简介：Scientistshavetriedtocomeupwithbiologicalexplanationsforthedifferencebetweenboysandgirls.

简介：Porousnanocarbonswithaverageparticlesize20–40nmweredevelopedusingbiowasteoilpalmleavesasaprecursor.Simplepyrolysiswascarriedoutat700°Cundernitrogenatmosphere.Obtainedporousnanocarbonsshowedexcellentporousnaturealongwithsphericalshape.Symmetricsupercapacitorfabricatedfromporousnanocarbonsshowedsuperiorsupercapacitanceperformancewherehighspecificcapacitanceof368F/gat0.06A/gin5MKOHwerereported.Italsoexhibitedhighstability(96%over1700cycles)andenergydensityof13Wh/kg.Lowresistancevalueswereobtainedbyfittingtheimpedancespectra,thusindicatingtheavailabilityofthesematerialsassupercapacitorselectrode.Thepresentedmethodiscosteffectiveandalsoinlinewithwastetowealthapproach.

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简介：Introduction:Superiorsemicircularcanaldehiscence(SCD)remainsdifficulttodiagnosedespiteadvancesinhigh-resolutioncomputedtomography(HRCT)imaging.Wehypothesizepossibleassociationsbetweengrosstemporalboneanatomyandsub-millimeterpathologyofthesemicircularcanals,whichmaysupplementimagingandclinicalsuspicion.ThispilotstudyinvestigatesdifferencesingrosstemporalboneanatomicparametersbetweentemporalboneswithandwithoutSCD.Methods:Recordswerereviewedfor18patientsreferredtoanotologycliniccomplainingofdizzinesswithnormalcaloricstimulationresultsindicativeofnon-vestibularfindings.ElevenpatientshadnormaltemporalboneanatomywhilesevenhadSCD.Three-dimensionalreconstructionofeverypatient'stemporalboneanatomywascreatedfrompatient-specificcomputationaltomographyimages.Surfacearea(SA),volume(V),andSAtoVratios(SA:V)werecomputedacrosstemporalboneanatomicalparameters.Results:SCDtemporalboneshavesignificantlysmallerV,andlargertemporalboneSA.Mean(士SD)Vwas21,484±3,921mm3intemporalboneswithoutSCDand16,343±34,471mm3forthosewithSCD.TheirrespectiveSAwere13,733±1,603mm2and18,073±3,002mm2.TemporalboneairspacesandlateralsemicircularcanalsdidnotdemonstratesignificantdifferenceswhereSCDwasandwasnotpresent.PlotsofMVwarmresponseagainstcomputedSCDtemporalboneanatomicparameters(SA,VandSA:V)showedmoderatetostrongcorrelations:temporalboneSA:V(r=0.64),temporalboneairspaceV(r=0.60),temporalboneairspaceSA(r=0.55),LSCCSA(r=0.51),andLSCC-to-TMDistance(r=0.65).Conclusions:ThisanalysisdemonstratedthatSCDisassociatedwithdecreasedtemporalbonevolumeanddensity.ThedefectinSCDdoesnotappeartoinfluencecaloricresponses.

