简介：AbstractBackground:Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is associated with high neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the influences of cesarean section (CS) on neonatal outcomes in preterm pregnancies complicated with PPROM are not well elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of delivery modes on neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with PPROM.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 39 public hospitals in 14 cities in the mainland of China from January 1st, 2011 to December 31st, 2011. A total of 2756 singleton pregnancies complicated with PPROM were included. Adverse neonatal outcomes including early neonatal death, birth asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), pneumonia, infection, birth trauma, and 5-min/10-min Apgar scores were obtained from the hospital records. Binary variables and ordinal variables were respectively calculated by binary logistic regressions and ordinal regression. Numerical variables were compared by multiple linear regressions.Results:In total, 2756 newborns were involved in the analysis. Among them, 1166 newborns (42.31%) were delivered by CS and 1590 newborns belonged to vaginal delivery (VD) group. The CS proportion of PPROM obviously increased with the increase of gestational age (χ2 = 5.014, P = 0.025). Compared with CS group, VD was associated with a higher risk of total newborns mortality(odds ratio [OR], 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.102–5.118; P = 0.027), and a lower level of pneumonia (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.126–0.811; P = 0.016). However, after multivariable adjustment and stratification for gestational age, only pneumonia was significantly related with CS in 28 to 34 weeks group (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.120–0.940; P = 0.038). There were no differences regarding to other adverse outcomes in the two groups, including neonatal mortality, birth asphyxia, Apgar scores, RDS, pneumonia, and sepsis.Conclusions:The proportion of CS of pregnant women with PPROM was very high in China. The mode of delivery does not affect neonatal outcomes of pregnancies complicated with PPROM.

简介：AbstractThe management of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 34 weeks of gestation is intractable, due to pulmonary immaturity, many complications, poor pregnancy outcomes. In particular, the pre-viable PPROM (<23 weeks of gestation) is much more difficult to be treated. The clinical recommendation is to terminate the pregnancy as soon as possible. The pregnancy outcomes of PPROM in the early second-trimester of two twin pregnant women in our hospital were reported to explore the treatment protocols. The pregnancies of the two women developed PROM at 12 and 16 weeks of gestation, respectively. After expectant treatment, they were deliveried successfully at 34+6 and 34+4 weeks of gestation, respectively. The assessment of growth and development of infants was normal during the following six months after birth. Therefore, if PPROM occurs in the early second-trimester of pregnancy, the management of PPROM should be individualized, it’s a long process which should include comprehensive communication between patients and families regarding alternative treatment options (including expectant management) and risks and benefits of the procedure. In the absence of spontaneous labor or occurrence of complications that would prompt delivery (intra-amniotic infection, abruptio placenta, cord prolapse), and fetal status is normal, the patients should proceed with expectant treatment, induction of labor is commonly performed in pregnancies with PPROM ≥34 weeks of gestation.

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简介：AbstractPreterm parturition is the consequence of pathological signals that activate the common pathway of parturition and considered as a syndrome. Many risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) have been identified. Two significant risk factors for sPTB are history of prior sPTB and short cervical length at midtrimester. 17 hydroxyprogesterone caproate, vaginal progesterone, cerclage, and pessary have all been studied for prevention of sPTB. Difference in patient populations likely contributes to the conflicting study results. Further studies are needed to establish strategies in prevention of sPTB in singleton as well as multiple pregnancies.

简介：Introduction:Anumberofmilestonesinthetreatmentofprematureejaculation(PE)haveoccurredoverthepastfivedecades,includingthedevelopmentofvariousbehavioralandcognitivetechniquesaswellaspharmacotherapiesthatmodifyneurophysiologicalprocessesinvolvedinejaculation.Nevertheless,thenotionthatsexualresponsessuchasPEareinfluencedbyphysiological,

简介：无数生物因素被建议了解释早泄(PE)。然而，有精囊(SV)的数据相关PE是稀少的。学习试图评估在SV和PE的尺寸之间的关系。没有PE，代表性的学习与PE和44个志愿者包括了44个门诊病人，并且SV的尺寸被比较。射精的潜伏时间，早泄诊断工具(PEDT)，可勃起的Function-15的国际索引，和健康长期的前列腺炎症状的国家研究所索引的自我估计的intravaginal被用于对症状的评价。比作控制组，PE组有SV的显著地更高的吝啬的前面以后的直径(APD)(P<0.001)。SV截止水平的最佳的吝啬的APD是为PE的9.25公里。在PE组，PEDT与SV的吝啬的APD相比与SV9.25公里的吝啬的APD也是更高的<9.25公里。PEDT显著地与SV的吝啬的APD被相关(r=0.326，P=0.031)。精液的血浆蛋白质被集体spectrometry在六PE和六个匹配的控制盒子之间比较，102蛋白质是至少起来调整或下面调整的1.5褶层，这被显示出。在他们之中，GGT1，LAMC1，和应用软件在PE组是显著地更高的。这些结果显示有SV的更大的吝啬的APD的人可能让更高的PEDT得分。SV的Transrectal超声应该与早泄在病人的评估被考虑。SV可能在SV是为有PE和超声变化的病人的治疗的一个潜在的目标。

