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  • 简介:网膜的退化疾病可以导致外部视网膜并且接着的退化,盲目。但由于内部视网膜的维护,编码并且处理视觉神经原回答仍然能自然地被执行。因此,一台有效网膜的修复术设备可以被mimicking开发外部视网膜的功能:把视觉光变成人工的刺激并且把刺激送到试图唤起神经回答的视网膜。作为为当前的网膜的修复术的二个主要发展中方向,epiretinal(嗯)并且subretinal(SR)修复术两个都正在经历试验性的舞台并且拥有优点和限制。在电源供应的进一步的调查,biocompatibility,仍然要求的etc.are。另外,尽管他们不是足够成熟的也商业地被使用,suprachoroidaltransretinal刺激(圣)和在网膜的修复术的一些另外的选择也被看作有希望的导致neurotransmitter的刺激研究方向。

  • 标签: 视网膜 假体 视觉神经元 设计 盲人 反应加工
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  • 简介:China:WomenBenefitfromtheFamilyPlanningProgrammeItisestimatedthattherehavebeen300millionfewerbirthsinChinaoverthepasttwodecad...

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  • 简介:Thispaperpresentsresultsoftheassessmentonbenefitsharingandpaymentmechanismstestedbysixnon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)-pilotedReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradation(REDD+)initiativesinTanzania.ResultsfromtheassessmentindicatethatmodelsappliedbymostoftheREDD+pilotprojectshaveprovidedmostofdecisionsforthedistributionofbenefitstothecommunitiesthroughvillagegeneralassemblies.Basedonrequirementsofthetestedmodels,nationalbenefit-sharingmechanismmodelsareproposed.Majorattributestobeconsideredinthedevelopmentofnationalbenefit-sharingmodelsshouldinclude:(i)ensuringthattheexistinggovernmentstructureisnotexcludedtoensuresustainability;(ii)villagegeneralassemblyisinvolvedindeterminingthedistributionofthebenefitsaccrued;and(iii)transparencyinhandlingthecarbonfinanceisensured.ModelsthatareproposedforthenationalREDD+benefitsharingapplytotwoforestmanagementsystems,namelyJointForestManagement(JFM)andCommunityBasedForestManagement(CBFM).ThepaperrecommendstestingofthetwoproposedmodelstodeterminewhethertheycouldbeusefulinsharingbenefitsresultingfromREDD+inTanzania.

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  • 简介:AccordingtothecultivatingpracticeofLarixolgensispulpplantation,IRR(Internalrevenuerate)andNPV(Netpresentvalue)weretakenastwoeconomicindicestostudytheeffectofcultivationmeasurementsoneconomicbenefitofLarixolgensispulpforest.Theresultsshowedthattheeconomicbenefitofthistypeofforestiscloselyrelatedtorotationandsiteclass.Highereconomicbenefitcouldbeobtainedwhentherotationisshorterandsiteclassishigher.Theplantingdensityalsohadanobviousinfluenceoneconomicbenefit.Onthebaseofassuringsurvivalrateandconservingrate,thelessthefeeusedinsoilpreparationandyounggrowthtendingis,thehighertheeconomicbenefitis.Theinfluenceofdeterminedsixcultivationmeas-uresoneconomicbenefitinsequencewastherotation-siteclass-density-managementfeelevel-younggrowthtendingin-tensity-soilpreparationmethods.

  • 标签: 耕作措施 经济利益 Larix olgensis 肉森林