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简介：人类对自然界的认识过程总是由浅入深循序渐进的。回顾过去，中国黄土成因经历了从“水成”到“风成”这样一个曲折的认识过程。通过分析黄土成因争论的历程，得到如下启示：1）过去的黄土成因争论源于人们不认识黄土层中的古土壤，因此识别地层中古土壤对重建古地理环境具有重大意义。2）水平层状地层并非都是水平沉积层理，也有可能是古土壤发生层次，具有水平层理的沉积地层则可能意味着在水中沉积形成，而古土壤层则是在地表环境形成。3）古土壤层的特点是古土壤层具有土壤发生层次，因此各层次之间一般呈现为渐变特征。而沉积地层通常具有明显的顶部和底部，显示着截然变化。4）在总结新生代古土壤特点的基础上，重新认识更老地层的古地理环境，发挥古土壤在研究地层成因、重建古气候等方面的作用。

简介：TheLoesspositiveandnegativeterrains(P-Nterrains),whicharewidelydistrib-utedontheLoessPlateau,arediscussedforthefirsttimebyintroducingitscharacteristic,demarcationaswellasextractionmethodfromhigh-resolutionDigitalElevationModels.Us-ing5m-resolutionDEMsasoriginaltestdata,P-Nterrainsof48geomorphologicalunitsindifferentpartsofShaanxiLoessPlateauareextractedaccurately.Thensixindicatorsforde-pictingthegeomorphologiclandscapeandspatialconfigurationcharacteristicofP-Nterrainsareproposed.ThespatialdistributionrulesoftheseindicatorsandtherelationshipbetweentheP-NterrainsandLoessreliefarediscussedforfurtherunderstandingofLoesslandforms.Finally,withtheintegrationofP-Nterrainsandtraditionalterrainindices,aseriesofun-supervisedclassificationmethodsareappliedtomakeaproperlandformclassificationinnorthernShaanxi.ResultsshowthatP-NterrainsareaneffectcluetorevealenergyandsubstancedistributionrulesontheLoessPlateau.AcontinuouschangeofP-NterrainsfromsouthtonorthinShaanxiLoessPlateaushowsanobviousspatialdifferenceofLoessland-formsandthepositiveterrainareaonlyaccountedfor60.5%inthisregion.TheP-Nterrainsparticipantlandformclassificationmethodincreasesvalidityoftheresult,especiallyintheLoesstableland,Loesstableland-ridgeandtheLoesslow-hillarea.ThisresearchissignificantonthestudyofLoesslandformswiththeDigitalTerrainsAnalysismethods.

简介：全新世以来黄土高原的侵蚀问题，历来是国内外学者研究的热门．黄土高原的环境演变和水土流失问题也是黄土高原研究的难点和重点．本研究从全新世以来黄土高原植被变化、降水量变化和土壤侵蚀量变化等几个方面，简要回顾了国内学者在上述领域的研究成果，针对领域内的成就和问题提出了粗浅看法和建议．文章认为，全新世以来黄土高原总体植被景观以草原为主；降水量也有显著变化，总体呈现东南高，西北低的态势，400mm等降水量线大致沿东南-西北方向移动；土壤侵蚀强度也有阶段性变化，全新世早中期主要受自然因素影响，晚期受自然因素和人为因素双重影响．

简介：TocontrolsoilerosionandrestorethedegradedenvironmentintheLoessPlateau,alargenumberofmeasuresrelatedtosoilandwaterconservationhavebeenemployedthathaveprofoundlyaffectedcatchmentproperties.Thisstudyconstructedthreeindicatorstocharacterizechangestothecatchmentslope,proposedbothamethodforaregressionanalysisofadjacentimagesandasequencemodel,andappliedmultisourceremotelysensedimagesandGISspatialclusteringanalysistechnologiestoextractthematicinformationandcomprehensivelyanalyzethecatchmentchangecharacteristics.Theresultsindicatethatthecatchmentslopepropertieschangedsignificantly.Atcatchmentscale,theaveragevaluesofARC,DVCandARTwere6.43%,25.57%and4.30%,respectively.Thereweresixclusteringtypesofcatchmentslopepropertychanges.Themaximumandminimumoftheaveragesimilaritiesoftheclusteringtypeswere0.992and0.935.Eachslopecontrolmeasureshadadistincteffectoncatchmentslope;thedominatingfactorofeachclusteringtypewasidentifiedas:Type1:D-VC,Type2:D-VCLU,Type3:D-LUVC,Type4:D-TAVC,Type5:D-TACandType6:D-MFC.Type5andType1coveredthelargestareas,respectivelyoccupying37.28%and31.01%.Catchmentslopepropertychangesalsohaddistincttypesthatdependedontheirgeomorphologicalconditions.Thesefindingsprovideausefulbasisfromwhichtofurtherstudycatchmentslopehydrologicalandsoilerosionprocesses.

简介：这研究考虑了是否变窄上面(宽广、漫步)更低的黄河的活动范围能在在隧道侵蚀的沉积甚至两个的增加导致减小上面并且更低(狭窄、蜿蜒地流)活动范围。领域数据和数字建模结果的分析两个都认为这个建议正当缩小隧道。积极关联在侵蚀区域的隧道和隧道宽度之间被发现。因此在低流动的条件下面变窄将在活动范围减少侵蚀的数量，接着，它将减少搬运进更低的隧道的沉积的数量。这将在河的更低的活动范围减少siltation的数量。然而，与沉积的低集中在高流动的条件下面变窄将两个都沿着缩小的隧道和侧面的隧道河岸倒塌的数量减少洪水变细的程度，它在更低的隧道导致增加的流动和更少的沉积，导致增加的侵蚀。当有沉积的高集中的流动被免除Xiaolangdi水库时，更低的狭窄的隧道和上面的隧道罐头搬运大量沉积负担。变窄上面的宽广隧道将在沉积，或甚至在隧道侵蚀导致减小，这被结束，在两个上面并且更低的隧道如果水库被操作以便在低流动期间增加的沉积的体积被体积平衡与沉积的低集中在高流动期间侵蚀了。