简介：AnewtypeofcrystallineantimonicacidSb2O5·3H2Owassynthesized.Thecomposition,crystalstructure,theequilibriumdistributioncoefficientsforsodiumandpotassiumionsandtheion-exchangecapacityofthisexchangerweredetermined.Withthisexchanger,sodiuminoswereremovedfrompotassiumchloride,andthecontentofsodiumchloridewasreducedfrom3.24%to0.02%.Comparedwithotherion-exchangematerials,thecrystallineantimonicacidgivesandunusualselectivityforpotassiumandsodiumions.ThedifferentcompositionsandpropertiesofantimonicacidexchangersareobtainedthroughdifferentpreparingconditionsanditscrystallineformulaofSb2O5·4H2O(C-SbA1)iscurrentlyaccepted.Thispaperreportsanewtypeofcrystallineantimonicacid-Sb2O5·3H2O(C-SbA2),synthesizedbyanimprovedKuzin′smethod.SodiumionsareremovedfrompotassiumchloridewithC-SbA2.TheexchangeefficiencyisbetterthanthatofC-SbA1.

简介：Photovoltaicsarecurrentlyrecognizedasatoprankingtechnologyamongthenewenergies.Photovoltaicshavethepotentialtoeventuallymakeaconsiderablecontributiontothepowergenerationcapacityintheworl,especially,intheindustrializedcoutries.GoodaccomplishmenthasbeenobtainedinthecostreductionofPVsystems,forexamplein1974,systemscost(100-150)$/W.In1981,suchsystemscostlessthan(10-30)$/W,andnowtheycostlessthan5$/W.However,moreR&Deffortsarestillnecessary,toachievelarge-scalecost-effectiveprouctionofPVsystemstomakeitcompetitivewithdieselgenerationofelectricity,althoughPVsystemshaveproventobecompetitiveinruralandremoteareas.Inthispaper,anoverviewonhighefficiencysolarcelltechnologicswilllbepresented.

简介：Dopedmicro-crystallinesiliconfilmsaredepositedattemperaturesaslowas400℃bythecatalyticchemicalvapordepositionmethodusingasilaneandhydrogengasmixture.ElectricalpropertiessuchasthecarrierconcentrationandtheHallmobilityareinvestigatedforvariousmeasuringtemperatures.Itisfoundthatthegrainsofmicro-crystallinesiliconarepreferentiallyorientedalongthe(220)direction,andthattheHallmobilityislargerthan8cm^2·V^-1·s^-1,thecarrierconcentrationisabout1×10^17cm^-1-1×10^19cm^-3atroomtemperature.

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简介：Anovelsidechainliquidcrystallinepolymer（SCLCP）combiningthepolysiloxaneasmainchainwithazo-basedmesogenmoietiesassidechainthroughaflexiblespacerhasbeensynthesizedbythehydrosilylationreactionusingCp2PtCl2ascatalyst.Thephasetransitionbehaviorofbothsidechainmonomer(AZO-C6C11)andpolymer(P-AZO-C6C11)hasbeencharacterizedviacombinationofhot-stagepolarizedmicroscope,DSCandX-raydiffractionmethods（includingtemperature-variationandquenchingtechniques）.Asnormal,thetransitionprocessincludedK→S→N→I.Somepretransitionfeatureshavebeenobserved.

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简介：Anewtypeofβ-diketonebasedsidechainliquidcrystallinepolysiloxanes(DKLCP)withdifferentlengthofflexiblespacersandendgroupshavebeensynthesizedbyhydrosilationreaction.Thisisliquidcrystalpolymers(LCP)usingcoordinatingβ-diketoneligandasmesogens.ThephasebehaviourofDKLCPpolymerswasstudiedbydifferentialscanningcalorimetryandpolarizingmicroscopy.X-raydiffractioninvestigationsdemonstratedthatthepolysiloxaneswithsufficientlylongflexiblespacersweresmecticliquidcrystalpolymers,whilethosewithmuchshorterspacerswerenematicones.

