简介：

简介：Ｔｈｉｓｂｉｂｌｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙｏｎｐｉｅｒｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇｃｏｖｅｒｓａｐｅｒｉｏｄｆｒｏｍ１８７３ｔｏ１９９６ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｏｖｅｒ３００ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ．Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓｉｎｔｈｉｓｂｉｂｌｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙｉｓｏｎｐｉｅｒｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｓｃｏｕｒ，ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｓｃｏｕｒ，ｔｉｍｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｓｃｏｕｒ，ｄｅｓｉｇｎｆｏｒｍｕｌａｓ，ｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｏｒｋｓ；ｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｈｏｒｓｅｓｈｏｅｖｏｒｔｅｘａｔｐｉｅｒｓｏｒｃｙｌｉｎｄｅｒｓａｒｅａｌｓｏｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ

简介：Tomitigatescouraroundbridgepiers,sacrificialpilesareeconomicmethodwherenaturalprocessesareinvolved.Thearrangementshouldbesuchthatscouredmaterialsfromthesacrificialpilesshouldhaveenoughvolumetofillthescourholecreatedupstreamofthepierinsuchawaythatsedimentsaretrappedinsidethescourhole.Thisconceptdiffersfromearlierstudymadewithsacrificialpilesthatmainlydealstoreducethestrengthofhorseshoevortex.Todeterminetheeffectofsacrificialpilesforscourmitigation,alternativearrangementsofpilesweretestedinfrontofarectangularpierunderclear-waterconditionandfoundthatwhenthegroupofpilesisplacedatadistanceoftwicetheprojectedwidthofthepier,forwhichpercentageofblockageofthepierwidthis60%,thescourvolumecanbereducedupto61%whilethemaximumscourdepthcanbereducedupto50%.

简介：Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｐｉｅｒｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｂｙｍａｎｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｏｒｓｄｕｅｔｏｉｔｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｉｎｂｒｉｄｇｅｐｉｅｒｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎｄｅｓｉｇｎ．Ａｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｖｉｅｗｏｆｔｈｅｕｐｔｏｄａｔｅｗｏｒｋｏｎｐｉｅｒｓｃｏｕｒｉｎｇｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｈｉｇｈｌｉｇｈｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｃｏｕｒｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ，ｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｓｃｏｕｒ，ｔｉｍｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｓｃｏｕｒ，ｓｃｏｕｒｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｍｕｌａｓａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｗｏｒｋｓ

简介：TheSutongBridgeinChinaopenedtotrafficin2008,andisanarterialconnectionbetweenthecitiesofNantongandSuzhou.Itisacable-stayedbridgewithamainspanof1,088m.Duetoatightconstructionscheduleandlackofsuitableseismicdevicesatthetime,fixedsupportswereinstalledbetweenthepiersandthegirderinthetransversedirection.Asaresult,significanttransverseseismicforcescouldoccurinthepiersandfoundations,especiallyduringareturnperiodofa2500-yearearthquake.Therefore,thepiers,foundationsandfixedbearingshadtobedesignedextraordinarilystrong.However,whenlargerearthquakesoccur,thebearings,piersandfoundationsarestillvulnerable.Therecentrapiddevelopmentsinseismictechnologyandtheperformance-baseddesignapproachofferabetteropportunitytooptimizethetransverseseismicdesignfortheSutongBridgepiers.TheoptimizeddesigncanbeappliedtotheSutongBridge(asaretrofit),aswellasotherbridges.Seismicdesignalternativesutilizingviscousfluiddampers(VFD),orfrictionpendulumslidingbearings(FPSB),ortransverseyieldingmetallicdampers(TYMD)arethoroughlystudiedinthiswork,andtheresultsarecomparedwiththosefromthecurrentconditionwithfixedtransversesupportsandahypotheticalconditioninwhichonlyslidingbearingsareprovidedontopofthepiers(thegirdercanmove"freely"inthetransversedirectionduringtheearthquake,exceptforfrictionalforcesoftheslidingbearings).Parametricanalyseswereperformedtooptimizethedesignoftheseproposedseismicdevices.Fromthecomparisonofthepeakbridgeresponsesintheseconfigurations,itwasfoundthatbothVFDandTYMDareveryeffectiveinthereductionoftransverseseismicforcesinpiers,whileatthesametimekeepingtherelativetransversedisplacementsbetweenpiersandtheboxgirderwithinacceptablelimits.However,comparedtoVFD,TYMDdonotinteractwiththelongitudinaldisplacementsofthegirder,andhavesimplerdetail

