简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatetheadvantagesofcanalwallreconstruction(CWR)mastoidectomy,asingle-stagetechniqueforcholesteatomaremovalandposteriorexternalcanalwallreconstruction,overtheopenandclosedproceduresintermsofcholesteatomarecurrence.Methods:BetweenJune2002andDecember2005,38patients(40ears)withcholesteatomawereadmitedtoSunYat-SenMemorialHospitalandreceivedsurgicaltreatments.Ofthesepatients,25weremalewithagesrangingbetween11and60years(mean=31.6years)and13werefemalewithagesrangingbetween20and65years(mean=38.8years).Canalwallreconstruction(CWR)mastoidectomywasperformedin31earsandcanalwalldown(CWD)mastoidectomyin9ears.Conchacartilagewasusedforearcanalwallreconstructionin22ofthe31CWRproceduresandcorticalmastoidbonewasusedintheremaining9cases.ResultsAt0.5to4yearsfollowup,allbutonepatientsremainedfreeofsignsofcholesteatomarecurrence,i.e.,noretractionpocketorcholesteatomamatrix.Onepatient,asmoker,neededrevisionsurgeryduetocholesteatomarecurrence1.5yearaftertheinitialoperation.Therecurrenceratewastherefore3.2%(1/31).CholesteatomarecurrencewasmonitoredusingpostoperativeCTscanswheneverpossible.Inthecasethatneededarevisionprocedure,aretractionpocketwasidentifiedbyotoendoscopyintheparsflacidaareathateventuallyevolvedintoacholesteatoma.Apocketextendingtotheepitympanumfilledwithcholesteatomamatrixwasconfirmedduringtherevisionoperation,Adecisiontoperformamodifiedmastoidectomywasmadeasthepatientrefusedtoquitsmoking.Themeanair-bonegapinpuretonethresholdwas45dBbeforesurgeryand25dBafter(p<0.05).Therewasnodifferencebetweenusingconchacartilageandcorticalmastoidboneforthereconstructionregardingair-bonegapimprovement,CTfindingsandotoendoscopicresults.ConclusionCWRmastoidectomycanbeusedformostpatientswithacquiredmiddleearcholesteatoma,inc

简介：AnalgorithmbasedoneigenanalysistechniqueandWalsh-Hadamardtransform(WHT)isproposed.Thealgorithmcontainstwosteps.Firstly,thereceivedsequenceisdividedintotemporalwindows,andacovariancematrixiscomputed.Thelinearfeedbackshiftregister(LFSR)sequenceisreconstructedfromthefirsteigenvectorofthismatrix.Secondly,equationsaccordingtotherecoveredLFSRsequenceareconstructed,andtheWalshspectrumcorrespondingtotheequationsiscomputed.ThefeedbackpolynomialofLFSRisestimatedfromtheWalshspectrum.Thevalidityofthealgorithmisverifiedbythesimulationresult.Finally,casestudiesarepresentedtoillustratetheperformanceoftheblindreconstructionmethod.

简介：ObjectiveToreporttympanoplastycasescompletedwithSheehyPartialOssicularReplacementProstheses(PORP).MethodsSeventyeight(83ears)of89caseswhoreceivedSheehyPORPforossicularchainreconstructionwerereviewed.Thesecaseswerefollowedformorethan6months(mean:21.3months).Thepreandpost-operativeaverageairconductionthresholdsandAir-BoneGap(ABG)at0.5,1and2kHzwerecompared.ResultsAll83earsshoweduneventfulhealingat1monthpostoperatively.PORPsin2earswithoutcartilagereinforcementwerefounddislocatedat3months.Preoperativehearingthresholdswerefrom35.75to68.5dBHL(mean:59.13±15.23dBHL).Postoperativemeanhearingthresholdimprovedto32.23±13.21dBHL(P<0.01).Meanair-bonegap(ABG)improvedfrom36.95±12.19dBpreoperativelyto21.71±12.05dBaftersurgery(P<0.01).In68ears(81.9%),postoperativeABGswereeither≤20dBorimprovedby15dBormorecomparedtobeforesurgery(definedassatisfactory).ConclusionPORPasaossicularreconstructionmaterialappearstoprovidesatisfactoryresults.Attentionshouldbepaidtoavoidofpostoperativedislocation.Long-termoutcomesremaintobeassessed.

