简介：Biologicalelementsusuallyexerttheirfunctionsthroughinteractionswithotherstoformvarioustypesofbiologicalnetworks.Theabilityofcontrollingthedynamicsofbiologicalnetworksisofenormousbenefitstopharmaceuticalandmedicalindustryaswellasscientificresearch.Thoughtherearemanymathematicalmethodsforsteeringdynamicsystemstowardsdesiredstates,themethodsareusuallynotfeasibleforapplyingtocomplexbiologicalnetworks.Thedifficultiescomefromthelackofaccuratemodelthatcancapturethedynamicsofinteractionsbetweenbiologicalelementsandthefactthatmanymathematicalmethodsarecomputationallyintractableforlarge-scalenetworks.Recently,aconceptincontroltheory--controllability,hasbeenappliedtoinvestigatethedynamicsofcomplexnetworks.Inthisarticle,recentadvancesonthecontrollabilityofcomplexnetworksandapplicationstobiologicalnetworksarereviewed.Developingdynamicmodelsisthepriorconcernforanalyzingdynamicsofbiologicalnetworks.First,weintroduceawidelyuseddynamicmodelforinvestigatingcontrollabilityofcomplexnetworks.Thenrecentstudiesoftheoremsandalgorithmsforhavingcomplexbiologicalnetworkscontrollableingeneralorspecificapplicationscenariosarereviewed.Finally,applicationstorealbiologicalnetworksmanifestthatinvestigatingthecontrollabilityofbiologicalnetworkscanshedlightsonmanycriticalphysiologicalormedicalproblems,suchasrevealingbiologicalmechanismsandidentifyingdrugtargets,fromasystematicperspective.

简介：多字的表情(MWE)在自然语言经常并且不合语法地出现。在免费文章识别MWE是一个很挑战性的问题。这份报纸建议没有知识、无指导、语言无关的多字的表示距离(MED)。新度量标准从一个接受物理原则被导出，从n克测量距离到它的语义，并且超过在二应用的MWE上的另外的最先进的方法：问答和命名实体抽取。

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简介：ThispaperdescribesageneralizedtweakableblockcipherHPH（Hash-Permutation-Hash）,whichisbasedonapublicrandompermutationPandafamilyofalmost-XOR-universalhashfunctionsH={HK}K∈κasatweakandkeyschedule,anddefinedasy=HPHK（（t1,t2）,x）=P（xHK（t1））HK（t2）,whereKisakeyrandomlychosenfromakeyspace/C,（tl,t2）isatweakchosenfromavalidtweakspaceT,xisaplaintext,andyisaciphertext.WeprovethatHPHisasecurestrongtweakablepseudorandompermutation（STPRP）byusingH-coefficientstechnique.ThenwefocusonthesecurityofHPHagainstmulti-keyandrelated-keyattacks.WeprovethatHPHachievesbothmulti-keySTPRPsecurityandrelated-keySTPRPsecurity.HPHcanbeextendedtowideapplications.Itcanbedirectlyappliedtoauthenticationandauthenticatedencryptionmodes.WeapplyHPHtoPMAC1andOPP,provideanimprovedauthenticationmodeHPMACandanewauthenticatedencryptionmodeOPH,andprovethatthetwomodesachievesingle-keysecurity,multi-keysecurity,andrelated-keysecurity.

简介：Tousereasoningknowledgeaccuratelyandefficiently,manyreasoningmethodshavebeenproposed.However,thedifferencesinformamongthemethodsmayobstructthesystematicalanalysisandharmoniousintegrationofthem.Inthispaper,acommonreasoningmodelJUM(JudgementModel)isintroduced.AccordingtoJUM,acommonknowledgerepresentationformisabstractedfromdifferentreasoningmethodsanditslimitationisreduced.WealsoproposeanalgorithmfortransformingonetypeofJUMsintoanother.Insomecases,thealgorithmcanbeusedtoresolvethekeyproblemofintegratingdifferenttypesofJUMinonesystem.Itispossiblethatanewarchitectureofknowledge-basedsystemcanberealizedunderJUM.

简介：AnewmethodforrecognizingChinesecharactersisproposed.Itisbasedontheso-calledfeaturepointsofChinesecharacters.Thefeaturepointsweuseincludethoseonthestrokeofacharacter.i.e.,endpoints.turningpoints,forkpointsandcrosspoints.andthekeypointsonthebackgroundofcharacter.ThismethoddiffersfromthepreviousonesforitcombinesthefeaturepointsonstrokewiththoseonbackgroundanditusesfeaturepointstorecognizeChinesecharactersdirectly.AChinesecharacterrecognitionsystembasedtotop-downdynamicalmatchingoffeaturepointisdeveloped.Thesystemcanrecognizenotonly6763printedsampleSongfontChinesecharactersofsize5.6×5.6mm^2withhighrecognitionrate,butalsothegeneralprintedbooks,magazinesanddocumentswithasatisfactoryrecognitionrateandspeed.

简介：AnewmethodforintrinsicterminatorpredictionbasedonRnall,anRNAlocalsecondarystructurepredictionalgorithmdevelopedrecently,andtwoU-tailscoreschemasaredeveloped.Byoptimizingthreeparameters(thermodynamicenergyofRNAhairpinstructure,U-tailTweight,andU-tailhybridizationenergy),themethodcanrecognize92.25%ofknownterminatorswhilerejecting98.48%ofpredictedRNAlocalsecondarystructuresincodingregions(negativecontrol)asfalseintrinsicterminatorsinE.coll.ThismethodwasappliedtoscanthegenomeofSynechocgccussp.WH8102,andwepredicted266intrinsicterminators,whichincluded232protein-codinggenes,12tRNAgenes,and3rRNAgenes.About17%oftheseterminatorsarelocatedattheendofoperons.Itisalsoidentified8pairsofbiodirectionalterminators.ThemethodforintrinsicterminatorpredictionhasbeenincorporatedintoRnM1,whichisavailableathttp://digbio.missouri.edu/-wanx/Rnall/.

简介：Identity-basedhashproofsystemisabasicandimportantprimitive.Ittographicschemesandprotocolsthataresecureagainstkey-leakageattacks.Inthisupdatableidentity-basedhashproofsystem,inwhichtherelatedmastersecretkeyiswidelyutilizedtoconstructcryp-paper,weintroducetheconceptofandtheidentitysecretkeycanbeupdatedsecurely.Then,weinstantiatethisprimitivebasedonlatticesinthestandardmodel.Moreover,weintroduceanapplicationofthisnewprimitivebygivingagenericconstructionofleakage-resilientpublic-keyencryptionschemeswithanonymity.Thisconstructioncanbeconsideredastheintegrationofthebounded-retrievalmodelandthecontinualleakagemodel.Comparedwiththeexistingleakage-resilientschemes,ourconstructionnotonlyismoreefficientbutalsocanresistmuchmorekeyleakage.