简介：pluri有势力干细胞的能力为治疗长期、退化的疾病在新奇房间代替治疗学的开发保持大诺言修理干细胞在住的纸巾。然而，众多的报告证明甚至在一个自体同源的背景，那干细胞治疗触发淋巴细胞渗入和发炎。因此，要回答的一个重要问题是主人免疫系统怎么对嫁接自体同源的干细胞或allogeneous干细胞作出回应。在这简短评论，我们在这块地里在几个相关区域总结进步，包括一些我们的数据，在四节：(1)干细胞的immunogenicity；(2)禁止有免疫力的拒绝到allograft干细胞的策略；(3)对癌症干细胞的有免疫力的回答；并且(4)在有免疫力的规定的间充质的干细胞。我们这些和有免疫力的系统茎细胞相互影响的另外的方面上的理解的改进将极大地便于茎的发展为再生目的基于房间的治疗学。

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简介：AbstractAs human life expectancy continues to increase and the birth rate continues to decline, the phenomenon of aging is becoming more prominent worldwide. Therefore, addressing the problems associated with global aging has become a current research focus. The main manifestations of human aging are structural degeneration and functional decline of aging tissues and organs, quality of life decline, decreased ability to resist diseases, and high incidence rates of a variety of senile degenerative diseases. Thus far, no ideal treatments have been found. Stem cell (SC) therapies have broad application prospects in the field of regenerative medicine due to the inherent biological characteristics of SCs, such as their plasticity, self-renewal, and multidirectional differentiation potential. Thus, SCs could delay or even reverse aging. This manuscript reviews the causes of human aging, the biological characteristics of SCs, and research progress on age reversal.

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简介：在pluripotency的正式就职的核心管理者最近在体的房间reprogramming期间被发现了的Yamanaka因素的角色。我们的以前的学习发现Yamanaka因素在维持胚胎的茎(ES)房间pluripotency调整一个发展发信号网络。这里，我们完全证实reprogrammed导致了pluripotent茎(iPS)细胞并且由薄片薄片试金在这些细胞分析了Yamanaka因素的全球倡导者占有。我们发现565基因的倡导者是由在iPS房间的四个Yamanaka因素的合作界限，10褶层增加什么时候与他们在ES房间的绑定相比。，在ES房间Oct4，Sox2，或Klf4在iPS房间在激活并且镇压的基因同等地散布的一个单个Yamanaka因素占据的倡导者在激活的主要在镇压基因和c-Myc散布了。薄片薄片数据的小径分析表明Yamanaka因素在iPS房间，12在之中是普通的调整了16条发展发信号小径，4与在ES房间调整的小径相比是唯一的。我们进一步在iPS房间分析了另一最近出版的薄片薄片数据集并且观察了类似的结果，显示出为揭示pluripotency维护和新生的性质的薄片薄片正小径分析的力量。下次，我们试验性地测试了压抑的发信号小径之一并且发现它的抑制确实改进了房间reprogramming的效率。一起拿，我们建议有一个核心为pluripotency必要的发展发信号网络与TGF-，刺猬，Wnt，是的p53压抑(殷)管理者和Jak-STAT，房间周期，焦点的粘附，adherens连接作为活跃(杨)；并且Yamanaka因素synergistically在Yin-Yang调整他们导致pluripotency的平衡方法。

简介：与他们在文化经历无限的自强并且在身体区分进所有房间类型的能力，人的胚胎的干细胞(hESCs)为治疗保持大潜力当前不治之症。为针的绳索损害和有斑点的退化的二基于hESC的房间治疗被推进了进人的临床的试用。尽管有这快速的进步，基于hESC的房间治疗的一关键挑战是由接受者的导出hESC的房间的allogeneic免疫者拒绝。这个问题能被病人特定的体的房间的原子reprogramming被最近的突破与定义因素在导致的pluripotent干细胞(iPSCs)的技术减轻它能为房间治疗成为自体同源的房间的可更新的来源。然而，揭示反常epigenetics，genomic稳定性和iPSCs的immunogenicity的最近的研究在基于iPSC的治疗上提起了安全担心。与iPSC衍生物的immunogenicity有关的最近的调查结果将在这评论被总结。

