简介：Theaimofthisstudyistodevelopdatacollectiontoolsforevaluationofschoolpracticecoursesandforperceptionsofteachercandidatesregardingteachercompetenciesforeffectiveteaching.Threehundredandeighty-eightlastyearundergraduatestudentsfromsevenprogramsoffacultiesofeducationattwostateuniversitiesparticipatedinthestudy.Itemsofthe5-pointLikertscalewerewrittenaccordingtothedimensionsoftheconstructswithrespecttotherelatedliterature.Theitemswerereviewedbythreeexperts,oneofwhomisintheeducationalmeasurementandtwoofwhomareinthescienceandbiologyeducationdepartments.Dimensionalitiesofthetwo-dimensionalEvaluationofPracticumScale（EPS）andone-dimensionalCompetencyofInstructionQualityScale（CIQS）wereanalyzedusingfactoranalysis.UnweightedleastsquaresestimationmethodandPromaxrotationwereusedinthefactoranalysisprocedures.Cronbach＇sacoefficientswere0.89and0.83forthetwodimensionsofEPSand0.82forCIQS.

简介：Thehumancardiovascularsystemisaclosedloopandcomplexvascularnetworkwithmulti-scaledheterogeneoushemodynamicphenomena.Here,wegiveaselectivereviewofrecentprogressinmacro-hemodynamicmodeling,withafocusongeometricalmulti-scalemodelingofthevascularnetwork,micro-hemodynamicmodelingofmicrocirculation,aswellasbloodcellular,subcellular,endothelialbiomechanics,andtheirinteractionwitharterialvesselmechanics.Wedescribeindetailthemethodologyofhemodynamicmodelinganditspotentialapplicationsincardiovascularresearchandclinicalpractice.Inaddition,wepresentmajortopicsforfuturestudy:recentprogressofpatient-specifihemodynamicmodelinginclinicalapplications,micro-hemodynamicmodelingincapillariesandbloodcells,andtheimportanceandpotentialofthemulti-scalehemodynamicmodeling.

简介：Thisarticlepresentsanovelimageinterpolationbasedonrationalfractalfunction.Therationalfunctionhasasimpleandexplicitexpression.Atthesametime,thefractalinterpolationsurfacecanbedefinedbyproperparameters.Inthispaper,weusedthemethodof‘coveringblanket’combinedwithmulti-scaleanalysis;thethresholdisselectedbasedonthemulti-scaleanalysis.Selectingdifferentparametersintherationalfunctionmodel,thetextureregionsandsmoothregionsareinterpolatedbyrationalfractalinterpolationandrationalinterpolationrespectively.Experimentalresultsonbenchmarktestimagesdemonstratethattheproposedmethodachievesverycompetitiveperformancecomparedwiththestate-of-the-artinterpolationalgorithms,especiallyinimagedetailsandtexturefeatures.

简介：题目：中试台架上混煤结渣特性实验研究　　目的：混煤掺烧方式广泛应用于电站的实际生产中，但实际生产中出现了比源煤更为严重的结渣情况。为了研究混煤结渣特性，本文在中试台架上进行混煤结渣实验。　　创新点：在实验过程中采用CCD相机全程监控灰渣生长情况，通过对图片进行图像处理，可以获取灰渣的动态生长情况，更为详细地了解结渣特性。　　方法：1.在中试台架上燃烧不同比例配制的大同煤和陕煤的混煤，插入结渣探针和CCD探针进行结渣实验；2.对煤灰进行X射线荧光(XRF)分析获取氧化物含量；3.对灰渣横截面进行扫描电子显微术-能量色散X射线分析(SEM-EDX)，取不同层的粉末进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析。　　结论：1.混煤结渣厚度随着陕煤比例的增加而增加；2.各工况下结渣达到稳态所需时间随着陕煤比例增加而增加；3.灰渣截面都出现了明显的分层情况，主要元素在飞灰和灰渣之间有明显的选择性沉积。

简介：Simulationandrenderingoflarge-scalenaturalenvironments,especiallytheocean,hasalwaysbeenoneofthehotissuesincomputergraphics,whichcanproviderealismforvariousapplicationssuchascomputergame,movieandmilitaryusage.Simulationofoceanenvironmentisoftenlackofrealismforreal-timeapplicationduetoitscomplexityofdynamicwaves.Inthispaper,amethodbasedonFFTWavemodelisproposedtosolvethisproblem,whichcanalsosimulatetheoceanopticpropertywithatmospherescattering.Furthermore,ourmethodhasalotofadvantagesincludingglobaloceandatasetsupport,real-time,dynamicreflectionofocean,thefoamonthewave,smoothtransitionfromdeepoceantoseacoast,etc.Theexperimentalresultsdemonstratetherealismandeffectivenessofourapproach.