简介：大木质的碎片(LWD)减少流动区域，背离流动和增加在桥墩的通讯的速度，因此增加最大值搜索洞深度并且加速沉积移动。在桥墩上积累的木头和飘移具有不同尺寸。根据木头特征和河形态学，飘移累积也能下游地扩大桥墩或他们能积累完全在上游。这份报纸试图在桥牌上分析飘移累积测面积池的效果墩搜索。试验性的调查在土木工程部门的PITLAB水力的中心被执行了，比萨的大学，意大利。飘移累积被不同相对纵的长度，流动区域吸藏，一些纵的飘移和下游的planimetrical位置相对墩中心描绘。试验性的调查处于清楚水的条件被执行了。几种墩尺寸，隧道宽度和沉积材料被测试了。最大在累积与最大值相比的飘移的存在搜索洞为孤立的墩搜索洞。最后，数据与以前的文学调查结果相比，它在桥牌上加亮飘移累积的下游的延期的效果墩搜索。新关系被建议了在桥码头上预言飘移累积的效果搜索，两个以相对最大值搜索并且时间搜索进化。

简介：各种各样的方法被建议到在桥墩附近搜索的控制。在现在的学习，独自一个的在和在和领子的联合的申请试验性地被检验为在圆柱的桥墩附近搜索控制。测试与七种在尺寸并且与领子的二种不同尺寸被进行。实验方程有或没有领子保护为墩的二格为稳定的在直径被开发。在层的程度也为这二格被介绍。结果在b/dR=7.5的范围显示出那(在b是的地方，墩直径和医生是在尺寸)使用一个领子减少了稳定的在尺寸。使用领子在前面减少了在层延期，这也被结束并且墩站在一起。

简介：

简介：

简介：AmeshlessapproachtoanalysisofarbitraryKirchhoffplatesbythelocalboundaryintegralequation(LBIE)methodispresented.Themethodcombinestheadvantageousfeaturesofallthethreemeth-ods:theGalerkinfiniteelementmethod(GFEM),theboundaryelementmethod(BEM)andtheelement-freeGalerkinmethod(EFGM).Itisatrulymeshlessmethod,whichmeansthatthediscretizationisinde-pendentofgeometricsubdivisionintoelementsorcells,butisonlybasedonasetofnodes(orderedorscat-tered)overadomaininquestion.Itinvolvesonlyboundaryintegration,however,overalocalboundarycen-teredatthenodeinquestion;Itposesnodifficultiesinsatisfyingtheessentialboundaryconditionswhileleadingtobandedandsparsesystemmatricesusingthemovingleastsquare(MLS)approximations.Itisshownthathighaccuracycanbeachievedforarbitrarygeometriesforclampedandsimply-supportededgeconditions.Themethodisfoundtobesimple,efficient,andattractive.

简介：ThecharacteristicsoftheTriassicsequencesdevelopedintheLowerYangtzeareadisplaysomegreatchangesinbothenvironmentandclimate.Thechangeofenvironmentwasatransitionfrommarinetocontinentviaalternatingenvironments.Thechangeofclimatewasatransitionfromtropic(torrid)towarmandwetclimateviasubtropicdryclimate.Thetypevariationsofthesequenceswerefromthemarinesequencestothecontinentalsequences,correspondingtothechangesofenvironmentsandclimates.Sequence1isatypeⅡofsequenceofmixedclasticandcarbonatesediments;sequence2isatypeⅠofsequenceofcarbonateplatform;sequence3isatypeⅠofsequenceofcarbonatetidalflat-saltlagoon,sequence4isatypeⅡofsequenceoflacustrinewithinmarinelayers,andsequence5isasequenceoflacustrine-swamp.Thedevelopment,distributionandpreservationofthosesequencesrevealthetectoniccontrolsandtheirchangesinthebackground.ThecollisionbetweentheYangtzeplateandtheNorthChinaplatewasagreatgeologicaleventinthegeologicalhistory,butthetimingofthecollisionisstilldisputed.However,thecharacteristicsofTriassicsequencestratigraphyandsealevelchangesintheLowerYangtzearearespondedtothiscoliision.ThecollisionstartedatthebeginningofmiddleTriassicandthegreatregressionintheLowerYangtzeareastarted22Maearlierthanthoseintheworld.Thetectonicconditionsoccurredbeforeandduringthecollisioncontrolledthedevelopmentofsequencesandtypechanges.