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简介：Asaspecialshift-invariantspaces,splinesubspacesyieldmanyadvantagessothattherearemanypracticalapplicationsforsignalorimageprocessing.Inthispaper,wepayattentiontothesamplingandreconstructionprobleminsplinesubspaces.Weimprovelowerboundofsamplingsetconditionsinsplinesubspaces.Basedontheimprovedexplicitlowerbound,aimprovedexplicitconvergenceratioofreconstructionalgorithmisobtained.Theimprovedconvergenceratiooccupiesfasterconvergenceratethanoldone.Attheend,somenumericalexamplesareshowntovalidateourresults.

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简介：ReconstructinganHR(high-resolution)imagewhichpreservestheimageintrinsicstructuresfromitsLR(low-resolution)counterpartishighlychallenging.Thispaperproposesanewsurfacereconstructionalgorithmappliedtoimageinterpolation.Theinterpolationsurfaceforthewholeimageisgeneratedbyputtingallthequadraticpolynomialpatchestogether.Inordertoeliminatethejaggiesoftheedge,anewweightfunctioncontainingedgeinformationisincorporatedintothepatchreconstructionprocedureasaconstraint.Extensiveexperimentalresultsdemonstratethatourmethodproducesbetterresultsacrossawiderangeofscenesintermsofbothquantitativeevaluationandsubjectivevisualquality.

简介：Objective:Tosummarizethereconstructionexperienceoftheelectricalinjuriesinemergency.Methods:All309woundsin105patientswhosufferedfromelectricalinjurieswerereviewedduringa10yearperiodfromJan.1st1986toDec.31st,1996.Treatmentmethod,patientdataandresultswerecomparedandanalyzed.Acomprehensiveurgentreconstructionalternativeusedinallcasesincludedthefollowings,1)debridingthewoundinemergency,2)preservingthevitaltissuesasmuchaspossible,evendevitalizedtissuesorlocalnecrosis,3)transplantingthesevitaltissuesduringthefirstsurgeryifthefunctionalreconstructionrequired,4)nourishingthewoundbedbytissueflapscoveringwithrichbloodsupply,5)improvingflapsurvivalbycontinuousirrigationfor24-720hoursbeneaththeflapswithacompoundmedicineaftersurgery.Results:Satisfactoryresultswereobtainedwiththeextremitylossratiooflessthan7%inthisgroupcomparedwith42.5%whichwas10yearsbefore1984inthesamehospital.Conclusions:Thisurgentcomprehensivereconstructionalternativeisaneffectiveandworkablemethodforreducingextremitylossofelectricalinjuries.

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheclinicalefficacyofgreateromentuminreconstructionofrefractorywounds.Methods:FromAugust1988toMay2001,20patientswithrefractorywoundunderwentpedicleormicrovascularfreetransferofthegreateromentum.Indicationsofsurgerywereelectricalinjuryofthewristandhandin9patients,electricalinjuryofthescalpandcranialbonesin3,avulsioninjuryofthescalpin2,radiation-relatedulcerofthechestwallin2,ulcerandosteomyelitisfollowingresectionofthesternumsarcomain1,electricalinjuryoftheabdomenin1,boneandsofttissuedefectsfollowingcompoundfractureofthelegin1,andextensivescarandulcerofthelegandfootdropfollowingtraumain1.Severeinfectionandextensivetissuenecrosiswerepresentpriortosurgicaloperationin12patients.Elevenpatientsweretreatedwithpedicledomentalflaps,and9patientswithfreeomentalflaps.Thesizeoftheomentalflapsrangedfrom20cm×12cmto38cm×23cm.Results:Alltheomentalflapssurvived.Healingatthefirstintentionofthewoundswasachievedin17cases.Theon-topskingraftsresultedinpartialnecrosisoflipidliquefactiondevelopedintheomentumandhealedwithdressingchangein2cases.Asinustractofosteomyelitisoccurredinonecaseandhealedafterdelayedexcisionofthenecrosedbone.Follow-upstudyofallcasesfrom3to24monthsshowednorecurrentwoundsandpost-operativeabdominalcomplication.Recoverywithacceptableappearanceandrestorationoffunctionwassatisfactory.Conclusions:Greateromentumprovidesawell-vascularizedtissuewithlymphaticductsforwoundcoverage.Ithasstrongresistanceagainstinfection.Itisverymalleableandcanbemoldedeasily.Thereforeitisanidealtissueinfillingcavitiesandrepairingdefects,especiallyincoveringlargeandirregulardefectsthatcannotbetreatedwithskinormuscleflaps.