简介：Afamilyofarraycodeswithamaximumdistanceseparable(MDS)property,namedLcodes,isproposed.ThegreateststrengthofLcodesisthatthenumberofrows(columns)inadiskarraydoesnotberestrictedbytheprimenumber,andmorediskscanbedynamicallyappendedinarunningstoragesystem.Lcodescantolerateatleasttwodiskerasuresandsomesectorlosssimultaneously,andcantoleratemultiplediskerasures(greaterthanorequaltothree)underacertaincondition.BecauseonlyXORoperationsareneededintheprocessofencodinganddecoding,LcodeshaveveryhighcomputingefficiencywhichisroughlyequivalenttoXcodes.AnalysisshowsthatLcodesareparticularlysuitableforlarge-scalestoragesystems.

简介：Smallconcentrationsofahigh-molecular-weightpolymerhavebeenusedtocreateso-called'elasticturbulence'inamicro-scaleserpentinechannelgeometry.Itisknownthattheinteractionoflargeelasticstressescreatedbytheshearingmotionwithinthefluidflowwithstreamlinecurvatureoftheserpentinegeometryleadsinitiallytoapurely-elasticinstabilityandthenthegenerationofelasticturbulence.Weshowthatthiselasticturbulenceenhancestheheattransferatthemicro-scaleinthisgeometrybyupto300%undercreepingflowconditionsincomparisontothatachievedbytheequivalentNewtonianfluidflow.

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简介：地震照明在表面下的成像起一个重要作用。一幅更好的图象也能通过优化获得几何学或介绍包含照明赔偿的更先进的地震移植或tomographic倒置方法被期望。垂直电报调查是为它的灵活性和数据质量的传统的海洋的地震调查的潜在的代替。处理的常规垂直电缆线数据在移植前要求primaries和multiples的分离。我们建议使用多尺度的完整的波形倒置(FWI)改进垂直电报调查的照明范围。一个深水速度模型被造在在海床下面检测低速度异例测试多尺度的FWI的能力。合成结果证明多尺度的FWI是在深海的探索的一个有效模型大楼工具。通过面向的照明分析和多尺度的FWI可以帮助减轻垂直电报调查的风险的目标的几何学优化。多尺度的FWI，低频率的数据和multi-vertical-cable获得系统的联合可以提供高分辨率和高保真度表面下的模型。

简介：Thesingularboundarymethod(SBM)isarecentmeshlessboundarycollocationmethodthatremediestheperplexingdrawbackoffictitiousboundaryinthemethodoffundamentalsolutions(MFS).Thebasicideaistousetheoriginintensityfactortoeliminatesingularityofthefundamentalsolutionatsource.Themethodhassofarbeenappliedsuccessfullytothepotentialandelasticityproblems.However,theSBMsolutionforlarge-scaleproblemshasbeenhinderedbytheoperationcountofO(N~3)withdirectsolversorO(N~2)withiterativesolvers,aswellasthememoryrequirementofO(N~2).Inthisstudy,thefirstattemptwasmadetocombinethefastmultipolemethod(FMM)andtheSBMtosignificantlyreduceCPUtimeandmemoryrequirementbyonedegreeofmagnitude,namely,O(N).Basedonthecomplexvariablerepresentationoffundamentalsolutions,theFMM-SBMformulationsforbothdisplacementandtractionwerepresented.Numericalexampleswithuptohundredsofthousandsofunknownshavesuccessfullybeentestedonadesktopcomputer.TheseresultsclearlyillustratedthattheproposedFMM-SBMwasveryefficientandpromisinginsolvinglarge-scaleplaneelasticityproblems.

简介：Thispaperdescribesanoverviewofourrecentdiscovery–cleardemonstrationthatLiFcrystalscanbeefficientlyusedasahigh-performanceneutronimagingdetectorbasedonopticallystimulatedluminescenceofcolorcentersgeneratedbyneutronirradiation.Itisshownthattheneutronimageswehaveobtainedarealmostfreefromgranularnoise,haveaspatialresolutionof～5.4μmandalinearresponsewithadynamicrangeofatleast103.ThehighcontrastandgoodsensitivityofLiFcrystalsallowustodistinguishtwoholeswithlessthan2%transmittancedifference.Weproposetousesuchdetectorsinareaswherehighspatialresolutionwithhighimagegradationresolutionisneeded,includingdiagnosticsofdifferentplasmasourcessuchaslaserandz-pinchproducedplasmas.