简介：在这个工作，试验性的调查被追求了分析影响向下在在在冲积隧道的圆形的桥码头附近的旋涡结构的流动和相应变化的狂暴的特征上的渗出物。实验为没有渗出物，10%渗出物和20%渗出物盒子与不同尺寸的圆形的墩在沙床隧道被进行。象速度和雷纳兹压力那样的狂暴的流动统计的测量被发现在scour洞在以内否定墩在上游而申请向下，渗出物延迟在速度和雷纳兹引起减少的流动的颠倒强调。更高级的雷纳兹砍因为生产，应力在下游的方面占优势弄醒旋涡。到彻底的雷纳兹的所有爆炸事件的贡献砍压力生产被观察了增加与向下渗出物。不可分的规模的分析建议旋涡的那种尺寸与渗出物增加，它为粒子活动性的增加负责。开始搜索评价是消退逐渐地象与一样与膨胀预定的更多增加了向下渗出物。存在向下，渗出物向墩的下游的方面减少旋涡和移动的深度和长度。

简介：Theeffectofdiffusiononthermoelasticthinplatesisinvestigated.Thegoverningequationsforthinthermoelasticdiffusionplatesunderthreedifferentlawsofheatanddiffusiontransmissionarederived.BytheC0-semigrouptheory,thewell-posednessoftheproposedequationsisshown.

简介：

简介：Hydrodynamiccharactersonahorizontal,thin,rigidplatelocatedbeneaththefreesurfacearenumericallyinvestigated.Assumingalinear,time-harmonicpotentialflowandutilizingGreenidentity,thegoverningLaplaceequationcanbesimplifiedintoFredholmintegralequationofthesecondkind.Supposinglinear-orderdiscontinuouselementsalongintersectingverticalboundaries,andbyuseoftheboundaryelementmethod,numericalsolutionaboutsourcestrengthdistributionontheplatecanbechangedintoaseriesofalgebraicequations.The3DGreenfunctionisintroducedtosetuptheintegralequations,andtheGMRESsolverisperformedforsolvingthelargedenselinearsystemofequations.Theadded-mass,dampingforceandexcitingforceareevaluateddirectlyfromtheequations.Itisfoundthattheadded-masscoefficientbecomesnegativeforarangeoffrequencieswhentheplateissufficientlyclosetothefreesurface.

简介：

简介：

简介：三明治板系统(SPS)被预付开始在海军的建筑学和海洋工程收到了广泛的注意的材料。根据分类社会的规则，目前，壳和稳固的元素的混合物被要求模仿SPS。基于僵硬分解的原则，为壳元素的一个新数字模拟方法被建议。根据僵硬分解的原则，全部的僵硬能被分解成弯曲僵硬并且砍僵硬。与把僵硬弄弯有关的排水量和压力反应与把压成薄片的壳元素被计算。排水量和压力反应由于砍被计算代码的使用计算由FORTRAN语言写。然后，为SPS的全部的排水量和压力反应被一起增加全部的排水量和应力的这二部分获得。最后，一个矩形的SPS盘子和双底部结构被用于模拟。在论文建议的元素模仿的偏转比一样大的结果表演根据Hoff理论由稳固的元素和分析溶液模仿了并且对壳固体元素的混合模仿的一样近似，并且在论文建议的元素模仿的压力对另外的模仿的方法近似。那么与计算相比基于壳和稳固的元素的混合物，在论文给的数字模拟方法对更有效、更容易。

简介：Thispaperdescribesthebenefits,technicaldifficultiesanddisadvantagesofthecurrentheavyreductionsolutionsforplateproduction.Forupdatedplatemills,thispapergivesabetterideafortheheavyreductioncontrolintherollingprocess.Thatistokeepthereductionamountconstantinthefront-endandback-endsectionsoftheplateandtoadopttaperedrollingwithvariablereductioninthemiddlesectionoftheplate.Thissolution(alreadyappliedforapatent)cannotonlyfullyutilizethecapacityofthemillmotors,butalsopreventdifficultiesinplatebitingcausedbytheconventionalheavyreductionsolutionswithexcessivedraft.Thistechnicalsolutionhasbeenimplementedatthe5mplatemillplantofBaosteel,andindustrialtestshaveprovedthefeasibilityofit.Thispaperpresentsandanalyzestheindustrialtestdataandprovesthatthetaperedheavyreductiontechnologycanreducethenumberofrollingpasses.Inaddition,thispaperlooksforwardtothefutureresearchinthisarea.

简介：