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简介：共存的作文，比例，和平衡温度在水晶的岩石中二长石对在petrogenesis的岩相学和解释的分类很重要。水晶的岩石通常由4-6矿物质(阶段)组成，取决于他们的独立化学部件和结晶化的平衡温度。一般来说，矿物质阶段的数字能被阶段规则决定。根据集体平衡原则，共存的体积作文二长石如果包含钙，钠，和钾氧化物的共存的mafic矿物质阶段的作文是坚定的，能从岩石的体积化学被评估，例如，由microprobe分析。作文，比例，和温度在平衡罐头二长石同时因此从岩石的体积作文数字地被解决，由合并这篇活动/作文，有团的第三的长石的关系平衡限制。在在这份报纸介绍的数字近似方法之上，长石组上的更好质量的、内部一致的数据能通常被获得，它将被期望在在岩石和创作矿物质的水晶的岩石，以及体积化学的系统的热力学的equilibria的考虑更现实主义、精确。

简介：Assumingthatthelithiationreactionoccursrandomlyinindividualsmallparticlesinthevicinityofthereactionfront,asimplemodelofdiffusioninduceddislocationswasdeveloped.Thediffusion-induceddislocationsarecontrolledbythemisfitstraincreatedbythediffusionofsoluteatomsorthephasetransformationinthevicinityofthereactionfront.Thedislocationdensityisproportionaltothetotalsurfaceareaofthe"lithiatedparticle"andinverselyproportionaltotheparticlevolume.Thediffusion-induceddislocationsrelievethediffusion-inducedstresses.

简介：Mesoporoustitania(meso-TiO2)由于它的万用的潜在的应用收到了广泛的注意。这份报纸用peroxo为meso-TiO2的制造报导一条低温度的templating途径巨人的酸(PTA)大音阶的第五音作为先锋和PluronicP123作为nonionic模板。TGA，XRD，N2吸着，FE-SEM和HRTEM被用来描绘获得的样品。结果与高表面区域显示出那meso-TiO2直到163m2汣獥??坍乃吗？？

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简介：Thesynthesisandphasebehaviorofaseriesof4’-alkyloxy-4-hydroxybiphenylswerediscribed.Theeffectsofreactionconditionsontheyieldsofproductswereinvestigated.Thecharacterizationsofthermotropicliquidcrystallineproductsforthetypeandthermalpropertiesarediscussedthroughtheuseofdifferentialscanningcalorimetry,polarizingmicroscopy.

简介：液体包含偶氮苯色基的水晶的gelator第一次被综合；在nematic形成自我装配的网络被用来液晶与不同特征导致液晶胶化。

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简介：以便改进导致双胞胎的粘性钢的机械性质，谷物形态学被技术与处理线路的变丑和热处理相结合的不同团结定制。三典型谷物形态学，即，equiaxed，象equiaxed/columnar谷物一样圆柱被形成，并且他们的机械行为比较地被学习。在三材料之中，equiaxed谷物材料展出了最高的力量但是最低粘性。取决于谷物尺寸，越小谷物尺寸，越higher力量，但是更低延伸。圆柱的谷物材料拥有了最优秀的粘性但是最弱的力量。介绍的这些性质一非单调?树突间距上的依赖，和中等间距导致了力量和粘性的最佳联合。equiaxed/columnar谷物共存了材料显示出有趣的性质，即，力量和粘性只在单个塑造谷物的材料的那些之间。特别地在一致变丑的也介绍的不同紧张变硬行为上演的三材料。equiaxed谷物材料显示出变硬的经常的紧张评价，当圆柱的谷物和equiaxed/columnar谷物材料与增加真紧张显示出日益增多地增加的率时。

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简介：ThepreparationofcrystallineC_3N_4filmswasinvestigatedusingpulsedarcdischargefrommixedmethanolandammoniawateratatmosphericpressure.TheX-raydiffraction(XRD)patternsofthefilmspreparedatasubstratetemperatureof450℃suggestedthatthefilmwascomposedofα-C_3N_4andβ-C_3N_4crystallites.RamanspectraexhibiteddistinctpeakswhichareingoodagreementwiththosepredictedtheoreticallyforC_3N_4crystallites.

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简介：Thetransitionsandmorphologyofaseriesofmain-chainliquidcrystallinepolymerwithX-shapedmesogenswerestudiedbymeansofDSC,SALSandpolarizingmicroscopytechniques.Aneven-oddeffectwasobservedforsampleswithdifferentsizeofthesubstituentsonthemesogenends.Theisotropizationprocesswassimilartothatofmain-chainpolymerswithrod-likemesogens.Nocrystallizationwasdetectedforspecimenscoolingdownfromtheirisotropicmeltstate.Howevertwoofthesamplesmaycrystallizeincoolingprocessdirectlyfromtheliquidcrystallinestate.