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简介：心理学上有句名言：性格决定心理，心理决定命运。目前，中国大学生存在的心理问题呈现逐渐增多的趋势，众多诱因导致大学生成为心理上的弱势群体，让他们重新拥有阳光般明媚的健康心态将成为我们工作的重中之重。

简介：大学不仅要开设普通的心理学课程，而且还要在心理学课程里加入有关将来职业规划的课题，这是社会经济结构发展要求大学成为职业训练和准备基地的必然结果。美国的一些研究表明，开设此类课题的意义重大，有助于大学生储备与将来职业相关的知识，有助于大学生在毕业之后找到较好的工作……

简介：Accordingtothefundamentaltheoryofvisualcognitionmechanismandcognitivepsychology,thevisualpatternrecognitionmodelisintroducedbriefly.Threepatternrecognitionmodels,i.e.template-basedmatchingmodel,prototype-basedmatchingmodelandfeature-basedmatchingmodelarebuiltanddiscussedseparately.Inaddition,theinfluenceofobjectbackgroundinformationandvisualfocuspointtotheresultofpatternrecognitionisalsodiscussedwiththeexampleofrecognitionforfuzzylettersandfigures.

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简介：ThecentralpurposeofthispaperistoexplainhowDarwin′stheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectioncanbeusedinunderstandingcurrenthumanbehaviour.First,Darwin′slogicisbrieflydescribed.Developmentisanimportantissuewhenapplyingevolutionarytheorytohumanbehaviour.Thenotionofinnatedevelopmentalorganizationofpsychologicalmechanismsisintroduced.Thepossiblesocialandpoliticaloutcomesproducedwhendifferentlevelsofinnatedevelopmentalorganizationarepairedwithdifferentbeliefsaboutitareconsidered.Thenotionofpsychologicalmechanismsasevolvedadaptationsisconsideredinsomedetail.ThenIdiscussdifferentwaysevolutioniststhinkabouthowgenesareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofadaptations.Thepaperconcludeswithaframeworkforconsideringhowancestraladaptationsfunctionincurrentenvironmentsandoutlinessomewaysofstudyingthem.InChinaandmanyotherpartsoftheworldpeopledesireamoreharmonioussociety.Ihopethatthispaperwillbeofsomesmallhelpinachievingthisgreattask.

简介：Purpose:Tosummarizetheapproach-avoidanceachievementgoalandperformanceinthesportpsychologyliterature.Methods:Atotalof17publishedstudies,twoofwhichprovidedtwosamples,werelocated.Acceptedmeta-analyticprocedureswereusedwithHedgesgastheeffectsizemetric.Fromthe17studies,73effectsizeswerecalculated.Results:Resultsbasedonarandomeffectsmodelindicatedthattheperformancegoalcontrasthadthelargestfacilitativeimpactonperformancefollowedbythemasteryandperformanceapproachgoals.Bothoftheavoidancegoalsperformanceandmasteryhadsmallnon-significantanddetrimentaleffectsonperformance.Thehomogeneitystatisticsrevealedsignificantheterogeneityfortheapproachandavoidanceperformancegoals.Categoricalmoderatorvariableswereexaminedforstudysexcomposition(male,female,ormixed),meanageofsample(<18yearsor18years),studysetting(labornaturalistic),andnatureofperformancevariable(objectiveorsubjective).Conclusion:Theperformancegoalcontrastholdsvalueforsportperformanceresearch.Contrarytoapproach-avoidancepredictions,themastery-approachgoalandperformanceeffectsizewassignificantandofequalmagnitudeastheperformanceapproachgoalandperformanceeffectsize.Thus,futureresearchshouldcloselytesttheefficacyofboththemastery-andperformancecontrastsinimpactingperformanceofsporttasks.Last,thesignificanteffectsizesreportedinthisreviewareinstarkcontrasttocontemporarymeta-analyticfindingsineducation.Differencesintheapproach-avoidancegoalsinsportandeducationrelativetoperformanceshouldberesearchedfurther.

简介：Objectives:ToprobesomemoreimportantfactorsaffectingtheHIVepidemicbysurveyingtherelationshipbetweenAIDShighriskbehaviorsandchildhoodstatus,attitude/perceptiontogenderofmale/sexorientationandrareexperiences/Psy-chologyamongChinesegays.Methods:Datawerecollectedfrom240Chinesegayswhowereattractedbytheirsamegender.Results:TheextentofsexamongMainlandChinagaysissimilartothatofindustrializedcountries,andbehaviorsthatexacerbatetheHIVepidemicareuniversal.Perceptions“beingagirlisbetter”,“Disliketoyslikeswordsorpistolsinearlychildhoodwerepredictorstopassiveanalintercourseinadulthood.Thosegaymenwhobegansexualintercourseyoungerthan16yearsoldtendedtohavemoresexpartnersandsufferedmorepain.Thosedislikedgenderofmaleorself-regardedasfemaletendedtohavemorepassiveanalintercourseandrelatedtochildhoodcross-genderexperience/psychologywhilethosewereraisedasgirlsbytheirparentsdidnottakeontheabovecharacters.Individualswhoexperiencedsexcoercionanddrugabusewerethetwosubgroupswiththegreatesthigh-riskbehaviors.Individualswhohadsexwithfemaleshadthegreatestnumberofmalesexpartnersandweremorepronetogroupsex.Individualswithpedophiliaorgerontophiliahadmorecasualsexpartners.PsychologicalproblemsencounteredbyChinesegaysrelatedtosuicideattemptsandcommitment.Conclusions:TheprospectofanextensiveAIDSepidemicamongChinesegaysdoesexistandsomesubgroupsofgaysplaymoreimportantrolesintheepidemic.Somehighriskbehaviorsamongadultgayscanbeforeseenexplicitlybythepredictorstakingoninchildhood,andcloselyrelatetoattitude/perception,togenderofmale,tosomerareexperience/psychology.