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简介：AIM:Toinvestigatechangesinfundusexcyclotorsionafterinferiorobliquemyectomyormyotomy.METHODS:Therecordsof21patientsundergoingstrabismussurgerybyasinglesurgeonbetween2009and2012wereexamined.Onlypatientswhohadundergoneaninferiorobliquemyectomyormyotomy,withorwithouthorizontalrectusmusclesurgery,wereevaluated.Digitalfundusphotographswereobtained,andtheangleformedbyahorizontallinepassingthroughtheopticdisccenterandareferencelineconnectingthefoveolaandopticdisccenterwasmeasured.Associatedclinicalfactorsexaminedincludeageatthetimeofsurgery,presenceorabsenceofaheadtilt,degreeofpreoperativeverticaldeviation,torsionalangle,inferiorobliquemuscleoveraction/superiorobliquemuscleunderaction,andsurgerylaterality.Whethertheprocedurewasperformedaloneorincombinationwithahorizontalrectusmusclesurgerywasalsoexamined.RESULTS:Meanpreoperativetorsionalanglewas12.0±6.4°,whichdecreasedto6.9±5.7°aftersurgery(P<0.001,pairedt-test).Torsionalanglealsodecreasedfrom15.1±7.0°to6.2±4.3°inthemyectomygroup(P<0.001,pairedt-test)buttherewerenosignificantchangesinthemyotomygroup(P=0.093,Wilcoxonsignedranktest).Multivariablelinearregressionanalysisshowedthatpreoperativetorsionalangle,degreeofinferiorobliqueoveraction,andageatsurgeryindependentlyandsignificantlyaffectedpostoperativetorsionalangle.CONCLUSION:Meantorsionalangledecreasedafterinferiorobliquemyectomy.Degreeofpreoperativetorsionalangle,inferiorobliqueoveraction,andageatsurgeryinfluencepostoperativetorsionalangle.

简介：BACKGROUND:Studieshaveshownthatneurogenesisinthedentategyrusplaysanimportantroleinlearningandmemory.However,studieshavenotdeterminedwhetherthesuperiorcervicalganglionorthesympatheticnervesysteminfluenceshippocampalneurogenesisorlearningandmemoryinadultrats.OBJECTIVE:Toobservedifferencesindentategyrusneurogenesis,aswellaslearningandmemory,inadultratsfollowingsuperiorcervicalganglionectomy.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Arandomized,controlled,animalstudywasperformedattheImmunohistochemistryLaboratoryoftheSchoolofLifeSciencesinLanzhouUniversityfromJuly2006toJuly2007.MATERIALS:DoublecortinpolyclonalantibodywasprovidedbySantaCruzBiotechnology,USA;avidin-biotin-peroxidasecomplexwaspurchasedfromZhongshanGoldenbrideBiotechnology,China;MorriswatermazewasboughtfromTaimengTechnology,China.METHODS:Atotalof20adult,male,Wistarratswererandomlydividedintosurgeryandcontrolgroups,with10ratsineachgroup.Inthesurgerygroup,thebilateralsuperiorcervicalganglionsweretransected.Inthecontrolgroup,thesuperiorcervicalganglionswereonlyexposed,butnoganglionectomywasperformed.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:Toexaminedistribution,morphology,andnumberofnewbornneuronsinthedentategyrususingdoublecortinimmunohistochemistryat36daysfollowingsurgicalprocedures.ToexamineabilityoflearningandmemoryinadultratsusingtheMorriswatermazeat30daysfollowingsurgicalprocedures.RESULTS:Doublecortinimmunohistochemicalresultsshowedthatareductioninthenumberofdoublecortin-positiveneuronsinthesurgerygroupcomparedtothecontrolgroup(P<0.05),whilethedistributionofdoublecortin-positiveneuronswasidenticalinthetwogroups.Thesurgerygroupexhibitedsignificantlyworseperformanceinlearningandspatialmemorytaskscomparedtothecontrolgroup(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Superiorcervicalganglionectomyinhibitedneurogenesisinthedentategyrusanddecreasedlearningandmemorya

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简介：AbstractArthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction is an innovative technique for the irreparable rotator cuff tears, but spontaneous pneumothorax after surgery is very rare. The present case was a 66-year-old female with irreparable rotator cuff tears of the right shoulder, treated with the arthroscopic shoulder superior capsular reconstruction. The general anesthesia and operation went smoothly, but the patient experienced stuffiness in the chest and shortness of breath after recovery from anesthesia. Thoracic CT scans showed spontaneous pneumothorax in the right side, which was successfully treated by the conservative treatments (oxygen therapy) according to multidisciplinary team. Prompt and accurate early-stage diagnosis is necessary in controlling postoperative complications and standardized treatment is the key to relieve the suffering. Spontaneous pneumothorax after arthroscopic shoulder surgery has been rarely reported in previous literatures.

