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简介：黑暗精力的问题简短在理论、观察的方面被考察。在理论方面，黑暗精力情形被分类进对称，人类的原则，调节机制，修改严肃，量宇宙论，holographic原则，背反应和现象学的类型。在观察方面，我们介绍宇宙的探针，联系的精力投射的黑暗，理论模型上的观察限制和模型独立人士重建。

简介：In1929,AmericanastronomerHubblefirstdiscoveredthattherecessionalvelocityofagalaxyincreaseswithitsdistancefromtheearth,andthereforeputforwardHubble’slaw.ItisconsideredthefirstobservationalbasisfortheexpansionoftheuniverseandtodayservesasoneofthepiecesofevidencemostoftencitedinsupportoftheBigBangmodel.SincethentheastrophysicscommunityhasbelievedthattheuniverseisinaconstantrateofexpansionuntilSaulPermutter,BrianPaulSchmitandAdamGuyRieesdiscoveredtheacceleratingexpansionoftheuniversethroughobservationofseveraldozendistantsupernovasin1998,whothenwontheNobelPrizeinPhysics2011.Buthumanstillcannotcompletelyexplainthephenomenonthattheuniverseisexpandingatanever-acceleratingrate.Thustheauthorofthispaperstudiedtheoriginandevolutionofgalaxiesagain,andrevealedthestructureofgalaxyandprovedHubble’slaw,thenrevealedthetruthabouttheexpansionoftheuniverseaswellasdarkmatteranddarkenergy.

简介：暗面是指我们自己内在的消极因素。学会承认并去喜欢自己的暗面，就会减少它对我们生活的影响，努力从暗面中发掘出积极的能量，促进蓬勃向上的生活!

简介：模型和贝叶斯的信息标准(BIC)建模的Akaike信息标准(AIC)的选择静电干扰被用于Lambda冷的黑暗物质(LambdaCDM)宇宙论的模型，黑暗精力的状态的黑暗精力，w=常数，和theparametrized方程的状态的经常的方程，w(z)=w(0)+w(1)z/(1+z)，决定哪个是更好宇宙论的模型由包括Sne联合最近的宇宙的观察数据描述宇宙的进化是，baryonich的尺寸从SDSS的声学的摆动(BAO)山峰，树年WMAPCMB移动参数。结果证明AIC，BIC和当前的数据集不是足够强大的从其它区别一个模型，尽管机会建议他们之间的差别。

简介：Therewasarichman.Hehadonlyason.Helovedhissonverymuch.Whenthesongrewup,hemadefriendswithsome1kids.Hedevelopedmanybadhabits.Hebegantosmokeanddidn’tgotoschool.Hehungoutwithhis“friends”onthestreetallday.Themanwasvery2aboutthebadhabitsofhisson.Hetriedhisbestto3hisbadhabitsbuthecouldnotsucceed.Onedayhethoughtofa4toteachhissonalesson.Hewenttothestoreandboughtsome5applesandarotten(腐烂的)one.Hecamebacktohishomeand6hisson.Heaskedhissontoputalltheapplesalongwiththerottenoneinabox.Theson7so.Aftersomedaysthefatheraskedhissontobringtheapples.Ashe8thebox,hewassurprisedtoseeallappleshadbecomerotten.Hefelt9.Hefathertoldhimhowonerottenapplehadinfluencedallthe10.Inthesamewayonebadfriendcouldinfluencedallothers.Thesonlistenedtohisfather’sadvice.Hegaveupbadhabitsandbecamegoodagain.

简介：Inthescenariowherethedarkmatter(DM)particlesχχˉpairannihilatethrougharesonanceparticleR,theconstraintfromDMrelicdensitymakesthecorrespondingcrosssectionforDM-nucleielasticscatteringextremelysmall,andcanbebelowtheneutrinobackgroundinducedbythecoherentneutrino-nucleiscattering,whichmakestheDMparticlebeyondthereachoftheconventionalDMdirectdetectionexperiments.WepresentanimprovedanalyticalcalculationoftheDMrelicdensityinthecaseofresonantDMannihilationfors-andp-wavecasesandinvesitgatetheconditionfortheDM-nucleiscatteringcrosssectiontobeabovetheneutrinobackground.WeshowthatinHiggs-portaltypemodels,forDMparticleswiths-waveannihilation,thespin-independentDM-nucleusscatteringcrosssectionisproportionaltoΓR/mR,theratioofthedecaywidthandthemassofR.ForatypicalDMparticlemass～50GeV,theconditionleadstoΓR/mR≥O(10-4).Inp-waveannihilationcase,thespin-independentscatteringcrosssectionisinsensitivetoΓR/mR,andisalwaysabovetheneutrinobackground,aslongastheDMparticleislighterthanthetopquark.TherealsingletDMmodelisdiscussedasaconcreteexample.

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简介：这篇文章介绍黑暗的事的搜索的地位的广泛的评论。开始的八节在黑暗中被奉献给话题物质和它的试验性的搜索，和剩余的到在天体物理学和宇宙论选择了话题，它被打算在粒子物理为学生供应一些需要的背景。节9和13是介绍的宇宙论。三个天体物理学的话题，大巨响nucleosynthesis节10，Boltzmann搬运方程并且都从巨大的粒子节11，和CMBanisotropy节12罐头结冰当合理近似被做时，在分析途径被学习。他们的原来的经分解形式，这篇文章很仔细列在后面到，被粒子物理学家给。黑暗物质是要求及时更改保持当前的一个演变题目。当它出现在出版时，因此如此的一个主题的评论将无疑有一些东西想要。这评论能为想追求黑暗物质的题目的那些研究生形成一个谦卑基础，这被希望。读者能使用广泛的目录看见材料在文章盖住的insomedetails。

简介：Narsreddinhadashedbehindhishouse.Ithadnolightsinit.Onenighthewentouttotheshedtogethisladder(梯子),andlosthisringthere.Helefttheladder,wentoutintothestreetandbegantolookaround.

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简介：OnthebasisofPlanckquantumhypothesisandEinsteinphotonquantumhypothesis,Zhongjizi(anewelementaryparticle)hypothesiswasproposedtorevealtheessenceofphoton,theoriginofmass,thequantumpropertyofgravitation,andthenatureofdarkmatter.TheresultsshowthatphotonisessentiallyasetofZhongjizi,lightiscomposedupofZhongjizi,thenatureoflightisparticleproperty,thepropertyoflightisdeterminedbythepropertyofZhongjizi,andthequantumpropertyoflightisessentiallyZhongjizipropertyoflight.Zhongjiziisthemostbasicparticleintheuniverseandtheoriginofmass,whichgivesmasstootherparticles.Zhongjiziisparticletransmittingthegravitation;gravitationtransmissionspeedisequaltothespeedoflight.ThequantumpropertyofgravitationisthepropertythatgravitationistransmittedbyZhongjizi.Theso-calleddarkmatterisessentiallyZhongjizifulloftheuniverseandtransmittinggravitation,soZhongjiziistheso-calleddarkmatterparticle.

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简介：WeassumegeneralizedghostPilgrimdarkenergy(GGPDE)modelinthepresenceofcolddarkmatterinflatFRWuniverse.WithsuitablechoiceofinteractiontermbetweenGGPDEandcolddarkmatter,weinvestigatethenatureofequationofstateparameterforGGPDE.Also,weinvestigatethenaturesofdynamicalscalarfieldmodels(suchasquintessence,tachyon,k-essence,anddilatondarkenergy)andconcernedpotentialsthroughthecorrespondencephenomenonbetweenGGPDEandthesemodels.

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