简介：AbstractThe time of birth is a critical determinant of perinatal and long-term outcomes, and even trans-generational effects. Preterm birth is still the leading cause of infant mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, rates of preterm birth remain high worldwide. Preterm parturition is a complex syndrome, which can be induced by several factors such as infection, cervical pathology, uterine overdistension, progesterone deficiency, vascular alterations (utero-placental ischemia, decidual hemorrhage), maternal and fetal stress, allograft reaction, allergic phenomena, and probably other several unknown factors. The mechanisms responsible for early labor activation have been partially identified and involve receptors, chemokines, and inflammatory cytokines. It is very useful to understand the cellular and biochemical pathways responsible for preterm labor activation to identify, treat, and prevent negative outcome in a timely manner. Researchers and clinicians play a key role in improving biochemical knowledge on preterm delivery, identifying risk factors, and applying multilevel preventive strategies.

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简介：Acrylonitrile(AN)andmaleicanhydride(MA)copolymerhasbeensynthesizedbyradicalpolymerizationusingammoniumpersulfateandsodiumbisulfiteasinitiator.Thepervaporationpropertiesofthecopolymericmembranespreparedhavebeeninvestigatedforthefirsttime.Thedependencesofpervaporationcharacteristicsoncoplymercomposition,feedconcentrationandoperatingtemperaturehavebeenstudied.Inordertoimprovetheseparationpropertiesofthecopolymericmembranes,themembraneswerehydrolyzedwith10wt%soldiumhydroxideorpotassiumhydroxideaqueoussolution.Thehydrolyzedmembranescontainingmorethan0.069MAmolfractionshowedhighertensilestrengthandseparationpropertiesthantheoriginalmembranes.

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简介：Theearlydiagnosisofcardiacruptureisoneofthekeyfactorsforasuccessfuloutcome.However,theaccuratediagnosisisoftendifficultintheearlystageofinjury,especiallywhensomeobviousseverewoundsarefoundinotherregionsofthebody,1,2fortheyareeasytodisguisethesymptomoftheheart.Wereportacasewithcardiacruptureandlivertraumacausedbytrafficaccident.

简介：AbstractPreterm labor (before 37 weeks’ gestation) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, which can be divided into iatrogenic preterm labor, infectious preterm labor, and spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL). Up to now, there continue to be great difficulties in prediction and prevention of sPTL, owing to multiple risk factors, pathogenesis, and pathologic processes contributing to the event, which have not been fully clarified. Pregnancy maintenance and parturition is a complicated process with continuous maternal-fetal dialogue, in which both maternal and fetal factors participate and affect the outcome of pregnancy, including sPTL. Besides, external factors can also participate in sPTL, individually or through the interaction with internal factors. In this article, we summarize recent studies regarding sPTL from our and other groups, and discuss the risk factors and pathogenesis of preterm birth from both external and internal (maternal and fetal) aspects, so as to provide theoretical evidences for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of sPTL in the future.

简介：Themainrequirementsforbatteryseparatorsarehighporositywhichcanservepathwaysoflithiumionandspaceforgelelectrolytestoimpregnateinamembraneandmechanicalstrengthtoalloweasyhandlingforbatteryassembly.Generally,itappearsthetrade-offrelationshipbetweentheporosityandmechanicalstrengthofthemembrane.PVdFcompositemembranescontainingnano-sizeclayswereusedtoimprovethemechanicalstrengthofthemembranewithoutaffectingthemembraneporosity.Thecompositemembraneswerepreparedbyphaseinversionmethodcontrollingthemembranepreparationconditionssuchasretentiontime.Theresultantmembranesshowincreasedmechanicalpropertieswithsimilarmembraneporosityaround80%comparedtothepristinePVdFmembrane.Incorporationofnonoclaycanbeconsideredasaneffectivemethodtoimprovethemechanicalstrengthinporousmembranesupports,especiallyinaseparator.

简介：生物的膜为房间生活和水和是必要的。水为许多房间部件的集会和稳定性提供驱动力。这里，我们在phospholipid膜学习水的结构的性质。我们描绘本地结构，检查中间的范围顺序(国际难民组织)并且采用最近Martelli等建议的一个敏感本地顺序度量标准。与完美的冰的结构测量并且分级本地环境的重叠的度。近到膜，水获得一个高国际难民组织并且改变它的动态性质；即，它慢，在一个区域，那从膜在1nm上扩大的自由的翻译、旋转的度连接。令人惊讶地，我们证明在远及从接口的2:5nm的距离，尽管像体积的动力学被恢复，水的IRO在在一样的热力学的条件下面的体积仍然是比那稍微高级的。因此，水膜接口以比经常调用的1-nm长度规模进一步宣传的周围的条件有结构的效果。因而，当分析膜限制的水的试验性的数据时，这应该被考虑并且能帮助我们在生物系统理解水的角色。