简介：Inimagereconstructionalgorithms,thechoicesoffilterfunctionsandinterpolatingfunctionsareveryimportantforthecomputationalspeedandthequalityoftheimagereconstructed,especially,forfan-beamgeometry,theoccurrenceofthesingularintegraloperatormayleadtosomegreatoscillationscomparedtotheoriginalimage.Inthispaperwewillgiveadirectconvolu-tionalgorithmwhichneedsnotthecomplexcomputationsoccuringintheFouriertransform,thenusingacircleintegralweobtainastablecomputationalprogram.Differentfromallotherpreviouswindowfunctionsusedbymanypioneerresearchers,inouralgorithmwechooseawindowfunctionsimilartoGabor'swindowfunctione-x^2/2,whichcanberegardedastheapproximationtotheinverseFouriertransformofalocallyintegrablefrequencyfunction.AlsowepointoutthatsuchreconstructionalgorithmprocedurescanbeusedtodealwiththeSPECTprojectiondatawithconstantattenuation.

简介：Differentmodalitiesinbiomedicalimages,likeCT,MRIandPETscanners,providedetailedcross-sectionalviewsofhumananatomy.Thispaperintroducesthree-dimensionalbrainreconstructionbasedonCTslices.Itcontainsfiltering,fuzzysegmentation,matchingmethodofcontours,cellarraystructureandimageanimation.Experimentalresultshaveshownitsvalidity.TheinnovationismatchingmethodofcontoursandfuzzysegmentationalgorithmofCTslices.

简介：Thispaperconsiderstheregionalvitalizationproblemanddiscussesthemethodologytocreateregionalvitalizationplans,whichincludeactivatingthelocaleconomy,enrichingpeople'slives,andactivatingthefeelingsofpeople,bynewinitiatives.Activityunderlyingthemethodologyistheexperienceofimplementingseveralactualprojectswiththelocalresidents,andtheoryunderlyingthemethodologyistheknowledgeconstructionandjustificationtheorybasedonknowledgemanagementandsystemsthinking.Introducinganactualvitalizationprojectasanillustrativeexample,thepaperproposesaknowledgereconstructionandjustificationprocedureforregionalvitalization.

简介：目的将在更低的手足讨论ischemic挛缩的功能的重建的方法并且基于它的严厉和预后在更低的手足为ischemic挛缩建议一个分类协议。有在更低的手足的ischemic挛缩的42个病人全部的方法A在这研究被包括。根据骚乱的不同类型和严厉，由神经解压缩组成的外科的重建，腱变长或转移的度，内在的脚肌肉版本和小腿腹胫骨的神经吻合在每个病人被执行。手术后地结果，所有病人能走在扁平的地面上。落下脚在10个病人被改正，并且5个病人仍然在楼梯活动期间感到了一些困难。到屈肌hallucislongus腱的裂口跟腱转移在12个病人被执行，并且他们的走的稳定性被改进。七个病人接受了在5个病人在2个病人和S3到达到S2的ipsilateralsuraltibial神经吻合，和敏感恢复。在更低的手足的结论Ischemic挛缩是在更低的手足损伤以后的破坏复杂并发症。挛缩的预防比确定的挛缩的治疗更重要。到屈肌hallucislongus腱和小腿腹胫骨的神经吻合的裂口跟腱转移，被我们开始实现，能在更低的手足改进ischemic挛缩的功能的恢复，并且因此在更低的手足为ischemic挛缩的功能的重建提供一种新选择。