简介：在人口分发和密度学习变化能为地区性的开发提供重要基础并且计划。空间模式和在在中国的人口密度的变化的开车因素还不是清楚的。用在2000和2010的人口普查数据，因此，这研究第一在中国分析了人口密度的变化并且在所有2353个县把变化划分了成4种类型，由快速的增加，慢增加，慢减少和快速的减少组成。随后，基于部分最少的平方(请)回归方法，我们认出了重要因素(在11个自然、社会经济的因素之中)为有人口变化的不同类型的整个国家和县的影响人口密度变化。结果显示出那：(1)在2010，与在2000的人口密度相比，在大多数县(超过60%)的人口密度每km由21个人增加了2平均，当在另外的县的人口密度每km由13个人减少了时2。所有2353个县，当458和446个县分别地在人口密度显示出慢、快速的减少时，860和589个县分别地在人口密度显示出快速、慢的增加。(2)在11个因素之中，社会经济的因素比自然因素更显著地影响了人口密度变化。更高经济的发展水平，更好医药的条件和更强壮的通讯能力是人口增加的主要的拉因素。稠密的人口密度是人口减少的主要的推因素。这些结论在过去的10年在中国澄清了人口变化和它的影响因素的空间模式并且能为计划的未来人口提供有用参考。

简介：Background:Withthelossofspeciesworldwideduetoanthropogenicfactors,especiallyinforestedecosystems,ithasbecomemoreurgentthanevertounderstandthebiodiversity-ecosystemfunctioningrelationship(BEFR).BEFRresearchinforestedecosystemsisverylimitedandthusstudiesthatincorporategreatergeographiccoverageandstructuralcomplexityareneeded.Methods:Wecompiledground-measureddatafromapprox.onehalfmilionforestinventorysampleplotsacrossthecontiguousUnitedStates,Alaska,andnortheasternChinatomaptreespeciesrichness,foreststocking,andproductivityatacontinentalscale.Basedonthesedata,weinvestigatedtherelationshipbetweenforestproductivityandtreespeciesdiversity,usingamultipleregressionanalysisandanon-parametricapproachtoaccountforspatialautocorrelation.Results:Ingeneral,forestsintheeasternUnitedStatesconsistedofmoretreespeciesthananyotherregionsinthecountry.ThehighestforeststockingvaluesovertheentirestudyareawereconcentratedinthewesternUnitedStatesandCentralAppalachia.Overall,96.4%ofsampleplots(477,281)showedasignificantpositiveeffectofspeciesrichnessonsiteproductivity,andonly3.6%(17,349)hadaninsignificantornegativeeffect.Conclusions:Thelargenumberofground-measuredplots,aswellasthemagnitudeofgeographicscale,renderedoverwhelmingevidenceinsupportofapositiveBEFR.Thisempiricalevidenceprovidesinsightstoforestmanagementandbiologicalconservationacrossdifferenttypesofforestedecosystems.Foresttimberproductivitymaybeimpairedbythelossofspeciesinforests,andbiologicalconservation,duetoitspotentialbenefitsonmaintainingspeciesrichnessandproductivity,canhaveprofoundimpactsonthefunctioningandservicesofforestedecosystems.

简介：这份报纸在水分泌物的时间系列和黄河的沉积负担检验变化进Bohai海。为了决定突然的变化的特征和水的多尺度的时期，分泌物和沉积装载，从Lijin的数据车站被分析，并且回声时期当时是计算的。Mann-Kendall测试，聚类的顺序，力量光谱，和小浪分析被用来在最后62年观察水分泌物和沉积负担进海。在进海的水分泌物的最重要的突然的变化在1985发生了，并且在沉积负担的一个突然的变化发生在一样的年里。分别地，64.6%和73.8%的重要减少在1985前在水分泌物和沉积负担被观察。在水分泌物和沉积负担的更重要的突然的变化在1968和1996被观察。进Bohai海表演的水分泌物和沉积负担的特征在内部年度、十的规模的周期的摆动。而沉积负担的主要经期是10.67年，4.27年，和2.78年，水分泌物的主要经期是9.14年和3.05年。在水分泌物和沉积负担之间的重要回声时期在下列时间的规模被观察：2.86年，4.44年，和13.33年。水分泌物和沉积负担开始在1970以后减少并且自从1985，为几个原因显著地减少了。第一，黄河排水区域的降水后来减少了1970。第二，大规模人的活动例如水库和制约的大楼，增加了。第三，自从1985，水和土壤保存生效了。