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简介：生来的杀手(NK)房间是天生的免疫系统的部分并且由于他们没有优先的促进感受性，杀死感染的房间或癌症房间的能力是为免疫疗法的一种诱惑选择。在整个过去的20年，不同的组能在vitro复制NK房间开发，并且NK房间个体发生学习提供了基础让协议的建立为免疫疗法在vitro生产NK房间。这里，我们简短讨论NK房间开发和NK房间免疫疗法途径。我们考察为在vitro的房间区别，干细胞采购被使用的、出版协议，质问的NK需要的因素，为好生产的未来方向练习协议。

简介：AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) into endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) under certain induction conditions and to a further step provide a promising approach for ASCs in clinical practice to the treatment of severe intrauterine adhesion.Methods:Four groups of hASCs were separately cultured as follows: in Group 1, hASCs were cultured in a control medium (5% fetal bovine serum [FBS] + α-minimum Eagle’s medium [α-MEM]); in Group 2, hASCs were cultured in an induction medium (5% FBS + α-MEM + [1 × 10-7 mol/L 17β-estradiol] + 10 ng/mL transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1] + 10 ng/mL epidermal growth factor [EGF] + 10 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor BB [PDGF-BB]); in Group 3, hASCs and human endometrium cells (hEMCs) were cocultured in the control medium; and in Group 4, hASCs and hEMCs were cocultured in the induction medium.Results:When cocultured with hEMCs, the morphology of hASCs became similar with EECs, and the addition of factors such as EGF, TGFβ, PDGF-BB, and 17β-estradiol promoted differentiation. This study, for the first time, demonstrated estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ expression in hASCs and preliminarily explored changes in ERα, ERβ, β-catenin, and H19 mRNA expression during hASC differentiation. Furthermore, we concluded that H19 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with differentiation, which is seemingly related to the estrogen signaling pathway.Conclusions:hASCs revealed the potential for differentiating to EECs when cocultured with hEMCs.

简介：在肿瘤开始的癌症干细胞(CSC)的重要性坚定地在白血病被建立了并且最近为许多稳固的肿瘤报导了。然而，特别地关于转移，在多级式的癌症前进的CSC的角色有不定义beenwell。癌症转移要求在远机关播种和specializedCSCs的成功的殖民。正常干细胞和CSC的生物学分享显著类似并且当适用于癌症的学习时，可以有重要含意转移。而且，重叠分子和小径的集合最近被识别了调整干细胞移植和癌症转移。这些分子组成两个都为移植CSC由主要肿瘤和养育的机关微型环境的形成便于转移前壁龛的开始的细胞的相互作用的一个复杂网络。在这评论，我们在这个动态领域里调查了最近的进展并且建议CSC在tumorigenesis和转移在假定一个中央角色的癌症前进的一个统一模型。更好作为变形串联的一个基本部件理解ofCSCs将对变形癌症导致新奇治疗学的策略。

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简介：我们检验了在一个xeno移植动物的细胞建模的人的胚胎的茎(hES)的myogenic潜力。这里，我们证明区分开来与hES房间的先锋能在成年环境经历myogenesis并且在myogenic系产生房间类型的一个范围。这研究提供hES房间能在vivo改革肌肉和卫星房间并且是为对待肌肉的另一种有希望的房间类型的直接证据除了另外的myogenic房间类型的退化混乱。房间研究(2006)16：713-722。做i：10.1038/sj.cr.7310080；出版联机2006年6月20日。

简介：Parthenogeneticembryonicstemcellshavepluripotentdifferentiationpotentials,akintofertilizedembryo-derivedembryonicstemcells.Theaimofthisstudywastocomparetheneuronaldifferentiationpotentialofparthenogeneticandfertilizedembryo-derivedembryonicstemcells.Beforedifferentiation,karyotypeanalysiswasperformed,withnormalkaryotypesdetectedinbothparthenogeneticandfertilizedembryo-derivedembryonicstemcells.SexchromosomeswereidentifiedasXX.Immunocytochemistryandquantitativereal-timePCRdetectedhighexpressionofthepluripotentgene,Oct4,atboththemRNAandproteinlevels,indicatingpluripotentdifferentiationpotentialofthetwoembryonicstemcellsubtypes.Embryonicstemcellswereinducedwithretinoicacidtoformembryoidbodies,andthendispersedintosinglecells.SinglecellsweredifferentiatedinN2differentiationmediumfor9days.Immunocytochemistryshowedparthenogeneticandfertilizedembryo-derivedembryonicstemcellsbothexpresstheneuronalcellmarkersnestin,βIII-tubulinandmyelinbasicprotein.Quantitativereal-timePCRfoundexpressionofneurogenesisrelatedgenes(Sox-1,Nestin,GABA,Pax6,Zic5andPitx1)inbothtypesofembryonicstemcells,andOct4expressionwassignificantlydecreased.NestinandPax6expressioninparthenogeneticembryonicstemcellswassignificantlyhigherthanthatinfertilizedembryo-derivedembryonicstemcells.Thus,ourexperimentalfindingsindicatethatparthenogeneticembryonicstemcellshavestrongerneuronaldifferentiationpotentialthanfertilizedembryo-derivedembryonicstemcells.

