简介：Basedupontheresearchtotheeconomicequilibriumproblems,wepresentakindofnewmathematicalprogrammingproblem-interactionprogrammingproblem(abbreviatedbyIPP).TheIPPiscomposedoftwoormultipleparametricprogrammingproblemswhichisinterrelatedwitheachother.TheIPPreflectstheequalityandmutualbenefitrelationshipbetweentwo(oramongmultiple)economicplannersinaneconomicsystem.Inessence,theIPPissimilartothegeneralizedNashequilibria(GNE)gamewhichhasbeengivenseveralnamesintheliterature:socialequilibriagames,pseudo-Nashequilibriagames,andequilibriumprogrammingproblems.Inthispaper,weestablishthemathematicalmodelandsomebasicconceptstotheIPP.WeinvestigatethestructureandthepropertiesoftheIPP.WealsogiveanecessaryandsufficientconditionsfortheexistenceoftheequilibriumpointstoakindoflinearIPP.

简介：本文分析了教师在课堂教学中所起的主导作用,引出以学生为主体的教学风格,同时对传统的语法讲解为主要内容的教学方法和交际法教学进行了得失比较,对交际法实施的原则进行了讨论。

简介：Thegenerationofplasmawhichcanabsorbmicrowavesiscurrentlyaresearchtopicofinterest.Thiskindofplasmaisoftenproducedbythedischargeorelectron-beamimpactofnoblegases.Inthispaperanalternaticeapproach,combustionplasma,isstudied.Theplasmaisproducedbycombustingsolidgrainspreparedspecially.Sixgroupsofpowdersweremadeandusedtogeneratetheplasma.Thetransmissivityofthewaveinplasmawasmeasuredbyemployingamicrowavescalarnetworkanalysersystem.Inaddition,theelectrondensityandthecollisionfrequencyoftheplasmawereexaminedbymicrowavedouble-frequencydiagnosis.Themeasurementresultsshowedthattheplasmacouldabsorbmicrowavesremarkablywithanaveragetransmissionattenuationbeingmorethan18dBinafrequencyrangeof2GHzto15GHz.Thediagnosisindicatedthattheelectrondensityoftheplasmavariedfrom10~(17)m~(-3)to10~(19)m~(-3)andthecollisionfrequencywasabout5×10~(10)s~(-1).

简介：Thispaperstudiestheinteractionofshockandgradientwave(soundwave)ofsolutionstothesystemofinviscidisentropicgasdynamicsasamodelforthecorrespondingproblemsfornonlinearhyperbolicsystems.Theproblemcanbereducedtoaboundaryvalueprobleminawedgeddormain,ByusingthemethodofconstructingasymptoticsolutionsandNewton'siterationprocessitisprovedthatifaweakshockhitsagradientwave,thenthegrandientwavewillsplitintotwogradientwaves,whiletheshockcontinusespropagating.Inthispapertheauthorreducestheproblemtoastandardformandconstructsasymptoticsolutionoftheproblem.Theexistenceofthegenuinesolutionwillhegiveninthefollowingpaper.

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简介：Anoveltheoreticalmodelofthermaldiffusionhasbeenestablishedtostudythermalinteractionbetweentwoneighboringdiodsinsemiconductorlaserarrays.Themaincauseoftheocurrenceofthethermalinteractionbetweentwoneighboringdiodesinarraydevicesistheheatconductionthroughheatsink.Weholdthatasthedevicesmusyhaveheatsinktodiffuseheat,thiskindofinteractioninthearraywouldalwaysexist.However,whenthepitchbetweentwoneighboringdiodesinthearrayisreasonablydefined,thistroublesomethermalinteractioncanbesimplyreducedbyusingourmodel.Basedontheindividualdiodeswithleakywaveguidestructure,weexperimentallysucceededinfabricating2D4×4arrays.Thethermalinteractionbetweenupperandlowerdiodesinthe2Darrayisalsoconsideredaswellasthefunctionoftheheatsink.Themeasuredresultsshowthatthepulsepeakoutputpowerofthe2D4×4arrayishighupto11W.

简介：Versicanbelongstothefamilyofthelargeaggregatingchondroitinsulfateproteoglycanslocatedprimarilywithintheextracellularmatrix(ECM).Versican,likeothermembersofitsfamily,hasuniqueN-andC-terminalglobularregions,eachwithmultiplemotifs.Alargeglycosaminoglycan-bindingregionliesbetweenthem.Thisreviewwillbeginbyoutliningthesestructures,inthecontextofECMproteoglycans.Thediversebindingpartnersaffordedtoversicanbyvirtueofitsmodulardesignwillthenbeexamined.TheseincludeECMcomponents,suchashyaluronan,typeⅠcollagen,tenascin-R,fibulin-1,and-2,fibrillin-1,fibronectin,P-andL-selectins,andchemokines.VersicanalsobindstothecellsurfaceproteinsCD44,integrinβ1,epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor,andP-selectinglycoproteinligand-1.Thesemultipleinteractorsplayimportantrolesincellbehaviour,andtherolesofversicaninmodulatingsuchprocessesarediscussed.

