简介：AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most difficult complication following total joint arthroplasty. Most of the etiological strains, accounting for over 98% of PJI, are bacterial species, with Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci present in between 50% and 60% of all PJIs. Fungi, though rare, can also cause PJI in 1%—2% of cases and can be challenging to manage. The management of this uncommon but complex condition is challenging due to the absence of a consistent algorithm. Diagnosis of fungal PJI is difficult as isolation of the organisms by traditional culture may take a long time, and some of the culture-negative PJI can be caused by fungal organisms. In recent years, the introduction of next-generation sequencing has provided opportunity for isolation of the infective organisms in culture-negative PJI cases. The suggested treatment is based on consensus and includes operative and non-operative measures. Two-stage revision surgery is the most reliable surgical option for chronic PJI caused by fungi. Pharmacological therapy with antifungal agents is required for a long period of time with antibiotics and included to cover superinfections with bacterial species. The aim of this review article is to report the most up-to-date information on the diagnosis and treatment of fungal PJI with the intention of providing clear guidance to clinicians, researchers and surgeons.

简介：摘要：地铁处于地下空间之内，不仅要搭载大量乘客，同时相关设备在前期建造过程中造价昂贵，一旦出现火灾，会造成无法预估的经济损失与社会影响，因此，在地铁运营过程中，需要将火灾预防工作放在第一位置。在这个前提下，气体灭火系统逐渐进入了大家的视野，但在实际应用的过程中，气体灭火系统的误喷现象也日渐突然，误喷的原因也是多种多样，但改进的可行的方案并不多。据此，本文主要针对气体灭火系统的误喷现象进行讨论分析，并提出可行的改进方案。

简介：摘要：运输问题是线性规划中一类具有典型特征的数学模型，应用十分广泛，主要应用在如何组织产品的运输路线使得运输费用最低。本文研究一类产销不平衡含有转运情况的运输问题，深入分析建立模型，并采用Excel的规划求解功能对此类运输问题进行应用研究，并举例加以说明。