简介：Rats(Rattusnorvegicus)havemanyadvantagesovermiceinscientificstudies,forexample,theyaremorerelevanttohumaninphysiologicalandpharmacologicalresponses.Therefore,ratsarebroadlyusedinexperimentalstudies.Therecentbreakthroughinthegenerationofratembryonicstemcells(rESCs)opensthedoortoapplicationofgenetargetingtocreatemodelsforthestudyofhumandiseases.Inaddition,theinvitrodifferentiationofrESCsintoderivativesofthreegermlineswillserveasapowerfultoolandresourcefortheinvestigationofmammaliandevelopment,cellfunction,tissuerepair,anddrugdiscovery.However,thedistinctcultureconditionandsignalinhibitor-dependedmaintenanceofrESCsstandasaconsiderablechallengeforitsinvitrodifferentiation.Toaddressit,weinvestigatedwhetherrESCsarecapableofformingterminaldifferentiatedcardiomyocytes.Wefoundthattheembryoidbodies(EBs)-basedmethodusedinmouseESC(mESC)differentiationfailedtoworkinthecultivationofrESCs.WethenmodifiedthedifferentiationprotocolandsuccessfullydevelopedaninvitrodifferentiationsystemtodifferentiaterESCsintothreeembryonicgermlayers.Byusingthismethod,therESCsformspontaneousbeatingcardiomyocyteswiththepropertiessimilartothosederivedfromfetalratheartsandmESCs.Thisuniquecellularsystemwillprovideanewapproachtostudytheearlydevelopmentandcardiacfunctionaswellastoperformpharmacologicaltestandcelltherapystudy(Grants:theStateMajorResearchProgramofChina(2009ZX09503-024,2010CB945603)andCAS(XDA01030000).

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简介：在所有成年体的干细胞之中，角膜的上皮的那些在他们在定义limbal结构的独占的地点是唯一的沃格特的称为的栅。作为结果，limbal的外科的嫁接上皮的干细胞与或没有前vivo扩大长被练习了在给予limbal的病人恢复风景干细胞缺乏。与另外的干细胞例子相比，不过，相对，很少对limbalniche被知道，它被相信在调整自强和命运决定oflimbal起一个枢轴的作用上皮的干细胞。这评论总结相关文学并且提出几个关键问题由集中于limbal壁龛指导未来研究进limbal干细胞缺乏和角膜的上皮的织物工程的进一步的改进的致病的更好的理解。

简介：Withinthenervoussystem,regenerationislimited,andthisisduetothesmallamountofneuralstemcells,theinhibitoryoriginofthestemcellnicheandoftentothedevelopmentofascarwhichconstitutesamechanicalbarrierfortheregeneration.Regardingtheseaspects,manyeffortshavebeendoneintheresearchofacellcomponentthatcombinedwithscaffoldsandgrowthfactorscouldbesuitablefornervousregenerationinregenerativemedicineapproaches.Autologousmesenchymalstemcellsrepresentnowadaystheidealcandidateforthisaim,thanktotheirmultipotencyandtotheiramountinsideadulttissues.However,issuesintheirharvesting,throughtheuseofinvasivetechniques,andproblemsinvolvedintheirageing,requiretheresearchofnewautologoussources.Tothispurpose,therecentdiscoveryofastemcellscomponentinteeth,andwhichderivefromneuralcrestcells,hascametothelightthepossibilityofusingdentalstemcellsinnervoussystemregeneration.Inthiswork,inordertogiveguidelinesontheuseofdentalstemcellsforneuralregeneration,webrieflyintroducetheconceptsofregenerationandregenerativemedicine,wethenfocustheattentiononodontogenesis,whichinvolvestheformationandthepresenceofastemcomponentindifferentpartsofteeth,andfinallywedescribesomeexperimentalapproacheswhichareexploitingdentalstemcellsforneuralstudies.

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