简介：ObjectiveToreportutilityofMedporframeworksinauricularreconstructionandmanagementofframeworksprotrusion.MethodsRetrorespectivelyanalysisofclinicalinformationin31patientswhounderwentauricularreconstructionfromApril2000toOctober2002.ResultsAll31reconstructedauricleswereingoodconditionattwoweekspostoperatively.Frameworkprotrusionoccurredlaterin11patients.Theframeworkwasretainedin8ofthesecasesaftersecondaryrepair,buthadtoberemovedin3patients.In27patients,thereconstructedauriclewasratedasestheticallysuccesful.ConclusionMedporframeworkprotrusionislikelytooccurwhenskintensionishighwithminimalsofttissuecoverageovertheframeworkandcanresultfromimpactbystrongexternalforce.Despitetheconcernofprotrusion,Medporframeworkscanbeusedinplaceofautologouscartilaginousgraftinauricularreconstruction.

简介：Thesandfishisalizardhavingtheremarkableabilitytomoveindesertsandinaswimming-likefashion.Themostout-standingadaptationstothismodeoflifearethelowfrictionbehaviourandtheextensiveabrasionresistanceofthesandfishskinagainstsand,outperformingevensteel.Weinvestigatedthetopography,thecompositionandthemechanicalpropertiesofsandfishscales.Theseconsistofglycosylatedkeratinswithhighamountofsulphurbutnohardinorganicmaterial,suchassilicatesorlime.Remarkably,atomicforcemicroscopyshowsanalmostcompleteabsenceofattractiveforcesbetweenthescalesurfaceandasilicontip,suggestingthatthisisresponsiblefortheunusualtribologicalproperties.Theunusualglycosylationofthekeratinswasfoundtobeabsolutelynecessaryforthedescribedphenomenon.Thescalesweredissolvedandreconstitutedonapolymersurfaceresultinginpropertiessimilartotheoriginalscale.Thus,weprovideapathwaytowardsexploitationofthereconstitutedscalematerialforfutureengineeringapplications.

简介：Sinceearlythisyear,thesituationinAfghanistanhasbeenturbulentwithoperationsoftheTalibanbecomingmoreactive

简介：ThispaperdescribesasoftwarethatreadsthedetectordescriptionfromtagbasedASCIIfilesandbuildsanindependentdetectorrepresentation(itsonlydependencybeingtheCLHEPlibrary)intransientmode,AsecondpackageusesthistransientrepresentationtobuildautomaticallyaGEANT4representationofthedetectorgeometryandmaterials.Thesoftwaresupportsandkindofelementandmaterial,includingmaterialmixturesbuiltbygivingtheweightfractions,thevolumefractionsofthenumberofatomsofeachcomponent.Thecommonsolidshapes(box,cube,cone,sphere,polycone,polyhedra,…)canbeused,aswellassolidsmadefromabooleanoperationofanothersolids(addition,substractionandintersection),Thegeometryvolumescanbeplacedthroughsimplepositioningorpositioningseveralcopiesfollowingagivenformula,sothateachcopycanhavedifferentpositionandrotation,Alsodivisioningofavolumealongoneofitsaxisissupportedforthebasicsolidshpaes.TheSimulation,ReconstructionandVisualisation(ROOTbased)softwarecontainnodetectordata.Instead,thisdataisalwaysaccesedthroughauniqueinterfacetotheGEANT4detectorrepresentationpackage,whichmanagesthecomplicatedparameterisedpositioningsanddivisionsandreturnsGEANT4independentobjects.BothpackageshavebeenbuiltfollowingstrictSoftwareEngineeringpractices,thatwealsodescribeinthepaper.ThesoftwarehasbeenusedforthedetectordescriptionofthePS214(HARP)experimentatCERN,whichistakingdatasinceapril2001,WithminormodificationsitisalsobeenusedfortheGEANT4simulationoftheCMSexperiment.

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