简介：Thispaperreportsstick–slipbehaviorsofIndiangabbroasstudiedusinganewlarge-scalebiaxialfrictionapparatus,builtintheNationalResearchInstituteforEarthScienceandDisasterPrevention(NIED),Tsukuba,Japan.Theapparatusconsistsoftheexistingshakingtableastheshear-loadingdeviceupto3,600kN,themainframeforholdingtwolargerectangularprismaticspecimenswithaslidingareaof0.75m2andforapplyingnormalstressesrnupto1.33MPa,andareactionforceunitholdingthestationaryspecimentotheground.Theshakingtablecanproduceloadingratesvupto1.0m/s,accelerationsupto9.4m/s2,anddisplacementsdupto0.44m,usingfourservocontrolledactuators.Wereportresultsfromeightpreliminaryexperimentsconductedwithroomhumidityonthesamegabbrospecimensatv=0.1–100mm/sandrn=0.66–1.33MPa,andwithdofabout0.39m.Thepeakandsteady-statefrictioncoefficientswereabout0.8and0.6,respectively,consistentwiththeByerleefriction.Theaxialforcedroporshearstressdropduringanabruptslipislinearlyproportionaltotheamountofdisplacement,andtheslopeofthisrelationshipdeterminesthestiffnessoftheapparatusas1.159108N/mor153MPa/mforthespecimensweused.Thislowstiffnessmakesfaultmotionveryunstableandtheovershootingofshearstresstoanegativevaluewasrecognizedinsomeviolentstick–slipevents.Anabruptslipoccurredinaconstantrisetimeof16–18msdespitewidevariationofthestressdrop,andanaveragevelocityduringanabruptslipislinearlyproportionaltothestressdrop.Theuseofalarge-scaleshakingtablehasagreatpotentialinincreasingthesliprateandtotaldisplacementinbiaxialfrictionexperimentswithlargespecimens.

简介：有10厘米的规模的镉硫化物(CdS)缓冲区层

简介：Ammoniumsulfateresidueisaparticulatesolidandisproducedduringthemanufactureofammoniumsulfatefertilizer.Theresidueusedinthisstudycontainedalargeportionofcalciumcarbonate,fromwhichactivelime（CaO）wasrecoveredviathermaldecomposition.Weusedapurpose-builtdevicetodecomposetheresidueinasemi-suspensionstate.WefoundthatCaOhadthehighestactivitywhenresiduewasdecomposedat850-900℃.OurexperimentsindicatedthatammoniumsulfateresidueshouldbedecomposedinasuspensionstatetoproduceactiveCaO.Basedonourlaboratorytestfindings,anindustrial-scaleproductionlinewithahighsolid/gasratioinasuspensionstatewasdevised.TheoptimaloperatingconditionsforthedecompositionoftheammoniumsulfateresiduetoproducehighqualityCaOwerealsoinvestigated.WefoundthattheCaCO3decompositionratewashighandtheCaOproductwashighlyactive,averaging170sbythecitricacidmethod.MorphologymeasurementsshowedthattheCaOproducthadaporousstructureandalargespecificsurfaceensuringhighactivity.

简介：TheEastChinaSea(ECS)isariver-dominatedepicontinentalsea,linkingtheAsiancontinenttothenorthwesternPacificviathelargeriversoriginatingfromTibetanPlateau.TherelevanthugeinfluxofriverinedetritushasdevelopeduniquesedimentarysystemsintheECSduringtheQuaternary,offeringidealterrestrialarchivesforreconstructingQuaternarypaleoenvironmentalchangesandstudyingland-seainteractions.Overall,twocharacteristicriversystemsdominatethesedimentarysystemsandsedimentsourcetosinktransportpatternsintheECS,representedbytheChangjiang(YangtzeRiver)andHuanghe(YellowRiver)forthelargeriversystemandTaiwanriversforthesmallriversystem.Giventhis,thesedimentsderivedfrombothriversystemsbeardistinctfeaturesintermsofparentrocklithology,provenanceweatheringandsedimenttransport.Previousstudiesmostlyfocusoneitherthe‘source’discriminationorthe‘sink’recordsofthesedimentarysystemintheECS,whilethesourcetosinkprocesslinkingthelandandsea,inparticularitstimescale,hasbeenpoorlyunderstood.Hereweintroduceanewly-developeddatingtechnique,the‘comminutionage’method,whichoffersaquantitativeconstraintonthetimescaleofsedimenttransferfromitsultimatesourcetothefinaldepositionalsink.Thisnovelmethodisofgreatsignificanceforimprovingourunderstandingontheearthsurfaceprocessesincludingtectonic-climatedrivenweathering,andsedimentrecyclinginrelationtolandscapeevolutionandmarineenvironmentalchanges.TheapplicationofcomminutionagemethodintheECSwillprovideimportantconstraintsonsedimentsource-to-sinkprocessandmoreevidencesfortheconstructionoflateQuaternarypaleoenvironmentalchangesundertheseuniquesedimentarysystems.更多还原