简介：AIM:Toidentifywhethertheforcepsestimationismoreusefulthanvisualestimationinthemeasurementofcolonpolypsize.METHODS:Werecordedcolonoscopyvideoclipsthatincludedscenesvisualizingthepolypandscenesusingopenbiopsyforcepsinassociationwiththepolyp,whichwereusedforanexam.Atotalof40endoscopistsfromtheBusanUlsanGyeongnamIntestinalStudyGroupSociety(BIGS)participatedinthisstudy.Participantswatched40pairsofvideoclipsofthescenesforvisualestimationandforcepsestimation,andwrotedowntheestimatedpolypsizeontheexampaper.Whenanalyzingtheresultsoftheexam,weassessedinterobserverdifferences,diagnosticaccuracy,anderrorrangeinthemeasurementofthepolypsize.RESULTS:Theoverallintra-classcorrelationcoefficients(ICC)ofinter-observeragreementforforcepsestimationandvisualestimationwere0.804(95%CI:0.731-0.873,P<0.001)and0.743(95%CI:0.656-0.828,P<0.001),respectively.TheICCsofeachgroupforforcepsestimationwerehigherthanthoseforvisualestimation(Beginnergroup,0.761vs0.693;Expertgroup,0.887vs0.840,respectively).Theoveralldiagnosticaccuracyforvisualestimationwas0.639andforforcepsestimationwas0.754(P<0.001).Inthebeginnergroupandtheexpertgroup,thediagnosticaccuracyfortheforcepsestimationwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofthevisualestimation(Beginnergroup,0.734vs0.613,P<0.001;Expertgroup,0.784vs0.680,P<0.001,respectively).Theoverallerrorrangeforvisualestimationandforcepsestimationwere1.48±1.18and1.20±1.10,respectively(P<0.001).Theerrorrangesofeachgroupforforcepsestimationweresignificantlysmallerthanthoseforvisualestimation(Beginnergroup,1.38±1.08vs1.68±1.30,P<0.001;Expertgroup,1.12±1.11vs1.42±1.11,P<0.001,respectively).CONCLUSION:Applicationoftheopenbiopsyforcepsmethodwhenmeasuringcolonpolypsizecouldhelpreduceinter-observerdifferencesanderrorrates.

简介：Objective:Thepresentstudyaimedtoevaluatethepossibilityofusingcoherentanti-StokesRamanspectroscopy（CARS）microscopytodeterminethespecificmolecularmorphologyofcholesteatomabydetectingthenaturalvibrationalcontrastofthechemicalbondswithoutanystaining.Materialsandmethods:SpecimensfromthemastoidandtympanicmembranewithandwithoutcholesteatomawereanalyzedusingCARSmicroscopy,two-photonexcitedfluorescence（TPEF）microscopy,andthesecondharmonicgeneration（SHG）microscopy.Results:Incholesteatomatissuesfromthemastoid,astrongresonantsignalat2845cm-1wasobservedbyCARS,whichindicatedthedetectionoftheCH2hydro-carbonlipidbondsthatdonotgeneratevisiblesignalsat2940cm-1suggestiveofCH3bondsinaminoacids.Astrongresonantsignalat2940cm-1appearedinanareaofthesamespecimen,whichalsogeneratedabundantsignalsbyTPEFandSHGmicroscopyat817nm,whichwassuggestiveofcollagen.Inthetympanicmembranespecimenwithcholesteatoma,astrongresonantsignalwithcorrugatedmorphologywasdetected,whichindicatedthepresenceoflipids.AstrongsignalwasdetectedinthetympanicmembranewithchronicotitismediausingTPEF/SHGat817nm,whichindicatedcollagenenrichment.TheCARSandTPEF/SHGimageswereinaccordancewiththehistologyresults.Conclusion:TheseresultssuggesttheneedtodevelopanovelCARSmicroendoscopethatcanbeusedincombinationwithTPEF/SHGtodistinguishcholesteatomafrominflammatorytissues.

简介：即时监视和3D可视化分析系统为水坝基础窗帘grouting被建议。基于即时控制技术，优化方法和集合理论，系统的一个数学模型被建立。grouting数据的即时收集和传播技术为系统提供一个数据基础。监视的即时grouting和动态惊动方法帮助系统在grouting期间控制grouting质量这样，处理grouting的畸形，例如jacking并且水力高举，能有效地被控制。另外，3Dgrouting可视化分析技术被建议建立grouting信息模型(GIM)。GIM提供一个平台设想并且分析grouting过程和结果。系统作为案例研究被用于中国的一个水力的工程，并且应用程序结果显示监视的即时grouting和为grouting进程的3D可视化分析能帮助工程师更高效地控制grouting质量。