简介：关于早泄(PE)的定义，分类和流行有进行中的争论。PE的第一个基于证据的定义与终生的PE被限制到异性爱的人从事阴道交际。不幸地，有PE的抱怨的许多病人不满足这些标准。然而，这些人能作为PE子类型，也就是获得的PE，自然可变PE或象早熟一样之一被诊断射精的机能障碍。不过，这些子类型的有效性被证据还没支持了。一个普遍接受的PE定义的缺席和为数据获得的标准的缺乏导致了报导了冲突率的流行研究。20%的高流行；-30%；可能由于在如此的调查被进行的时间在定义使用的含糊的术语。尽管当为基于人口的流行研究询问了时，许多人可以抱怨PE，仅仅他们的一些将活跃地为他们的抱怨寻求治疗，尽管大多数这些病人将定义与PE适合的症状。获得的PE病人的抱怨可能是更严重的，而经历象早熟一样的病人的抱怨射精的机能障碍与PE的各种各样的形式在人之中似乎最少严重。尽管众多的治疗形式为PE的管理被建议了，仅仅抗抑郁剂和热门麻木的乳脂当前被证明了有效。当任何一个都没被规章的机构同意了治疗形式，进一步的研究不管多么必须被带为PE开发有益的治疗策略。

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectof360-degreeretinectomyforsevereocularruptureandevaluatetherelatedfactorsassociatedwithprognosis.Methods:Aretrospectiveanalysiswasperformedon28consecutivepatients,18menand10women,withsevereocularruptureadmittedtotheChinesePLAGeneralHospitalbetweenJanuary1999andJanuary2002.Thepatients'agesrangedfrom16to58years,mean29.5years.Alloperationswereperformedbythefirstauthor.Allpatientsunderwentstandard3-portparsplanavitrectomywithscleralencirclingbuckle,endophotocoagulation,andtamponadedwithsiliconeoil.Lensectomywereperformedon15eyes.360-degreeretinotomyandretinectomywereperformedatanteriorequatoron16eyes,andposteriorequatoron12eyes.Results:Duringoperation,allpatientswereconfirmedtohavevitreoushemorrhageandretinaldetachment,inwhichhemorrhagicciliarybodydetachmentwasfoundin9eyes,suprachoroidalhemorrhagein12eyes,retinaltwistinglikeflowerstalkin11eyes,andretinalincarcerationin17eyes.Postoperativefollow-upwasconductedin26cases,rangedfrom6monthsto46months.Retinalreattachmentachievedin20eyes(76.9%),inwhichthreepatients'retinawasreattachedafterrevitrectomy.Thesiliconeoilwasremovedatthefourthmonthin8eyespostoperatively.Correctedvisualacuityof0.02ormorewasin14eyes(70.0%)amongthe20patientswithreattachedretina.Visualacuityof0.05ormorewasin7eyes(35.0%),and0.1ormorewasin3eyes.Thebestvisualacuitywas0.3in1eye.Conclusions:Retinectomymayimprovetheprognosisofsevereocularruptureandsavethevisualfunctionofsomepatients.

简介：ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｒｕｐｔｕｒｅｆｅａｔｕｒｅｏｆａｇｒｅａｔｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｉｎＫａｍｃｈａｔｋａＹＵＡＮＧＡＯ１）（高原）ＳＩＨＵＡＺＨＥＮＧ１）（郑斯华）ＨＵＩＬＡＮＺＨＯＵ２）（周蕙兰）ＺＨＥＮＬＩＵ２）（...

简介：Theunpredictableruptureofsaccularaneurysmsespeciallyoftheintracerebralaneurysmisaknottyproblemthatalwaysresultsinhighmortality.Traditionaldiagnosisofmedicalimages,whichgivestheaneurysmsizeandcompareswithaspeculatedcriticalsizefromclinicalstatistics,wasdemonstratedinadequatetoforecastingrupture.Here,weproposeanewdetectingstrategythatusesadielectricelastomer(DE)capacitancesensortomonitorthegrowthofsaccularaneurysmsanddeliverboththewallstressandgeometricparameters.Basedontheelasticgrowththeorytogetherwiththefinitedeformationanalyses,thecorrelationbetweenthereal-timeoutputcapacitanceoftheDEsensorandthewallstressand/orgeometryofananeurysmisderived.Comparedtoclinicstatisticsandbiomechanicssimulations,thewallstressandgeometricsizemaybeusedascombinedindicatorstoassesstheruptureriskofasaccularaneurysm.Numericalresultsshowthatanoutputrelativecapacitanceof30indicatesahighriskofrupture.Finally,thesensitivityandresolutionoftheDEsensorareprovedadequatelyhighformonitoringthegrowthstateandevaluatingtheruptureriskofasaccularaneurysm.

简介：Theexperimentalstudywasperformedin78rabbits,theexposedanteriorven-tricularsurfaceoftheopen—chestrabbitswereimpactedwithapendulum—likemovementimpactorsystemwhichwascontrolledbytheCardiaccycle.Undrsomegivenconditions,theexperimentalresultswereasfollows:（1）Theimpactsat5.0m·s-1resultedinnocardiacruptureinallattemps（16/16）attheendofsystoleas

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