简介：Thehighprevalenceofchildhoodobesity,evidentgloballyinthepastdecade,ispartlyduetolowphysicalactivity(PA).1Obesityandlowcardiovascularfitnessinchildrenmayincreasetheriskofhypertensionandhypercholesterolemiaduringchildhoodandmaycontributetothedevelopmentofchronicdiseasesinadulthood,suchashypertensionanddiabetes.2ParticipatinginregularPAplaysasignificantroleinthepreventionofanddecreaseinchildhoodobesityandchronicdiseases,therebycontributingtothepreventionofchronicdiseaseslaterinadulthood.

简介：Background:Childrenareaffectedbydisordersthathaveanimpactontherespiratorymuscles.Inspiratorymusclefunctioncanbeassessedbymeansofthenoninvasivetension–timeindexoftheinspiratorymuscles(TTImus).OurobjectivesweretoidentifythedeterminantsofTTImusinhealthychildrenandtoreportnormalvaluesofTTImusinthispopulation.Methods:Wemeasuredweight,height,upperarmmusclearea(UAMA),andTTImusin96childrenaged6–18years.Thelevelandfrequencyofaerobicactivitywasassessedbyquestionnaire.Results:TTImuswassignificantlylowerinmalesubjects(0.095±0.038,mean±SD)comparedwithfemalesubjects(0.126±0.056)(p=0.002).TTImuswassignificantlylowerinregularlyexercising(0.093±0.040)comparedwithnonexercisingsubjects(0.130±0.053)(p<0.001).TTImuswassignificantlynegativelyrelatedtoage(r=-0.239,p=0.019),weight(r=-0.214,p=0.037),height(r=-0.355,p<0.001),andUAMA(r=-0.222,p=0.030).MultivariatelogisticregressionanalysisrevealedthatheightandaerobicexerciseweresignificantlyrelatedtoTTImusindependentlyofage,weight,andUAMA.ThepredictiveregressionequationforTTImusinmalesubjectswasTTImus=0.228-0.001×height(cm),andinfemalesubjectsitwasTTImus=0.320-0.001×height(cm).Conclusion:Gender,age,anthropometry,skeletalmuscularity,andaerobicexercisearesignificantlyassociatedwithindicesofinspiratorymusclefunctioninchildren.NormalvaluesofTTImusinhealthychildrenarereported.

简介：Objectives:Thisstudyexaminedthequalityoflife(QoL)oftheparentsandsiblingsofhearing-impairedchildrenwithcochlearimplants(CIs).Design:Thisisacross-sectional,questionnaire-basedstudy.Thequestionnaireconsistsofthreesub-domains-interaction,emotionalwell-beingandsupportforthehearing-impairedchildandtheoverallQoL-andtwoopen-endedquestionsforparticipantstoprovidecommentsandsuggestionstoenhancetheirfamily'sQoL.Atotalof63questionnairesweree-mailedormailedtofamilieswhomettheinclusioncriteria.Setting:ThestudywasconductedundertheCenterforRehabilitation&SpecialNeeds,FacultyofHealthSciences,UniversitiKebangsaanMalaysia,KualaLumpur.Participants:Atotalof79parentsand23siblingsfrom44familiesofchildrenwithCIparticipatedinthisstudy.Mainoutcomemeasures:Themeanscoreforeachofthesub-domainandtheoverallQoLforbothsubjectgroupswerecomputed.Theanswersfortheopen-endedquestionswerelistedandorganizedintothemes.Results:ThereweresignificantcorrelationsbetweentheoverallQoLscoreandeachofthetestdomainsfortheparents'group(p<0.01).Forthesiblings'group,onlytheinteractionandsupportdomainsweresignificant.Interactionwasthemainsub-domainaffectingtheparents'QoLbutforsiblings,thiscouldnotbedetermined.Atotalof60%ofthepooledcommentswereclassifiedas‘concerns’.Asforthesuggestions,38.7%requestedsomeformofsupport,mainlyfinancial(41.7%).Conclusions:FamilieswithhearingimpairedchildrenwithCIhavenumerousconcernsthatneedtobeaddressed,eventhough,onaverage,theyweresatisfiedwiththeiroverallQoL.