简介：Inmanytissuestheparasympatheticandsympatheticnervoussystemregulatesmoothmusctoneviatheirtransmittersaeetylcholineandnoradrenaline,respectively.Directsmoothmusceeeffectsofacetylcholineviamuscarinicreceptorsalwayspromotecontraction,butnon-neuronalsourcescanimportantlycontributetosuchstimulation.Directsmoothmuscleeffectsofnoradren-alinecanpromotecontractionviaal-andsometimesalsoα2-adrenoceptorsbutcanpromotere-laxationandinhibitcontractionviaβ-adrenoceptors.Iwillfocusontheinteractionbetweensub-typesofmuscarinicandβ-adrenergicreceptors,largelyusingtheurinarybladderasanexam-ple.

简介：Asystematicprocedureisproposedforobtainingsolutionsforsoli-tarywavesinstratifiedfluids.Thestratificationofthefluidisassumedtobeexpo-nentialorlinear.Itscomparisonwithexistingresultsforanexponentiallystratifiedfluidshowsagreement,anditisfoundthatfortheoddseriesofsolutionsthedirec-tionofdisplacementofthestreamlinesfromtheirasymptoticlevelsisreversedwhenthestratificationischangedfromexponentialtolinear.Finallytheinteractionofsolitarywavesisconsidered,andtheKorteweg-deVriesequationandtheBoussinesqequationarederived.Thustheknownsolutionsoftheseequationscanberehedupontoprovidetheanswerstotheinteractionproblem.

简介：Withtherapidprogressofcomponenttechnology,thesoftwaredevelopmentmethodologyofgatheringalargenumberofcomponentsfordesigningcomplexsoftwaresystemshasmatured.But,howtoassesstheapplicationreliabilityaccuratelywiththeinformationofsystemarchitectureandthecomponentsreliabilitiestogetherhasbecomeaknottyproblem.Inthispaper,thedefectsinformaldescriptionofsoftwarearchitectureandthelimitationsinexistedmodelassumptionsarebothanalyzed.Moreover,anewsoftwarereliabilitymodelcalledComponentInteractionMode(CIM)isproposed.Withthismodel,theproblemforexistedcomponent-basedsoftwarereliabilityanalysismodelsthatcannotdealwiththecasesofcomponentinteractionwithnon-failureindependentandnon-randomcontroltransitionisresolved.Atlast,thepracticeexamplesarepresentedtoillustratetheeffectivenessofthismodel.

简介：Characteristicsofinteractionbetweendi-2-ethylhexylphthalate(DEHP)andparticulateinaeutrophiclakewerestudiedinthispaper.DEHPconcentrationsrangedfrom89.9to247μg/Lwithanaveragevalueof146μg/Linsubsurfacewater(SSW)samples,andfrom82.0to390μg/Lwithanaveragevalueof211μg/Linwatersurfacemicrolayer(SM)samples.TheresultsindicatethattherewasonlyaweakcorrelationbetweentheDEHPconcentrationsandsuspendedparticulatematerial(SPM)concentrationsinbothSSWandSM,whilethesignificantcorrelationbetweenDEHPconcentrationsandchlorophyllaconcentrationswasfound,whichsuggestesthatDEHPwasprincipallyboundtophytoplanktonintheeutrophiclake.CorrelationbetweenDEHPconcentrationsandtotalphosphor(TP)concentrationswasalsofoundinthisinvestigation.Enrichmentfactors(EF)ofDEHPinSMwereintherangeof0.85to2.12withanaveragevalueof1.35.DEHPEFsweresignificantlyrelatedtotheenrichmentofchlorophyllainSM.TheresultssuggestthattheenrichmentofDEHPinSMofthiseutrophiclakewasmainlyduetoDEHPaccumulationinphytoplanktonandwascontrolledbydistributionofphytoplanktonbetweenSMandSSW.

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简介：Someantitumoractivitiesofcomponent(E),extractedfromtherootofFagopynumCymosum(Trev)Meisn(FCTM),haverecentlybeendiscoveredinvivoandinvitro.ThecomponentE(CE)’spatternofactionwithtumorcellularDNAatthemolecularpharmacologicallevelwasinvestigatedbymacromolecularsynthesisexperiment(MSE)andhumanDNAinteractionsystemestablishedinourlaboratory.Theexperimentsdemonstratedthat,invitro,theagentcouldmarkedlyinhibittheincorporationof3H-TdRintothecellularDNA,andtheIC50inP388leukemiacellandinSGC-7901cellwas17.86μg/mland110.4μg/ml,respectively.Theagent,atmg/mllevel,couldproduceanintercalationreversionpatternwithDNAwithinashorttime(2hours).Butwhentheintervalwasprolongedforover4hours,theactionchangedtointercalationirreversiblepattern.Accordingtotheseobservations,theauthorsinferthatCEinteractswithDNAintwoways-directlyandindirectly.Theindirectaction,especiallyinlowconcentr

