalwaysexistsonbothlowerandupperatmosphere,andtherangeandintensityoftheadiabaticheatingforcingshowedasymmetricdistributiononbothlowerandupperatmosphere.(5)Inasummary,theupperatmospherehumidityconditions,theforcingroleofloweratmosphereinverticalupwardmotion,especially,tomesoscaleweathersystem,andadiabaticheatingintheloweratmosphere,allshowsimilarasymmetricdistributioncharacteristics

简介：mesoscale表面气象站的观察数据和广东省的天气雷达被采用分析传送对流的不对称的分发在以前，在期间并且在以后乍见陆地为在2006.The结果在华南海岸上乍见陆地做的Chanchu和Prapiroon的热带气旋证明那强壮的传送对流位于landfallingChanchu和Prapiroon的东方、北的部门，也就是在前面和TC的正确部分追踪，为时间starti的一个时期他们的传送对流也在垂直方向有不同差别。尽管，分析显示了那乍见陆地Chanchu和Prapiroon有传送对流的一样的不对称的分发，原因不是一模一样的。在Chanchu的情况中的传送对流的不对称的分发主要与大环境垂直的风的影响被相关砍，低级的水平风砍，并且低级集中和分叉。然而，在Prapiroon的情况中，传送对流的不对称的分发主要与低级集中和分叉的影响被联系。

简介：ＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＯＦＧＩＡＮＴＳＥＡ－ＳＡＬＴＮＵＣＬＥＩＩＮＡＴＭＯＳＰＨＥＲＥＯＶＥＲＹＯＮＧＸＩＮＧＩＳＬＡＮＤ，ＸＩＳＨＡＩＳＬＡＮＤＳ，ＤＵＲＩＮＧＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＷＩＮＴＥＲＭＯＮＳＯＯＮＷｕＤｕｉ（吴兑）；Ｙｏ...