简介：Thedull-finishferriticstainlesssteel(FSS)sheetB445RforarchitecturalroofinghasbeendevelopedbyBaosteel.ThissteelproductexhibitsexcellentcorrosionresistancesuperiortothatofSUS316Lwithalowercost.Itcanbeeasilyformedintoroofingpanelsbyordinaryprocesses.Moreover,thethermalstrainofitislessthanSUS316Lbecauseofitslowerthermalexpansioncoefficient,anditsreflectivityislowerduetothedull-finishtreatment.Allofthesefeaturesmakeitcapableofbeingusedasarchitecturalroofingmaterialsincoastalregions.

简介：Wehavestudiedthetwo-andthree-photonabsorption(2PAand3PA)propertiesofMn-dopedCsPbCl3twodimensionalnanoplatelets(2DNPs)andcubicnanocrystals.Comparedwiththeircubiccounterparts,theMn-doped2DNPsexhibitstrongerquantumconfinementeffectsthatcanmoreefficientlyenhancetheirdopantcarrierexchangeinteractionsandmultiphotonabsorption.Morespecifically,themaximumvolume-normalized2PAand3PAcrosssectionsofthe2DNPswere6.8and7.2timesgreaterthanthoseoftheircubiccounterparts,respectively,reachingupto1237GM∕nm3inthevisiblelightbandand2.24×10-78cm6·s2·photon-2∕nm3inthesecondbiologicalwindow,respectively.

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简介：AbstractIt is extremely dangerous to treat the posterior third of the superior sagittal sinus (PTSSS) surgically, since it is usually not completely ligated. In this report, the authors described the case of a 27-year-old man with a ruptured and defective PTSSS caused by an open depressed skull fracture, which was treated by ligation of the PTSSS and the patient achieved a positive recovery. The patient's occiput was hit by a height-limiting rod and was in a mild coma. A CT scan showed an open depressed skull fracture overlying the PTSSS and a diffuse brain swelling. He underwent emergency surgery. When the skull fragments were removed, a 4 cm segment of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and the adjacent dura mater were removed together with bone fragments. Haemorrhage occurred and blood pressure dropped. We completed the operation by ligating the severed ends of the fractured sagittal sinus. One month after the operation, apart from visual field defects, he recovered well. In our opinion, in primary hospitals, when patients with severely injured PTSSS cannot sustain a long-time and complicated operation, e.g., the bypass using venous graft, and face life-threatening conditions, ligation of the PTSSS is another option, which may unexpectedly achieve good results.

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简介：Facileproductionofhighqualityactivatedcarbonsfrombiomassmaterialshasgreatlytriggeredmuchattentionpresently.Inthispaper,aseriesofinterconnectedporouscarbonmaterialsfromlotusrootshellsbiomassarepreparedviasimplepyrolysisandfollowedbyaKOHactivationprocess.Thepreparedcarbonsexhibithighspecificsurfaceareasofupto2961m~2/gandlargeporevolume～1.47cm3/g.Inaddition,theresultantporouscarbonsservedaselectrodematerialsinsupercapacitorexhibithighspecificcapacitanceandoutstandingrecyclingstabilityandhighenergydensity.Inparticular,theirspecificcapacitanceretentionwasalmost100%after10500cyclesatacurrentdensityof2A/g.Remarkabely,theimpactofthetailoredspecificsurfaceareasofvariouscarbonsamplesontheircapacitiveperformancesissystematicallyinvestigated.Generally,itwasbelievedthatthehighly-developedporosityfeatures(includingsurfaceareasandporevolumeandporesize-distributions),togetherwiththegoodconductivityofactivatedcarbonspecies,playakeyroleineffectivelyimprovingthestorageenergyperformancesoftheporouscarbonelectrodematerialsinsupercapacitor.

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