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简介：SupersonicMolecularBeamInjection(SMBI)isanewfuellingmethodforTokamaksandhasrecentlybeenimprovedtoenhancethefluxofthebeamandtomakeasurveyoftheclustereffectwithinthebeam.Thereareaseriesofnewphenmnena,whichimplicatetheinteractionofthebeam(includingclusters)withthetoroidalplasmaofHiL-1MTokamak.TheHαsignalsfromtheedgeshowaregularvariationaroundthetorus.Aroundtheinjectionport,theedgeHαsignalsarepositiverectangularwave,whichisconsistentwiththatoftheinjectionbeampulses.Theedgeelectrontemperature,measuredwithmovableLangmuirprobes,decreasesbyanorderofmagnitudeandthedensityincreasesbyanorderofmagnitude.Hαemissionatthebeaminjectionport,measuredwithCCDcameraatanangleof13.4degreestotheSMBIline,showsmanyseparatepeakswithinthecontourplot.Thesepeaksmayshowthestrongemissionproducedbytheinteractionofthehydrogenclusterswiththeplasma.Hydrogenclustersmaybeproducedinthebeamaccordingtotheempiricalscaling(Hagena)lawofclusteringonset,heredisthenozzlediameterinμm,P0thestaguationpressureinmbar,T0thesourcetenperatureinK,andkisaconstantrelatedtothegasspecies.IfΓ*>100,clusterswillbeformed.InpresentexperimentΓ*isabout127.

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简介：用定位系统(LLS)的3D闪电放射来源，三联系闪电排出(二或遵循他们的空间差距是不到10km，他们的时间差距是不到800ms的一条任意的规则的更邻近的闪电分泌物)被观察，并且在联系闪电分泌物之间的相互作用被分析。所有这三联系闪电分泌物被发现包含三或更多控告区域(地面被看作一个特殊费用区域)。而且，至少一个费用区域每一些联系闪电分泌物包含了二闪电分泌物。从电场识别了变化，随后的闪电分泌物被优先的闪电分泌物压制。然而，优先的闪电分泌物提供了一条留下的分泌物隧道便于随后的闪电分泌物，是可能的。第三诉讼提供了这可能性的证据。一起，，结果建议了那费用总体上否定的费用区域能在主要否定费用区域上面用人工的闪电被消费，地面上的闪电事故能极大地被减少，在主要否定费用区域和更低的正电荷区域的费用紧张的高度是合适的条件上。

简介：Interactionsofpolyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)withmetalchlorides(MgCl2,CaCl2,KC1andBaC12)havebeeninvestigatedbyviscometricandspectrophotometrictechniquesinaqueoussolutions.Intrinsicviscosity[η]of(PVP)hasshownadiscontinuitywithvaryingconcentrationofmetalchlorides.ThedecreasingorderofeffectivenessofcationisK1+＞Ca2+＞Mg2+＞Ba2+forpoly(vinylpyrrolidone)solution.ChangesintheabsorptionspectraofthecosoluteswereobservedinthepresenceofPVPinthelowerlimitoftheUV-visibleregioni.e.200-210nm.ThesechangeswereattributedtointeractionofPVPmoleculeswiththecosolutemolecules.Astheconcentrationofthecosoluteincreased,aredshiftinthepeakswasobserved,indicatinganincreaseininteractionbetweenPVPandcosolutes.

简介：我们学习在在相对地控告的多价的像杆的counterions的一个答案嵌入的二相似控告的表面之间的相互作用。counterions坚硬地由二组成结合的点费用，每原子价Z。有增加表面费用密度或费用的原子价的静电的联合增加的力量。系统被采用一个前後一致的领域理论分析，它在不同近似以内对待counterions的短、长期的相互作用。我们发现在弱联合限制，相互作用仅仅是排斥的。在中间的联合政体，多价的像杆的counterions能调停在表面之间的吸引人的相互作用。为足够地长的杆，衔接贡献吸引人的相互作用。在强壮的联合限制，费用关联能在在控告的表面之间的短分离贡献吸引人的相互作用。二最小然后能出现在在表面之间的力量曲线。

简介：Weinvestigatethequantum-classicaltransitionofakickedrotor(KR)underperturbationbyasecondone.TheinfluenceofsuchachaoticKRmakesdecoherenceofthefirstone,resultingintheemergenceofclassicaldiffusionfromitsquantumdynamics.Suchquantum-classicaltransitionpersistsbydecreasingtheeffectivePlanck'sconstanth,andatthesametime,decreasingthemassofthesecondKRandtheinteractionstrengthproportionally.Inthelimitofh→0,duetovanishingsmallmassandinteraction,thesecondKRhasalmostnoeffectontheclassicaldynamicsofthefirstone.Wedemonstratethisviatwodifferentcouplingpotentials.