简介：Purpose:Toidentifythesocial-ecologicalcorrelatesassociatedwithfundamentalmovementskillsatthechild,family,andenvironmentlevelsinyoungchildren.Methods:Preschoolchildrenfrom4ColoradoHeadStart/preschoolcenterswererecruitedfrom2010to2012.Twohundredtwenty-eightchildren(128girls;age=56.08±4.09months;bodymassindex(BMI)z-score=0.53±1.12(mean±SD);42.1%Hispanic/Latino)and159familieswereincludedinthefinalanalysis.Children’sperceivedcompetenceandfundamentalmovementskillswereassessedviathePictorialScaleofPerceivedCompetenceandSocialAcceptanceandtheBruininks-OseretskyTestofMotorProficiency,2ndedition.Dataonthenumberofchildreninthefamily,parentage,BMI,education,employmentstatus,familyincome,perceptionofchildcoordination,andhomephysicalactivityenvironmentwerecollectedviaaquestionnaire.LinearregressionsadjustedforchildBMI,age,sex,andschoolsitewereperformedateachlevel.Results:Childperceivedcognitivecompetencewaspositivelyassociatedwithlocomotorskills(p=0.04;adjustedR2=0.035)andobject-controlskills(p=0.003;adjustedR^2=0.083)atthechildlevel.Parenteducation,BMI,andperceptionofchildcoordinationwerepositivelyassociatedwithlocomotorskillsandexplained8.8%ofvariance,butonlyparenteducationwassignificant(p=0.04)atthefamilylevel.Inaddition,physicalenvironmentwaspositivelyassociatedwithlocomotorskills(p=0.02)andexplained5.5%ofvarianceattheenvironmentlevel.Conclusion:Social-ecologicalcorrelatesassociatedwithyoungchildren’sfundamentalmovementskillsaremultidimensionalanddifferaccordingtoskillcategoryatthechild,family,andenvironmentlevels.

简介：Technologicaladvanceshaveincreasedtheprevalenceofsedentarybehaviors,asphysicalinactivityhasbecomeoneoftheleadingriskfactorsofdeathworldwide;asituationthatburdensthehealthcaresystemwithpreventablehealthdisorders.1Increasedincidenceofdiseasedecreasethequalityoflife,evenamongchildren,becausediseasesthatformerlyonsetduringadulthoodarenowimpactingpeopleearlyintheirlives,aswellasattheendoftheirlives,"bycumulativedamageovertimeorbythebiologicalembeddingofadversitiesduringsensitivedevelopmentalperiods"(p.1).2

简介：1.IntroductionForanyonepayingattention,thisisadisruptivetimeinscienceingeneralandinhealthpromotionscienceinparticular.Obesityisthemostprevalentnutrition-relatedhealthproblemaroundtheglobe.Theissueofwhether,asiscommonlythought,obesityiscausativeofearlymortalityorwhetheritisonlyamarkerofriskhasbeenraised.Thelackofsubstantialandmaintainedchangeinchildobesitypreventionhasbeenrecognized,andnumerouslimitationsinourconceptualandmethodologicalapproachtoobesitypreventionhavebeenidentified.

简介：Background:Acentralaimofphysicaleducationisthepromotionofbasicmotorcompetencies(inGerman:MotorischeBasiskompetenzen;MOBAK),whichareprerequisitesforchildren’sactiveparticipationinsportsculture.ThisarticleintroducestheMOBAK-1testinstrumentfor6-to8-year-oldchildrenanddeterminestheconstructvalidityofthistestinstrument.Inaddition,therelationshipbetweenMOBAKandmotorability(i.e.,strength)aswellasbodymassindex(BMI),sex,andageisinvestigated.Methods:Weanalyzeddataof923firstandsecondgraders(422girls,501boys,age=6.80±0.44years).Thechildren’sbasicmotorcompetencieswereassessedbytheMOBAK-1testinstrument.Besidesanalysesoffrequency,correlation,andvariance,3confirmatoryfactoranalyseswithcovariateswereperformed.Results:Wefound2MOBAKfactorsconsistingof4itemseach.Thefirstfactor,locomotion,includedtheitemsbalancing,rolling,jumping,andsidestepping;thesecondfactor,objectcontrol,includedtheitemsthrowing,catching,bouncing,anddribbling.Themotorabilitystrengthhadasignificantinfluenceonthefactorslocomotion(b=0.60)andobjectcontrol(b=0.50).Olderpupilsachievedbetterresultsthanyoungerpupilsonobjectcontrol(b=0.29).Boysperformedbetteronobjectcontrol(b=-0.44),whereasgirlsachievedbetterresultsinlocomotion(b=0.07).PupilswithahighBMIachievedlowerperformanceonlyonthefactorlocomotion(b=-0.28).Conclusion:TheMOBAK-1testinstrumentdevelopedforthisstudymeetspsychometricvaliditydemandsandissuitabletoevaluateeffectsofsportsandphysicaleducation.

