简介:Theuniquetwo-stage'Chinesepath'ofChina’sru-ral-urbanmigration,whichcannotbefullyexplainedbyclassicaltheoriesofeconomicdevelopment,makesustogivepeasantworkers’transformationtourbanresidentsatoppriority.Onthebasisoffullyexplainingpeasantworkers’transformationtourbanresidents,amethodformeasuringitsprocesshasbeenadvancedandthenconfirmedwiththedataofMarchin2005fromsurveystopeasantworkersinWuhan.Finally,thesuggestionsofacceler-atingpeasantworkers’transformationtourbanresidentstopro-motetheconstructionofaharmonioussocietyhavebeendrawnfromtheanalysis.
简介:Healthliteracyreferstotheabilitytoobtainandunderstandbasichealthinformationandserviceandusesuchinformationandservicetomakeappropriatedecisionssoastomaintainandenhanceone’sownhealth.Healthliteracyisanimportantindicatortoevaluateacountry’sbasicpublichealthservicestandardandthehealthstatusofthepeople.ItisalreadyincludedintheTwelfthFive-yearPlanonthe
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简介:TheinvestigationgroupoftheChinaSocietyforHumanRightsStudies(CSHRS)wentonastudytourofShanghaiMunicipalityandWuxi,ZhenjiangandChangzhouofJiangsuProvinceJune23-30,2004andfoundthatthefourcitieshadmadegratifyingachievementsinprotectingtherightsandinterestsofmigrantfarmerworkersandalargenumberofsuchworkersarebecomingnewcityresidentsofanumberofcities
简介:Alongwiththeprogressofurbanizationandenviron-mentaldeterioration,residents’desireforimprovedairqualityisincreasing.Inordertoquantifyanindividual’swillingness-to-pay(WTP)forimprovedairqualityinJinanofeasternChina,acontingentvaluationmethod(CVM)wasemployed.Asampleof1,500residentswaschosenonthebasisofmultistagesamplingmethodswithface-to-faceinterviewsbyusingaseriesofhypo-thetical,open-endedscenarioquestionswhichweredesignedtoelicittherespondents’WTP.Resultsshowedthat59.7%ofrespondentswereabletoexpresstheirWTPandthemeanWTPis100ChineseYuan(CNY)perpersonperyear.AprobitmodelontheprobabilityofapositiveWTPandaregressionmodelweredevelopedtofindtherelationshipbetweenendogenousvariablesandWTP.Mostparametersintheeconometricanalysishadtheexpectedsign.AnnualhouseholdincomeandexpenditureontreatingrespiratorydiseasessignificantlyinfluenceWTP.TheratesofpositiveWTPandthemonetaryamountarelargerformenthanforwomen.Resultsalsoshowedthatpeoplewholivedinmorepollutedareaswerewillingtopaymoreforcleanair.Unlikedevelopedcountries,cleanairmayonlybeconsideredasapublicgoodinChinainthatmorethan40%ofrespondentshadnoincen-tivetobearthecostsofattemptingtoachievebetterairquality,whichindicatestherelativelylowenvironmentalconsciousness.
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简介:AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency,NingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionbegantoimplementsocialendowmentinsuranceforurban-ruralresidentsinJuly2011.Ithasbrokentheformerdualurban-and-ruralsystemandmergedthesocialendowmentinsuranceforurbanresidentsandthenewruralendowmentinsurancetogetherintothesocialendowmentinsuranceforbothurbanandruralresidents.
简介:有卫星数据集的表面土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量(et)的评价是在气候变化,灾难在西藏自治区域(tar)监视和水蒸汽和精力的发行量的理解的主要题目之一。这研究在1月11日选择卫星图象,在2010的4月6日,7月31日和象冬季,春天,夏天和秋天的代表的10月19日分别地,与潜在的土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量(宠物)和从Penman-Monteith(下午)方法导出的et一起基于表面精力平衡系统(SEBS)估计每日的表面et的分发。结果如下被获得。(1)et和宠物的季节的分发基本上从东南部分减少到焦油的西北部分。尽管et和宠物有类似的空间分布,仍然有一些差别估计极端特别在焦油的中间、东南的部分珍视最大的价值。不管我们采用了什么样的方法,et和宠物的最大的价值总是出现在夏天,当那在冬季是最小的时,由秋天或春天列在后面。(2)在et的评价当模特儿以便更好理解SEBS的精确性,我们从从下午方法获得的SEBS和ET比较了ET。结果证明从SEBS的ET能估计实际et的变化趋势,但是它稍微总体上低估或过高估计et的价值,特别为有厚森林的那些区域。(3)规范的差别植被索引(NDVI)的空间分发从东南部分展出一个减少的趋势到显示在et和植被索引之间的分布的显著一致性的tar的西北部分。当时,et与在不同季节的NDVI,最小,平均数,最大的空气温度和阳光持续时间有关断然好否定地在夏天与降水,相对湿度和风有关加速。
简介:AccordingtothedataoftheChineseLongitudinalHealthyLongevitySurvey(CLHLS)andapplyingmethodsofSullivanandmultistatelifetable,thispaperexaminesthetimeexpectancyofcarefordailylivingofChineseelderlyanditsproportionintheirelderlylife.Theresultsfindthatthereexistsasignificantgendergapoftheexpectancy,whichthemaleat65averagelyareexpectedtohavefourtofivecareyearswhilethefemaleat65averagelyareexpectedtohaveseventoeightcareyears.Thetimeexpectancyforslightcareofdailylivingislongerthanthatforsevercare.Additionally,thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenurbanelderlyandruralelderly.However,asageincreases,thetimeexpectancyforslightcaregoesdownwhilethatforsevercarestabilitiesataconstantatdifferentages.Thetimeexpectancyfordifferenttypesofcareanditsproportionintherestoflifearesignificantlyvarious.Thestudypointsoutthattheestablishmentandimprovementofcareinsurancesystemandtheelderlycareserviceareverynecessary.
简介:Longseriesofdailyweatherdataarefrequentlyneededtoevaluatediachronicclimaticimpactonwaterresources,theeffectsofwatershedchangesonhydrologyandtouseinavarietyofweatherandgeneralcirculationmodels.AcomputergenerationmodelcalledWGENthatwasdevelopedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,wasmodifiedinthisstudyandappliedtoNigerianweatherdataspanningtheperiodbetween1969to1988andcovering17siteslocatedinthedifferentclimaticzonesinNigeria.Themodelgeneratedthemonthlymeanmaximumandminimumtemperatures,solarradiation,totalrainfall,andnumberofwetanddrydayswithhighaccuracy,95%ofthetimes.TheMann-WhitneyU-testrevealedthatthenumberofmonthsperyearforwhichobservedandgeneratedweathervariablesweresignificant,waslessthan4inmajorityofthesites.