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简介：Background:Fewschoolsettingsofferopportunitiesforpreschoolchildrentoengageinstructuredphysicalactivity,andonlyafewstudieshavebeenconductedexaminingexergaming’seffectivenessonhealthoutcomesinthisagegroup.Thisstudy’spurpose,therefore,wastoexamineaschool-basedexergamingintervention’seffectonpreschoolchildren’sperceivedcompetence(PC),motorskillcompetence(MSC),andphysicalactivityversususualcare(recess),aswellastoexaminegenderdifferencesfortheseoutcomes.Methods:Atotalof65preschoolchildrenfrom2underservedurbanschoolswereassignedto1of2conditions,withtheschoolastheexperimentalunit:(1)usualcarerecessgroup(8weeksof100minofrecess/week(5days×20min))and(2)exergaminginterventiongroup(8weeksof100minofexergaming/week(5days×20min)atschool).AllchildrenunderwentidenticalassessmentsofPC,MSC,andmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivity(MVPA)atbaselineandattheendofthe8thweek.Results:AsignificantGroup×TimeeffectwasobservedforMVPA,F(1,52)=4.37,p=0.04,ηp^2=0.04,butnotforPC,F(1,52)=0.83,p=0.37,ηp^2=0.02,orMSC,F(1,52)=0.02,p=0.88,ηp^2=0.00.Specifically,theinterventionchildrendisplayedsignificantlygreaterincreasedMVPAafter8weeksthanthecomparisonchildren.Additionally,therewasasignificanttimeeffectforMSC,F(1,52)=15.61,p<0.01,ηp^=0.23,andgendereffectforMVPA,F(1,52)=5.06,p=0.02,ηp^2=0.09.Althoughallpreschoolers’MSCimprovedacrosstime,boysdemonstratedgreaterMVPAthangirlsatbothtimepoints.Conclusion:Exergamingshowedapositiveeffectinpromotingpreschoolchildren’sMVPAatschoolandhasthepotentialtoenhancePCandMSC.Moreresearchwithlargersamplesizesandlongerstudydurationsarewarranted.

简介：TaijiquanisamartialartofthehighestorderisculturallyetchedintheChineseheritageandentrenchedinwushupulpfictionandkungfumovies.Thereinliestheenigma.Thegentleslow-motionpracticecannotbemoreremotefromthespeedandpowerofcombat.AndaddingtothemystiqueisthepropositionthatTaijiquan'skungfuprowessisnotdrawnfromthephysicalstrengthofthemusculaturebutfromsome"innerstrength"orNeijin.ThissacredbeliefwasdesecratedwhenafighterthrashedaselfproclaimedTaijiquangrandmasterignominiouslyin10secondsinanopenmatch.Taijiquanwasthenderidedasaboguscombatart.TheincidentshakesthefoundationofTaijiquanandputsintoquestionsmanyofitstoutedclaims,whichchallengesthescientificquestoftheart.ThepaperconfrontstheissuedirectlybystudyingthemanifestationofNeijinintheframeworkofsciencetoprovideascientificbasisfortheart.Ittranscribestheyin-yangmetaphysicsthatregulatesTaijiquantrainingintermsofthealignmentofmuscleactionstobalanceandtounifymomentum,whichdevelopsthecorestrengthofNeijinandtheunderlyinglife-forceQienergy.Fromthisflowsthekungfumarvels,whichlieinthelivelinessandagilityofNeijin'sresponseandintheforceensuingthatisoftherightvectorvalues,allessentialinthefluidityofcombatapplication.ThemartialaspectofTaijiquanprovidesaconcreterepresentationofNeijin,whichgivesanexperientialinsightintothemultifacetedconceptofQi,andinturnapathwaytotheexplorationofQiinphysiologyandthusinQienergymedicine.

简介：春节过了,咱们就正式进入了“猪年”,猪是十二生肖里的最后一位,这年翻过去就又是一个新的轮回。在猪年开始没多久,咱们就在“档案馆”里做了一个稿子,讲的是人类对猪的驯化。虽然猪老是跟不好的词儿连在一起,比如“猪头猪脑”——可是猪头猪脑真的很好吃啊——不过,猪其实真算得上是人类的好朋友了,因为它在很大范围内给人类提供了食用的肉,还有可供加工的皮革,甚至是它们的猪鬃毛,都曾经是重要的军需用品呢。第二次世界大战时,枪炮、军舰、飞机等的清洁和喷漆,一样也离不开猪鬃,中国还是最大的猪鬃出口国。从猪的驯化历史,我们可以看出人类是怎么样将自然资源变为自己可用,而在不同文化背景下的人类,又是如何看待自然。

简介：Background:Neighborhoodbuiltenvironmentmayprofoundlyinfluencechildren’sphysicalactivity(PA)andbodyweight.ThisstudysystematicallyreviewedscientificevidenceregardingtheimpactofbuiltenvironmentonPAandobesityamongchildrenandadolescentsinChina.Methods:AkeywordandreferencesearchwasconductedinActiveLivingResearch,CochraneLibrary,PubMed,andWebofScience.Studiesthatmetallofthefollowingcriteriawereincludedinthereview:(1)studydesigns-experimentalstudies,observationalstudies,andqualitativestudies;(2)studysubjects-Chinesechildrenand/oradolescentsaged≤17years;(3)exposures-neighborhoodbuiltenvironment;(4)outcomes-PAand/orbodyweightstatus;(5)articletype-peer-reviewedpublications;(6)timewindowofsearch-fromtheinceptionofanelectronicbibliographicdatabasetoMay31,2018;(7)country-China;and(8)language-articleswritteninEnglish.Results:Atotalof20studies,including16cross-sectionalstudies,3longitudinalstudies,and1descriptivestudy,metthepredeterminedselectioncriteriaandwereincludedinthereview.Atotalof13studiesadoptedsubjectivebuiltenvironmentmeasuresreportedbyparentsand/orchildren,2adoptedobjectivemeasures(e.g.,geographicalinformationsystem,fieldobservations),and5adoptedbothobjectiveandsubjectivemeasures.PAbehaviorsincludedPA,physicalinactivity,sedentarybehavior,active/passivecommutingfrom/toschool,andparkvisits.Amongthe16studiesthatprovidedsomequantitativeestimatesoftheinfluenceofbuiltenvironmentonPAandbodyweightstatus,allreportedastatisticallysignificantrelationshipintheexpecteddirection.Availabilityandaccessibilityinproximitytogreenspaces,parks,recreationalfacilities,andsidewalkswerefoundtobeassociatedwithincreasedPAlevels,reducedsedentarybehaviors,and/oractivecommutingamongChinesechildrenandadolescents.Incontrast,theabsenceofbikelanesandlivinginhigherdensityresidentialareaswer

简介：在看步骤的时候,和秋天姐姐一起做个小练习吧。请在括号里填入相应的中文单词。

简介：企业MIS开发已大量应用WebServer新技术,基于B/S的Intranet技术,企业MIS采用B/S模式并不是要求把应用都转到WEBServer上来

简介：Background:Motorcompetenceandhealth-relatedfitnessareimportantcomponentsforthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofahealthylifestyleinchildren.Thisstudyexaminedcross-culturalperformancesonmotorcompetenceandhealth-relatedfitnessbetweenPortugueseandU.S.children.Methods:Portuguese(n=508;10.14±2.13years,mean±SD)andU.S.(n=710;9.48±1.62years)childrenperformedtestsofcardiorespiratoryfitness(ProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun),upperbodystrength(handgrip),locomotorskillperformance(standinglongjump),andobjectprojectionskillperformance(throwingandkicking).PortugueseandU.S.childrenweredividedinto2agegroups(6à9and10à13years)fordataanalysispurposes.Atwoàfactoroneàwayanalysisofcovariance(ANOVA)wasconductedwiththeProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun,handgrip,standinglongjumpscores,kicking,andthrowingspeed(km/h)asdependentvariables.Results:ResultsindicatedthatPortuguesechildren,irrespectiveofsex,presentedbetterperformancesinlocomotorandcardiorespiratoryperformance(standinglongjumpandProgressiveAerobicCardiovascularEnduranceRun)thanU.S.childreninbothagebands.U.S.childrenoutperformedPortuguesechildrenduringthrowingandhandgriptests.Kickingtestspresentedgenderdifferences:PortugueseboysandU.S.girlsoutperformedtheirinternationallymatchedcounterparts.Conclusion:Culturaldifferencesinphysicaleducationcurriculaandsportsparticipationmayimpactdifferencesinmotorcompetenceandfitnessdevelopmentinthesecountries.

简介：GyamaChoepelisaTibetanmanbornintheMedrogungkarCountyofLhasa.HegrewuppredominantlyinNyingchi.ThemandrivesforalivingandhasarichunderstandingofthelocalTibetancultureanditscustoms.Whentalkingwithcustomers,especiallyphotographers.

简介：AIM:Todeterminethedistributionsofcentralcornealthickness(CCT)andintraocularpressure(IOP)inemmetropiceyesofhealthychildrenofPalestine.METHODS:Thisrepresentativecrosssectionalstudyincludedatotalof1156eyesfrom578healthyschoolchildrenaged7-15y.Inclusioncriteriaincludedemmetropia,noprevioushistoryofocularorsystemicdiseases,noprevioushistoryofcontactlensuse,andtheavailabilityofbotheyes.CCTandIOPweremeasuredusingultrasoundpachymeterandGoldmannapplanationtonometer,respectively.Therelationshipoftheresultswithageandgenderwasinvestigated.RESULTS:Themeanageofschoolchildrenwas11.13±2.8y.MeanCCTwas542.2±37.4and544.3±39.2μmforrightandlefteyes,respectively.MeanIOPwas12.5±2.2and12.3±2.2mmHgforrightandlefteyes,respectively.ApositivecorrelationwasobservedbetweenCCTandIOPoftherighteye(P<0.001,R=0.358)andCCTandIOPofthelefteye(P<0.001,R=0.324).NosignificantdifferenceswereobservedinCCTandIOPduetoageorgender(P>0.05).ThereweresignificantdifferencesinmeanCCTandIOPbetweenrightandlefteyes(P=0.004,P=0.001,respectively).CONCLUSION:ApopulationprofileofCCTandIOPisestablishedinPalestinianchildrenforthefirsttime.MeanCCTiscomparabletosomestudiesbutdifferfromothers.MeanIOPisconsiderablylowerthanthatofmajoritychildrenofotherethnicgroups.Intereyedifferenceofmorethan36μminCCT,and5mmHginIOPshouldpromptevaluationforpotentialoculardisorders.

简介：1997)andhasbecomeoneofthetwoflagshipsofjournalismprograms(TheotheristhejournalismprogramofthePeople’sUniversity)acrossChina.TheFudanJournalismCollegenotonlyhasitstraditionalsequenceinJournalism,thewriterhasconductedasurveyamongthejournalismstudentsaswellassomefacultymembersamongthefivejournalismprogramsinShanghaiinSeptember1999.,aconsistentprocessoflocalizationinitscurriculumandteachingmethodsaswellasitstargets.Thepaperwillfirstdiscusstheprocessoflocalizationinthe50yearsdevelopmentofjournalismeducationinChinaintermsofeducationalpurposesandchangesofcurriculum.BasedontheasurveyofthefivejournalismprogramsinShanghai

简介：APeruviannative,Dr.VelardeearnedhermedicaldegreefromtheNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineinNewYorkandwentontocompleteherresidencytraininginInternalMedicineatColumbiaPresbyterianMedicalCenterandCardiovascularDiseasefellowshiptrainingatMountSinaiHospitalinNewYorkandBostonUniversity.Dr.GladysP.VelardeisAssociateProfessorofMedicine/CardiologyatTheUniversityofFlorida,JacksonvillewhereshedirectstheWomen’sCardiovascularHealthProgramandisDirectoroftheCardiovascularDiseaseFellowshiptrainingprogram.

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